Zhu De
Zhu De
Zhu De < I > (December 1, 1886 - July 6, 1976) < / I >, with the word Yujie, formerly known as Zhu Daizhen and formerly known as Zhu Jiande, is a great Marxist, a great proletarian revolutionist, statesman and militarist, one of the main founders of the Chinese people's Liberation Army and the founding father of the people's Republic of China. He is the first generation of the central collective leadership of the party with Comrade Mao Zedong as the core Important members.
In the early days of the people's Republic of China, he also served as the Secretary of the CPC Central Committee for Discipline Inspection. In order to strengthen the construction of the ruling party, maintain the party's organizational discipline, overcome various unhealthy tendencies within the party, and maintain the party's fine style, he did a lot of fruitful work. He has also visited and met with foreign leaders many times, which has enhanced the friendship between the Chinese people and the people of other countries.
During the "Cultural Revolution", he was insulted and attacked by Lin Biao and Jiang Qing group, but he was protected by Mao Zedong. He died in Beijing on July 6, 1976. His main works are collected in selected works of Zhu De.
Life experience
He was born on December 1, 1886 in a tenant family in Yilong County, Sichuan Province.
At the beginning of 1909, he went to Kunming and was admitted to Yunnan Army Academy. In the same year, he joined the Chinese League, a revolutionary group led by Sun Yat Sen.
In October 1911, he took part in the armed uprising of the 1911 Revolution in Yunnan.
In December 1915, he took part in the war against Yuan Shikai's restoration of the monarchy.
In July 1917, he served as brigade commander of Yunnan army and took part in the French protection war against Duan Qirui, a northern warlord in Sichuan.
In the spring of 1921, he served as commander of military police headquarters of Yunnan army, director of police of Yunnan Province and director of Police Department of provincial capital.
Under the influence of the October Revolution and the May 4th movement, he gradually accepted Marxism.
In August 1922, he went to Germany to seek revolutionary truth, met Zhou Enlai and other Communists in Berlin, and joined the Communist Party of China. He studied in a university in gerdingen, Germany.
He returned to Berlin in 1925 and was elected executive member of the Kuomintang branch in Germany. He was arrested twice by the German government and deported for his active revolutionary activities.
In July 1925, he went to the Soviet Union to study military.
He returned to China in the summer of 1926 and was sent by the CPC Central Committee to carry out revolutionary work in Sichuan army.
At the beginning of 1927, he went to Nanchang, Jiangxi Province to set up the officers education group of the third army of the National Revolutionary Army to train revolutionary military cadres.
In July 1927, after the collapse of the first Kuomintang communist cooperation, he took part in leading the August 1 Nanchang Uprising and served as the commander of the Ninth Army of the uprising army. After the uprising army went south to Guangdong, its main force was defeated by the Kuomintang army in Chaoshan area. He led the rest of the army to the south of Hunan, launched the peasant uprising and established the Soviet regime.
In April 1928, he led more than ten thousand troops to Jinggangshan to join the army led by Mao Zedong, and then set up the Fourth Army of the workers' and peasants' Revolutionary Army (soon renamed the Red Army) to serve as commander and Mao Zedong as party representative. He and Mao Zedong commanded the troops to defeat the Kuomintang's "advance and suppression" and "joint suppression" for many times and established the Jinggangshan revolutionary base.
In January 1929, he and Mao Zedong led the army to march to the south of Jiangxi and the west of Fujian, which laid the foundation for the establishment of the central revolutionary base.
In August 1930, he served as commander in chief of the first front army of the Chinese workers' and peasants' Red Army and commander in chief of the Chinese workers' and peasants' Red Army.
In November 1931, the Provisional Central Government of the Soviet Republic of China was established as chairman of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission. Together with Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai, he successively commanded the Red Army to defeat the Kuomintang army's four large-scale military "encirclement and suppression" of the central revolutionary base.
In January 1934, he was elected a member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee at the Fifth Plenary Session of the sixth CPC Central Committee.
He took part in the long march in October 1934. At the enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee (Zunyi Meeting) held in Guizhou in January 1935, he supported Mao Zedong's correct proposition. During the Long March, he had a resolute struggle with Zhang Guotao, leader of the Fourth Front Army of the Red Army, for splitting the Communist Party and the Red Army.
After the outbreak of the Anti Japanese war in July 1937, he served as the commander in chief of the Eighth Route Army of the National Revolutionary Army (soon changed to commander in chief of the 18th group army of the National Revolutionary Army), led the Eighth Route Army to the front line of North China, cooperated with the Kuomintang army in fighting against Japan, and won the battle of Pingxingguan. Then he directed all the departments of the Eighth Route Army to go deep into the enemy's rear, carried out guerrilla warfare, and established and expanded many anti Japanese bases . He served as commander in chief and deputy commander in chief of the East Route Army of the Second World War Zone, commanding part of the Kuomintang troops under his jurisdiction to fight with the Eighth Route Army, maintaining the situation of cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party against Japan.
In May 1940, he returned to Yan'an and put forward the "Nanniwan policy" to carry out the mass production movement in order to break the Kuomintang's economic blockade on the Shaanxi Gansu Ningxia border region. From April to June 1945, he gave a military report on the battlefield in the liberated areas at the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China. At the first plenary session of the seventh CPC Central Committee, he was elected member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Secretary of the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee.
In the war of liberation, he served as commander in chief of the Chinese people's Liberation Army.
In March 1947, he and Liu Shaoqi formed the working committee of the CPC Central Committee and went to North China to carry out the work entrusted by the Central Committee. He personally went to the front line of North China to guide the battle, won the battles of Qingfengdian and Shijiazhuang, and set a precedent for conquering the fortified cities. In the stage of strategic decisive battle, he assisted Mao Zedong in organizing and commanding the three major battles of Liaoshen, Huaihai and Pingjin.
In April 1949, Mao Zedong issued a combat command along the Yangtze River under the Chinese people's Liberation Army, and finally overthrew Jiang Jieshi's rule in the Chinese mainland.
In his long-term military career, especially in the practice of revolutionary war, he has accumulated rich military experience and gradually formed a set of rational understanding of major military issues, such as leading, training, supporting and employing, which are suitable for the needs of the people's army construction and operations. In the early days of the Chinese Red Army, he and Mao Zedong summed up the 16 character formula of "the enemy advances, we retreat, we harass, we fight when the enemy is tired, and we chase when the enemy retreats", which became the basic guiding principle of the Red Army's guerrilla war. Later, he wrote many military papers on the tactical thoughts of mobile warfare, mountain warfare, pass warfare, encounter warfare, pursuit warfare, attack warfare, attack warfare, and annihilation warfare, which made outstanding contributions to the formation and development of Mao Zedong's military thoughts.
When the people's Republic of China was founded on October 1, 1949, he was vice chairman of the Central People's government and commander in chief of the Chinese people's Liberation Army. He was elected vice chairman of the people's Republic of China at the first National People's Congress in September 1954 and chairman of the standing Committee of the National People's Congress at the second, third and fourth National People's congresses. At the first plenary session of the Eighth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in September 1956, he was elected as a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, vice chairman of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and vice chairman of the Central Military Commission.
In September 1955, he was awarded the rank of Marshal of the people's Republic of China. He is an important member of the first generation of CPC collective leadership with Mao Zedong as the core. Participate in the formulation of the party's line, principles and policies.
During the "Cultural Revolution", he was insulted and attacked by Lin Biao and Jiang Qing group, but he was protected by Mao Zedong.
He died in Beijing on July 6, 1976. His main works are collected in selected works of Zhu De.
Chronology of Events
1886-1909
1886
On December 1, he was born into a tenant family in ma'anchang, Yilong County, Sichuan Province.
1892
He studied in yaopuya private school, named Dai Zhen. Later, he studied in the landlord Ding's private school.
1896
After moving to Dawan, he entered a private school and took the word Yujie.
1905
He took part in the county and government examinations and changed his name to Zhu Jiande. In the autumn, the Qing government ordered that the imperial examination should be stopped since 1906.
1906
He has successively entered Nanchong County higher primary school and Shunqing prefecture (now Nanchong City) secondary school. The next year, he was admitted to the Sichuan Provincial College of higher learning, with an attached sports school.
1908
After graduation, I went to Yilong County primary school as a PE teacher.
1909
In Kunming, he was admitted to the Military Academy of Yunnan army. It was renamed Zhu De. Winter, join the league. The next summer, because of excellent academic performance, was sent to special class.
1911-1920
1911
In August, he graduated early from the special class and was assigned to the left team of Yunnan new army. After the end of the probation period, he served as the chief secretary. In October, he participated in the "Chongjiu uprising" in response to the 1911 Revolution in Wuchang, Yunnan. Later, the Yunnan military government sent the Sichuan aid army to southern Sichuan to support the anti Qing struggle.
1912
He served as the military instructor of Yunnan Army Military Academy (former military academy).
1914
Transferred to Yunnan border garrison. He has successively served as battalion commander, deputy regimental commander and regimental commander. During this period, in fighting with bandits, he gradually explored and summed up the experience of guerrilla warfare.
1915
In December, he led his troops to Kunming and took part in the national defense war against Yuan Shikai's restoration of the monarchy the next year. In the war, we adopt flexible tactics, win more with less, be brave and good at fighting, and make repeated achievements.
1917
In July, he took part in the law protection war against Duan Qirui's abandonment of the provisional treaty and served as brigade commander of Yunnan army.
1920
During his stay in Luzhou, Sichuan, inspired by the October Revolution of Russia and the May 4th movement of China, he gradually realized that "the old way of military struggle is not feasible" and must find a new way to save the country. He discussed with his best friend sun Bingwen and prepared to study abroad.
1921-1930
1921
In spring, he returned to Kunming with the Yunnan army and expelled Tang Jiyao, the governor of Yunnan. At the request of colleagues, he gave up the request of resigning and leaving Yunnan for the time being and served as the commander of Yunnan army gendarmerie.
1922
In January, he was transferred to the post of director of Yunnan provincial police and director of the provincial capital police department. March, due to the Tang Dynasty
Chinese PinYin : Zhu De
Zhu De
