Yu Huai
Yu Huai
Yu Huai (1616-1696) was a writer in the early Qing Dynasty. The word Danxin, a word without Huai, is manweng, Guangxia, also known as Hushan waishi, Han tie daoren. In his later years, he called himself the old man who held the garland. Huangshi people in Putian, Fujian, live in Nanjing, so they call themselves Jiangning Yuhuai and Baixia Yuhuai. In his later years, he retired from Wumen and wandered between Zhizhi and Lingyan. He collected songs and selected songs. He was as famous as Du Jun and Bai Mengnai and was known as "Yu, Du and Bai" at that time.
Textual research on native place
As for Yu Huai's life, there are only sporadic records in historical materials, which are mostly found in other people's poetry anthologies and wo Ji. The biographies listed by Zhicheng are mostly Chen Xiangyin's, which are closely related to the biographies written by Wang Shizhen and others. According to the relevant records in yuqinzhai Ci, Liu Yizheng confirmed the record of Yu Huaisheng's year in xuyingnianlu. After that, Guan Guiquan, fan Zhixin and Li Jintang all made a detailed research on Yu Huai's life.
Yu Huai was born on July 14, 1616, the 44th year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty. In the 35th year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty, Bingzi (1696) died on June 20th (the birthday of Lotus). He was eighty-one years old. Most researchers believe that Yu Huai was born in Putian and later lived in Nanjing. However, Mr. Kang Jue quoted "the poetry of Xuehong hall" as saying: "Yu Dan, a native of Fujian, grew up in Jinling. In his life, he hated that he didn't travel to other places and didn't eat litchi. " According to this, Yu Huai was born in Nanjing, grew up in Nanjing, and his ancestral home was Putian, Fujian. Yu's body may be a scholar. Cao Rong "send Yu Dan heart far Jinling song" said: "Yuzi Minzhong famous family, a few years moved to changganqu." At least a solid family. In Mr. Yu's sixty, Fang Wen said: "Yao island came from Bamin, but it depends on the state of Beijing to send leisure. You can read ten thousand volumes. The family is not poor "Mr. Yu's sixty" was written in 1641, the year of Xinsi in Chongzhen, with the title of "respecting people with a humble heart". It can be seen that Liao's poem was written for Yu Huai's father's sixty birthday. It also shows that Yu Huai really grew up in the environment of "book collection" and "family not poor". (Yu HUAIJI)
brief account of the author's life
Yu Huai lived in an era of great social unrest in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. His life was full of twists and turns. It can be divided into two stages: the occupation of Nanjing by the Qing army in 1645 in the second year of the reign of emperor Shunzhi of the Qing Dynasty and the downfall of Hongguang's regime in the Southern Ming Dynasty
The first stage: 1616-1645, i.e. before the age of 30. He is well versed in classics and history, has profound knowledge, and has the ambition of Kuang Shi. Nanjing Guozijian (nanyong) has a huge scale. In order to participate in the Nandu rural examination, students from several Southeast provinces often gather here. Yu Huaiyi once studied in nanyong. Yu Huai, Hu Guang Du Rong (Yu Huang) and Jiangning Bai Meng NaI (Zhong Diao) were the top candidates in the test, and they were called "Yu Du Bai" (the homonym of Jinling's commonly known dyeing name "Yu Du Bai"). At that time, Wu Weiye (Jungong), who was in charge of the Imperial College in Nanjing, admired this talented and elegant literary youth very much. He wrote a poem "Red River to nanzhong Yudan heart": "green grass, beautiful and picturesque. It's a wonderful place to enjoy the music, the streams and the mountains, the dancing pavilions and the singing pavilions. Shizigang head heard playing skills, Waguan Pavilion outside the Kanpan horse. Who are the younger generation and leaders like Qing? Chicken cage house, Qingxi club, Xiyuan drink, Dongtang shoot. Catch the loose branches and do some bidding. Gambling villa to find Wang Wuzi, on the book does not reduce Xiaosi words. It's from all over the world to listen to the talk and force people to come. " (collection of poems in Meicun
Gengchen (1640) in the 13th year of Chongzhen and Xinsi (1641) in the 14th year of Chongzhen were well-known and praised for his talent. He was invited to the shogunate by fan Jingwen (Duke Zhi), who was the Minister of Nanjing Military Ministry in the Ming Dynasty. He was responsible for receiving guests from all sides and taking charge of documents, such as Niu sengru in the Tang Dynasty. At this time, he was twenty-five or six years old. Yu Huai's entering fan's screen with cloth clothes not only shows fan's appreciation of his talent, but also shows that Yu Huai and fan have the same ambition to help the world, rather than ordinary scholars. At Renwu (1642) in the 15th year of Chongzhen, the Restoration Society held a meeting in Huqiu, Suzhou. Zheng Yuanxun (Chaozong) and Li Wen (Shuzhang) presided over the conference. Gong Dingzi, Fang Yizhi, Deng Hanyi and other celebrities were present at the meeting. Yu Huai also attended the Huqiu meeting. (the whole story of Social Affairs)
In March of 1644, Li Zicheng led the peasant army to capture Beijing, and the Ming Dynasty perished. In May, Zhu Yousong, the king of fortune, succeeded to the throne of Nanjing and built up a grand palace. Ma Shiying controlled the government, quoted the eunuch Ruan Dacheng, rejected the loyal and the good, fanned the party disaster, and wantonly persecuted the people in Donglin and the restoration society. Nanjing became the center of the party struggle. Yu Huai took an active part in the struggle against Ma and Ruan. Later, he recalled: "when I was young and full of vigor, I looked forward to myself. I had the integrity of the Eastern Han Dynasty with all the famous scholars, and I had the talent of the Six Dynasties. I had a clear discussion, and I had a strong resistance to vulgarity. The weight of cloth lies in Qing Xiang. " He added: "when a and B want to succeed, they will be killed if they want to mend their grievances and take revenge. More than to rescue Zhou (body) and Lei (Zuo) two gongs, can't help but tiger mouth (Volume 2 of Tongren Ji) after Yu Huai's death, you dong's Elegy says: "win people to call Yu Du Bai, and watch dangren tablet at night." The first sentence is about literary grace, and the second one is about integrity, which can be a portrayal of his first half of life. In May of the second year of Shunzhi (1645), the Qing army occupied Nanjing, and the Hongguang small court perished. Great changes have taken place in Yu Huai's life experience.
The second stage: 1645-1696. Yu Huai was 30 years old until his death. After the Qing army occupied Nanjing, Yu Huai went bankrupt and lost his family. Subsequently, Manchu rulers forced to carry out the ethnic cultural autocratic policy of shaving and changing clothes by means of bloody massacre. Resistance has no strength, surrender is unacceptable, the only way out, is to disguise as a road, exile. The main feature of his life in this period is his long period of exile. From Shunzhi to the early years of Kangxi, he often traveled around Nanjing, Suzhou and Jiaxing to contact like-minded people in the name of sightseeing and carry out activities of resisting the Qing Dynasty and restoring the Ming Dynasty. Yu Danxin's poems in this period have a large number of chapters in the aspects of venting the grief of losing his family and country, expressing his ambition of fighting and restoring his country, and expressing his mood of looking forward to victory.
In 1661, Emperor Yongli of Ming Dynasty was captured by Wu Sangui and killed the next year. At the same time, the Qing government created a series of major cases, and the anti Qing forces were almost destroyed. Yu Huai's hope for recovery was finally dashed. From the eighth year of Kangxi (1669), Yu Huai lived in seclusion in Wumen and made a living by selling literature. At the same time, they focus on academic works. His old friend you dong wrote a novel "Manjianghong", which imitates Wu Meicun's, vividly depicting his miserable state: "the sight of the wild geese in Fenshui is desolate, and the half head of the frost snow swallow and the stage horse.". Why do you change your surname to Yin Wu gate and blow Xiao (Volume 4 of the hundred poems at the end of the century) he also admits: "let go when you are depressed, and sing when you are haggard. It's not the time to go back. " However, as his good friend Wu Qi (yuanci) said, "being generous, long cherishing the heart of nostalgia, and being crazy does not change Ling yunqi." (the complete works of Lin Huitang, Vol. 14) he endured great pain in his heart, stuck to the identity of Ming Dynasty adherents, refused to become an official, and did not cooperate with the Qing government. Many of his works do not include the year of the Qing Dynasty. It's very valuable to have such noble integrity and not forget the noble feelings of our country. The posterity in his hometown praised him for his "noble demeanor, comparable to Gu Tinglin, Huang Lizhou and Wang Chuanshan" (special issue on the 240th anniversary of the death of Mr. Yu Danxin in Putian daily on August 11, 1936).
Literary achievements
Features of works
Yu huaicai's poems are deep and detailed, showing the artistic conception of leisurely feeling. For example, from the three Ruo of Huaxi to Hexi: "the boat comes into Huaxi with the wind, high in autumn, broad in sky and low in five peaks. Outside the lonely smoke of lvluo monastery, there is a small pavilion in the west of mangrove family. Ruo water long clear, fish can be counted, Huangshan will do bird empty cry. Taoyuan is not nowhere to be found. Maple leaves turn to be lost one after another, melting their melancholy into the desolate and desolate picture. Zhu YIZUN commented that this poem has "the style of late Tang Dynasty" and a kind of "elegant and fragrant charm" of "autumn flowers". Especially after the death of the Ming Dynasty, he expressed his feelings for the rise and fall of a generation for thousands of years. His six sentimental poems, written by Wang Jiefu, Su Zizhan, Lu fangweng, Liu Houcun and others, vividly describe the sorrow of a wandering man in the south of the Yangtze River who is "nine points haggard" and "heart turns grey" when his country is overturned. These works are sentimental and beautiful, which are praised by Wu Weiye and Wang Shizhen.
In addition, his notes "miscellaneous notes of Banqiao" records the story of narrow evil, which is divided into three volumes, the first volume is yayou, the second volume is lipin, and the second volume is anecdotes. In his preface, he once explained the reason why he was moved by the narrow evil and the gorgeous, and thought: "since the Ding revolution, time has shifted and things have changed. Ten years old dream, according to Yangzhou. A field of joy, a field of grass. Red teeth and green strings, wonderful dances and clear songs, can not be heard; the bridal chamber is beautiful and flowing, and the Xiang curtain is embroidered, can not be seen; the famous flowers and Yao grass, the golden deer and the rhinoceros, can not be enjoyed. In the meantime, the eyes are full of Artemisia, the buildings are full of ashes, the beauties are full of dust, and the feelings of prosperity and decline are no longer there! " Therefore, the writing feature of this note is to exaggerate the prosperity of that year and contrast the desolation of today.
Detailed introduction of works
1、 He is the author of ten volumes of Yu Zi Shuo Shi, compiled by Yu huaidan's family, and also by Zhang Qin, a native of the city.
2、 In the eighth volume of Dong Shan Tan yuan, the people of xiapi (Yu's county is called "xiapi county"), who lived in xiapi, met the ancients' good words and deeds, and wrote essays to fill the historical gap. Yu Huai's signature is Chang Guanli, or Sanshan, or Puyang or Putian, and his book is named after Dongshan of the city. He loves Zili and sees it in Simi; or he is in xiapi and Jiangbiao
Chinese PinYin : Yu Huai
Yu Huai
