a happy match is fixed by heaven(hóng yè tí shī)

a happy match is fixed by heaven

During the Tang Dynasty, there were a large number of women in the harem, but most of the women in the palace could only live in empty rooms all their lives. It is said that at that time, countless Shangyang maids wrote poems with red leaves and threw them into the palace to express their feelings.

Shangyang palace is adjacent to Luoshui in the South and Forbidden Garden in the north, with beautiful scenery and numerous maids. Poet Wang Jian once wrote a poem praising: "flowers and trees in Shangyang never fall, and Luoshui flows everywhere through the palace. The so-called fairyland palace is just the prison of the miserable life of hundreds of palace maids in the Tang Dynasty. In this lonely and tragic situation, Shangyang palace maids use red leaves to express their feelings, reflecting the loneliness and sadness of the palace maids in the deep palace. Later generations often use poems on red leaves to describe the strange marriage between men and women.

poems

"Poems on red leaves" in Tang Dynasty, when the flowers are deep and the palace warblers are sad, the palace maids in Shangyang are heartbroken. the imperial city can't help flowing eastward. Who do you want to send poems to.

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The eunuch biography in the old book of the Tang Dynasty tells another shocking figure: in the years of Kaiyuan and Tianbao, the total number of palace maids in various places exceeded 40000, which is unprecedented in Chinese history. Even if the whole world history is revealed, it is difficult to find a comparable emperor. What Tao Gu of the Northern Song Dynasty said in Qing Yi Lu is even more explicit: during the Kaiyuan period, there were a lot of beautiful women in the harem, so it was hard to choose when the eunuchs went to bed. The eunuchs had to gather their concubines to throw dice, and the winner could get the exclusive right of Xuanzong. This was the treatment of concubines who were close to the emperor, but most of the maids in the palace could only spend their whole life in empty rooms. In Shangyang white haired man, Bai Juyi said that some palace maids had never seen Xuanzong before they entered the palace at the age of 16 and left the palace at the age of 60. All their lives, they were in the lonely state of "leaving the ancient palace alone" and "sitting around talking about Xuanzong". What a hell is there? In this way, Xuanzong was not satisfied, so he put three thousand beauties in the back palace instead, but fell in love with Yang Guifei, making the beautiful and luxurious Shangyang palace the "confinement place" for the maids. At that time, countless Shangyang palace maids wrote poems with red leaves and threw them into the palace to express their feelings. This so-called fairyland palace was just the prison of the miserable life of hundreds of palace maids in the Tang Dynasty. This kind of lonely and tragic situation is beyond the imagination of future generations.

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The story of the poem on the red leaf was first seen in the poem on the ability by Meng Qi, which is "emotion first". There are two pieces in total. One says that Gu Kuang, a poet of the middle Tang Dynasty, played with his three friends in the palace of Shangyang palace in his spare time when he was in Luoyang. I saw a big Wutong leaf floating from the palace wall, and I saw a poem on it: "once in the deep palace, it never sees spring every year." Talk about a leaf and send it to a lover. The next day, Gu Kuang went to the upstream of the flowing water and wrote a poem on the leaf, letting it flow into the palace wall. The poem says: "when the flowers fall deep, the palace warblers are sad, and the maids in Shangyang are heartbroken. After more than ten days, someone went to the garden for a spring outing and got a poem on the red leaf for Gu Kuang to see. On the red leaf is written: "a poem written by a leaf comes from the Forbidden City. Who will reward you with love. Since the middle of the wave, the waves take the second trip by spring. Gu Kuang (about 725-814), a poet of the Tang Dynasty, was born in Hengshan, Haiyan, Suzhou (now in Haining, Zhejiang Province). He was named Huayang Zhenyi and beiweng in his later years. In the second year of the reign of emperor suzong of the Tang Dynasty, he was a Jinshi. He once served as a school scholar and a writer. He also served as a governor of Runzhou and a magistrate of the shogunate of Han Fu, a governor of the town Navy. However, he made no great achievements in his official career. In his later years, he lived in seclusion in Maoshan, where he was light as a feather. He has three volumes of Hua Yang Ji, which has been compiled into Si Ku Quan Shu. There are four volumes of his poems in the whole Tang poetry, among which there is a poem written on the leaf flowing out of the garden. In addition, Gongci also expresses the sorrow of the palace maids who are confined in deep palace. There are three volumes in quantangwen. The story can be seen in the biography of the old book of Tang Dynasty, the chronicle of Tang poetry and the biography of Tang gifted scholars, Gu Kuang, but there is no such story as Hongye's poem, which can be seen as the story of novelists. another story is about the maids' poems, but the plot and characters have changed. It is said that in the heyday of the Tang Dynasty, during the Kaiyuan period, Emperor Xuanzong issued an imperial edict to reward the guards of the frontier fortress with military robes to be sewn by the palace maids. A frontier guard found a poem in his short robe, which read: "soldiers on the battlefield, if you sleep in cold.". If you make the robe, you will know where it is. The animal meaning adds the line, the sentiment is more Mian. This life has already passed, and we have got back together. The soldier did not dare to hide himself and reported to Bian Shuai, who then reported to the court. Xuanzong ordered that the poem be shown to the concubines and maids of the six palaces, and declared: "as long as the poet confesses, I will not blame her." A palace man came forward and admitted that he deserved to die. Xuanzong sympathized with her very much, and ordered to see the maid marry the soldier who got the poem, saying, "I am bound with you." The frontier soldiers were very grateful when they heard that. In contrast, the plot of "poems on red leaves" is more bizarre and romantic, and there is no eulogizing content such as the benevolence and justice of the monarch, the exoneration from sin and marriage. Therefore, later similar legends, poems and dramas were developed according to the version of "poems on red leaves", but the characters and contents were different, and the plots were more and more detailed and vivid.

Related allusions

In the aspect of note novels, there are Fan Yu's Yunxi Youyi in the Tang Dynasty, sun Guangxian's BEIMENG Suoyan in the Five Dynasties, Wang Zi's bushi'er catalogue in the Song Dynasty, and Liu Fu's qingsuo Gaoyi Liuhong Ji. In the second volume of Yunxi Youyi by Fan Yu, the title of tihongyuan is based on Meng Yu's Benshi · emotion first, but the content is doubled: in addition to Gu Kuang's poems, luwo's poems are also added, which were written in Xuanzong and Xuanzong dynasties respectively, and the content of the poems is different from Benshi.

Yunxi Youyi

Volume 10 of Yunxi Youyi written by Tang Fanyu: "Lu Wo, a scholar of Zhongshu, was at the age of Yingju. When he came to Yugou, he saw a red leaf and ordered his servant to come. There is a quatrain on the leaf, which is placed in the towel box, or presented to comrades. Xuanzong and both provincial palace, at the beginning of the imperial edict from a hundred officials, only not allowed to tribute Juren. Wo Hou was also a fan Yang, who was retired from the palace. Seeing the red leaves, the palace people sighed for a long time and said, "at that time, I went with the flow. It's not the case that the husband collected the scarves." I'm surprised to see his handwriting. The poem says, "why is the water running so fast? I'll spend all my leisure time in the deep palace. I'll give thanks to Hongye so that I can go to the world."

"The poem of ability · emotion"

There is a story about Gu Kuang in Tang and Meng's "the poem of ability · emotion", which is about Wu Ye's poem. Gu Kuang is in Luo, and he travels in the garden with three friends of poetry. He sits on the flowing water and gets Da Wu Ye's poem, which says: "once he enters the deep palace, spring never comes every year. Talk about a leaf and send it to a lover. " Kuang tomorrow in the upstream, also topic leaf, put in the wave. The poem said: "when the flowers fall deep and the palace warblers are sad, when the maids of Shangyang are heartbroken. The imperial city can't help flowing eastward. Who do you want to send the poem to More than ten days later, some people searched for spring in the garden, and got poems on the leaves to show the situation. The poem said: "when a poem is inscribed in a forbidden city, who will pay for it? Since the middle of the wave, ripples take the next trip by spring. " ——Tang Mengqi's "ability poem emotion first"

North dream Suoyan

In volume 9 of sun Guangxian's BEIMENG Suoyan of the Five Dynasties, there is a story about Li Yin in the time of xunzong. Once, when he visited the imperial court, he saw a piece of red leaf flowing out of the imperial ditch and wrote a poem: "why is the water running so fast? The deep palace is at leisure. Thank Hongye for her hospitality, so that she can go to the world. " Li Yin keeps the red leaves in her bookcase. Later, in the chaos of the Fan Town, Fu Zong came to Shu, and Li Yin rushed to a common people's home in Nanshan. When she saw a palace maid in exile, she said that she was a servant in the palace. Her name was Yun Fangzi. She has a lot of talent and learning. After Li Yin's deep association with her, Yun Fangzi finds the red leaf and laments, "this is my topic." So he went to Shu. Along the way, Yun Fangzi told the story of the palace in detail. When she arrived in mianzhou, a eunuch recognized her and asked, "how did you get here?" Forced her to mount the horse, forced to take away, Li Yin is very sad, but helpless. That night he stayed in the hotel, Yunfang suddenly came in, she said to Li Yin: "I bribed the middle official with a lot of money, from now on I can go with you." Li Yin is so happy that she can't express her joy. So they went back to Xiangyang together. A few years later, Li Yin got sick and became thin. A Taoist said that he had evil spirit on his face. Then Yun Fangzi told him the truth: "that year Mianzhu met. I'm dead. I feel your deep meaning, so I follow your ears. But I cherish people and ghosts, and dare not implicate you any more. " At the end of the talk, Li Yin had a drink with her. After drinking, she drifted away, and then she didn't know what to do. -- from BEIMENG Suoyan in the early Song Dynasty

The directory of Shi Er Xiao

There is a story about Jia qianxu in emperor Dezong's Shier catalogue written by the king of Song Dynasty; feng'er, the adopted daughter of the king of fengen yuan in emperor Dezong's Tang Dynasty, once wrote a poem on the red leaf and put it out in the imperial ditch, which made it empty for the Jinshi Jia. Later, the emperor granted Jia Quanxu as Cao, the guard of Jinwu, and feng'er as his wife. (list of shi'er Xiao by Wang Zhi of Song Dynasty)

Liuhong Ji

The story of Liuhong, written by Zhang Shi of Wei Ling, is the story of Yu you and Mrs. Han, which was transformed by integrating the former several schools. According to the story of liuhongji in Tang Dynasty, a scholar named Yu you was walking on the street in the Imperial City in the evening. It was late autumn. The setting sun was still shining, the autumn wind was bleak, and the leaves were falling. Yu you could not help feeling sad when he lived in a foreign land. He came to the Bank of the imperial River and was washing his hands, but he was staring at the fallen leaves from the palace city. Suddenly, a big red leaf on the water not far away attracted his attention. It seemed that there were several lines of ink on the leaf. He quickly fished the red leaf out of the water, and there were four poems on it: "why is the water running so fast

Chinese PinYin : hóng yè tí shī