beautiful rivers and mountains of a country(dà hǎo hé shān)

Dajingmen

The synonym dahaoheshan (dahaoheshan Zhangjiakou) generally refers to dajingmen (the first gate of China's great wall), dajingmen, a national key cultural relics protection unit. Located in the north of Zhangjiakou City, it was built in 1644 A.D. and has a history of more than 350 years. Dajingmen is one of the four gates in the great wall of China, which once played an important role in history.

Development history

Zhangjiakou City Great Wall was built in the 21st year of Chenghua in Ming Dynasty (1485 AD), with a total length of 450 km. Qiaoxi belongs to the territory of the Great Wall, 3700 meters in length, are built along the mountains, local materials, built with stone, mortar joint. The Taiping mountains in the East and west of dajingmenwai face each other, and the terrain is very dangerous. In history, this area is a must for military strategists, the north gate of Kyoto, and the main road connecting the frontier fortress and the mainland. In the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), dajingmen was a very important commercial city in the north, known as "Lu Lu commercial port" and "Pidu". Dajingmen, as the north gate guarding Kyoto and the main traffic road connecting the frontier fortress and the mainland since ancient times, has always been a must for military strategists. It is also the traffic and trade border for the Mongolian and Han people, and has played an important role in developing the friendly relations between the Mongolian and Han people and communicating the trade between the mainland and the frontier fortress. Due to the prosperity of Zhangjiakou economy, the Qing government built the first practical railway from Beijing to Zhangjiakou in 1909. Dajingmen is a very special pass in the great wall of China. In domestic and foreign academic circles, it has been listed as an important pass as Shanhaiguan, Juyongguan and Jiayuguan. The gateway of the Great Wall in China is called "Guan" and "Kou", but only Zhangjiakou is called "Jingmen", which contains the charm of "business culture" and "martial arts culture", and also flows the historical origin of national integration. Since the fifth year of Longqing in the Ming Dynasty, the border trade market known as "tribute market" and "tea horse market" has gradually formed in the area of Yuanbaoshan outside dajingmen in Zhangjiakou. Livestock, fur, medicinal materials, woolen goods and silverware from Mongolian grassland and European hinterland were exchanged for silk, tea, porcelain and sugar. Dajingmen became the inland port of international barter trade in northern China. The feudal dynasty took the great wall and the gate as the boundary, and the foreigners who did business could only trade outside the city. "Border gate" means the gate of the border. In 1927, Gao Weiyue, governor of Chahar, wrote on the lintel of dajingmen the four big characters of "Da Hao He Shan", which are vigorous and powerful, quite spectacular, and add charm to dajingmen. war and peace, life and death, prosperity and desolation are repeated and repeated here. Dajingmen is a witness of Zhangjiakou's history. Many important historical events are closely related to dajingmen. Dajingmen witnessed not only the poverty of old China, but also the prosperity of new China and the great changes of Zhangjiakou. Zhangjiakou people are proud of dajingmen, which naturally becomes the symbol of Zhangjiakou.

Main attractions

Dajingmen is simple and heavy in shape, and it is unique in the whole Great Wall culture for its bold, vigorous, limited and unrestrained momentum. It is the main road to the north of the entrance. In order to protect cultural relics and historic sites, the municipal government and the district government have started to carry out comprehensive restoration and development of dajingmen, making dajingmen a tourist attraction and a summer resort. It is a brick arch with stone foundation. The gate wall is 12 meters high, the bottom is 13 meters long and the width is 9 meters. It has two wooden and iron doors. The top is a platform, 12 meters long and 7.5 meters wide. There is a crenel 1.7 meters high outside and a parapet 0.8 meters high inside. On the lintel of the gate is Gao Weiyue, the commander of the local military and government at that time, who wrote the four characters "great rivers and mountains" in 1927. According to legend, Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty returned to Kyoto on an expedition. When he passed here at night, he used to sleep outside the gate of Dajing, and later built Wolong Pavilion and general Pavilion.

scenic spot

In 2010, it was upgraded to a national 4A level scenic spot, including West Taiping mountain, Ming Great Wall, West Taiping mountain, North Wei great wall, xiaojingmen, dajingmen, Erlang temple, Guandi temple, stone carvings, laiyuanbao Yongshun gate, etc. by 2012, dajingmen, Zhangjiakou Fort (Baozili) and laiyuanbao have applied for national cultural relics as a whole. A number of cultural relics and buildings with historical value, such as shuoshitang, Sanniangzi temple, guanyue (Guanyu and Yuefei) temple, Shanshen temple and Shuiguan, are also under active protection, renovation and development. From 2010 to 2011, the first phase of the whole renovation plan will be completed, and the dajingmen Great Wall will initially restore its historical appearance. In the future, dajingmen great wall and Zhangjiakou fort will become as famous as Pingyao ancient city, Shanhaiguan and other traditional Chinese Ming and Qing architectural complexes, and become a beautiful landscape.

Historical story

Dajingmen not only has magnificent architecture and beautiful scenery, but also has a glorious history. After the September 18th Incident in 1931, patriotic general Ji Hongchang led tens of thousands of Anti Japanese allied forces to take the oath to go out to fight against the Japanese aggressors and recover the lost territory. In August 1945, the Eighth Route Army led by the Communist Party of China invaded Zhangjiakou from dajingmen and liberated this ancient city from the Japanese invaders. In December 1948, the Chinese people's Liberation Army annihilated 50000 Kuomintang troops outside dajingmen, and Zhangjiakou was liberated for the second time. Built in 1644, dajingmen, together with Shanhaiguan, Juyongguan and Jiayuguan, is known as the "four famous passes" of the Great Wall (new junior high school history textbook in 2005). In 1673, Wu Sangui fought against the Qing Dynasty. Kangxi recruited eight banners from outside the Great Wall to Zhangjiakou. A large number of brave eight banners entered the Central Plains from dajingmen and rushed to the south. Zhangjiakou dajingmen played an important role in the "San Francisco rebellion". In 1697, the main force of the third northern expedition to gardan started from dajingmen in Zhangjiakou. Not long after calming down gardan, Zhang Zicheng, a scholar of Jin nationality in Zhangjiakou, was moved by the peaceful and prosperous scene inside and outside the Great Wall. In 1709, he wrote the four characters "unification of inside and outside" and engraved them on the stone wall outside dajingmen, expressing the people's demand for the reunification of the motherland and their love for peace inside and outside the Great Wall. There are six languages of Manchu, Han, Mongolian, Tibetan and Sanskrit under the cliff inscriptions. Since then, Zhangjiakou had no war for more than 200 years, and finally developed into a famous land commercial port in northern China. The famous zhangku commercial road appeared, and the distribution center of this commercial road was dajingmen. Zhangkushang road extends from Beijing and Tianjin in the south to Huguang, and extends to Russia's chaktu and maoskowa (now Moscow) in the north, directly affecting Europe and Western Asia. In a long historical period before the Opium War, zhangku trade road was the only channel for Sino Russian trade. Zhangjiakou became the largest tea export base and fur distribution center in China, known as "land port" and "leather capital". At that time, at the foot of the Great Wall, inside and outside dajingmen, there were many shops, cattle, horses and camels, and all kinds of goods piled up like mountains. Even at the end of the 19th century, Zhangjiakou was still very prosperous, with a trade volume of 150 million taels of silver. Because of the prosperity of zhangku Avenue, the Qing government built the first state-owned utility railway to Zhangjiakou, and the Beijing Zhangjiakou Railway designed and constructed by Zhan Tianyou was opened to traffic in 1909. In 1927, Gao Weiyue, the last Chahar Dutong, was moved by the mountains and rivers inside and outside dajingmen, and wrote the four characters of "great rivers and mountains", which added momentum to dajingmen. The dajingmen area of the Great Wall is not only a military fortress and a land commercial port in history, but also occupies an important position in the history of modern and modern revolutionary wars in China. In the 1920s, Li Dazhao and he Mengxiong, the early leaders of the Communist Party of China, launched revolutionary activities inside and outside dajingmen. In 1925, they established the Peasant Movement Association in dongwanzi, dajingmen. The site is well preserved. In August 1945, the main force of Jicha liberated Zhangjiakou, which had been ruled by the Japanese puppet government for eight years. It was the first big city captured by the Eighth Route Army led by the Communist Party of China from the Japanese invaders. The Eighth Route Army bravely entered dajingmen, which became the historical record of the great victory of the Chinese people in the anti fascist war. Dajingmen became the "second city" for a while It is the symbol of "an", "Oriental model city" and "cultural city". In December 1948, our army besieged and annihilated more than 54000 Kuomintang officers and soldiers in the valleys of xidianzi, ulahada and other areas outside dajingmen gate, and recaptured Zhangjiakou from the Kuomintang at one stroke, achieving a brilliant victory in the battle of Zhangjiakou on the western line of the Pingjin campaign. The mighty division of the PLA entered the urban area from dajingmen. It can be said that dajingmen is the victory gate of the Communist Party of China and the victory gate of the Chinese revolution. After liberation, dajingmen was protected. Especially since the reform and opening up, dajingmen was listed as a provincial cultural relic protection unit in 1982, and governments at all levels paid more attention to the protection work. In the 1990s, the city's people and garrison donated money to repair the city wall to the west of dajingmen, so that dajingmen would not collapse. The buildings around dajingmen are dense and the facilities are old, which is not commensurate with the historical status and reputation of dajingmen. In 2005, Zhangjiakou Municipal government and Qiaoxi District government formulated the protection plan for dajingmen, which raised 6.8 million yuan to move out 56 households within a 6000 square meter area on the East and west sides of dajingmen outside the Great Wall. More than 140 houses have been demolished, and it is planned to restore the 100 meters of the Great Wall on the east side of dajingmen outside the Great Wall original appearance.

Local characteristics

Chinese PinYin : dà hǎo hé shān