Zhu Zhongmei

Zhu Zhongmei

Zhu Zhongmei was born in Nanchang, Jiangxi Province. The second daughter of Yiwen, the second lieutenant of Fuguo in Ming Dynasty, the house of Li Yuanding in Jishui, and the mother of Li Zhenyu, the Minister of rites. As for the year of his birth and death, there is a clear record in Li Zhenyu's Xianhe zhushuren Xingshu (hereinafter referred to as Xingshu) that "Shuren was born in Tianqi renxu (1622) when he was the second son in May, and died at the end of February 19 of Kangxi Renzi (1672). He was 50 years old and one year old." His works include poetry with grass, Jingge Xinsheng, sequel with grass, Yiyuan Sixiang, etc., which are included in the complete works of Shiyuan.

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Zhu Zhongmei was born in Nanchang, Jiangxi Province. The second daughter of Zhu Yiwen, the second lieutenant of the auxiliary state of the Ming clan, the office of Li Yuanding, the junior Sima of Jishui, and the mother of Li Zhenyu, the Minister of rites. As for the year of his birth and death, there is a clear record in Li Zhenyu's Xianhe zhushuren Xingshu (hereinafter referred to as Xingshu) that "Shuren was born in Tianqi renxu (1622) when he was the second son in May, and died at the end of February 19, 1672, when he was only one year old." His works include poetry with grass, Jingge Xinsheng, sequel with grass, Yiyuan Sixiang, etc., which are included in the complete works of Shiyuan. From the poems and articles of the couple in Shi Yuan Quan Ji and Xing Shu written by Zi Zhenyu, we can roughly find out Zhu Zhongmei's ups and downs in his life. Zhu Yiwen, the father of Zhu Zhongmei and the second lieutenant of Fuguo, was named xunling. He came from Ruichang palace. He was the third son of Zhu Tong, the second lieutenant of Zhenguo, and his mother Wang was also a famous daughter. Zhu Zhongmei returned to Li Yuanding in the 12th year of Chongzhen (1639) of the Ming Dynasty. In the second year (1640), Li Qibu Guanglu. Zhu Zhongmei went with him to the capital. In the year of Renwu (1642), he gave birth to his son Zhenyu. In the summer of the year of Guiwei (1643), Li Yuanding pushed guangluqing to get the decree in February of the year of Jiashen (1644), while Li Zicheng's peasant uprising army captured the capital and died in the Ming Dynasty. Not long after, the Qing army entered the pass and collected the old people. Li Yuanding was appointed Minister of Taipusi. In 1645, he was promoted to the right servant of the Ministry of war. Later, he was dismissed as a military officer in Jiangxi Province. He was not allowed to return. He temporarily lived in Zihan, elder brother of Jinmen. Zihan was arrested for something and Li Yuanding was implicated. He was surprised to be arrested. After Zhaoxue, the family wanted to return to the south, but the war in Jiangxi was not over, so they lived in Yushe lake, Baoying County, Jiangsu Province. In the year of Xinmao (1651), Li Yuanding restored his official position and became the left servant of the military department of Jin Dynasty. However, in the winter of the second year (1652), he was arrested again because of the involvement of chief Ren Zhenshi. After he got rid of the crime, he left his capital and returned to the south in the early summer of 1653, where he still lived in the Hu residence. The couple began to live frugally with each other, chanting self adaptation. In the year of Ding you (1657), his family returned to Nanchang in the winter, and he lived in Nanchang. In the year of gengzi (1660), he gave birth to a daughter. Before the death of Li Yuanding in October 1670, Zhu Zhongmei spent the most stable and happy ten years in his life. After her husband's death, she was in great pain, so she died at home in February of Renzi year (1672) two years later. Taking a comprehensive view of Zhu Zhongmei's life, as Xiong Wenju, a good friend of Li Yuanding, put it, "all the people who lived in prosperity, exiled from adversity, stormy wars, hardships and dangers were unprepared." (Volume 1) in particular, during the ten odd years when he was in office in Kyoto, he was "frequently in need, but never in sorrow" (Volume 14) and "circumstances restrain good and bad" (Volume 13). The fall of the Ming Dynasty was even more severe for Zhu Zhongmei (Volume 29), who was the daughter of the imperial clan and "the descendant of Tianhuang". The pain was much more severe than that of ordinary people. When the Ming Dynasty died, Zhu Zhongmei and his son Zhenyu took refuge in Tianjin. This son can be brought back to his hometown and handed over to Mrs. Luo. No one else will come out. " So we can see the danger and danger of the situation at that time. His father, Yiwen, also avoided the chaos in the countryside and died. Therefore, the sorrow of her country's subjugation and the pain of her life experience mingled in her mind, which made her sigh: "the nest looks for the old world, grieves for the former generation, feeds the new chicks, and comforts the late hunger." "Mountains and rivers are like old clothes, and dusk rises in the north and south of the city." (Volume 14 "trial writing on the first day of the reign of emperor Dinghai)") the rise and fall of the mausoleum has passed for thousands of years (Volume 16 "Zong Bonian's sister-in-law's phase Canglang Pavilion watching female acrobats perform in the spring of moling". The unchangeable lineage factor in her blood makes the past dynasty have the dual significance of home and country for her at the same time, and the reality that the country is still not human makes her clearly touch the merciless face of the rise and fall of history. Under the background of turbulent times, her personal misfortune may be insignificant, but the desolation of wandering and falling and the sadness of living in troubled times still profoundly and truly outline the thoughts and feelings of a generation - "Yuheng's desire for the present is low, the mountains and rivers are no longer the cause. The fragrance of heaven drifts to the middle of the moon, and the smoke from the north and the South blocks the way back. " (Volume 14 "the beginning of autumn") as the imperial clan of Ming Dynasty, Zhu Zhongmei experienced the vicissitudes of great changes on the one hand, and on the other hand had to bear the helplessness and sorrow of his husband's official career in the new dynasty. As a second minister, life is not easy. The waves of the official sea and the treacherous personnel make her worry all day long for her husband's safety. Although she didn't express her dissatisfaction with the source of Li Yuanding directly in her poems, the idea that she was eager for the whole family to return to lijieyin as soon as possible revealed her original intention of not being able to be a minister to the new dynasty. For example, the everlasting longing for each other is like: "remember the mountain of home, hope for home," the world is in disorder. Luo Yi was stained with tears. I used to be an official and an official, but when I came back, I would put a fishing rod. Maple Leaf pill in the air.
As a woman, even after the patriarchal clan, she had nothing to do at that time. Her only choice is to retreat into the forest, stay away from the storm and great changes that are hard to face in the world as far as possible in a relatively peaceful life, and cover up or fade away the past trauma and hidden pain with seemingly idle days. However, even such a humble wish could not be realized for a moment, so she began to feel depressed. The six words of "once an official, and then an official" contain a lot of fear and anxiety brought to her by the ups and downs of officialdom. At the same time, it subtly reveals her disappointment that Li Yuanding has never forgotten the fame and wealth of his official career. Her depressive mood can not be clearly expressed in her poems, but it can be found in the poem entitled "feelings of Meng Dong": she has been a guest for six years and has gone through many vicissitudes. The frost is cold, the withered leaves are cold, and the moon dissolves to cover the night smoke. Resentment by leakage sound sad Han que, sorrow with the dream shadow to Wuchuan. White clouds return to thousands of miles, sad to see the river tears. (Volume 14) during her six years in Kyoto, she seems to have experienced the reincarnation of the past and the present. Her once brilliant and extraordinary past life disappeared with the fall of Mingshi, and her future life just began with the establishment of the new dynasty. In such a dramatic transformation, she reexamines her current situation with some embarrassment: the capital she lives in is not her hometown, and the new dynasty she is attached to is not the Ming Dynasty that made her shine in the past. Looking back home with such a mood, it's no wonder that there will be the thought of mourning the Han Que and returning to Wuchuan. In fact, the hometown she missed thousands of miles away is not the shadow of the country she once deeply mourned. Taking a comprehensive view of Zhu Zhongmei's 51 year life, we can see that before he got married at the age of 18, he was a quiet and carefree girl, and after he was 32 (1653), he would return home together for the rest of his life. However, during the 14 years, she has experienced too many "waves and changes" (Volume 13), but "although she is constantly changing" (Volume 1), which is closely related to her extraordinary temperament and insight.

Character evaluation

According to the records, Zhu Zhongmei "was brilliant when he was young, and when he was a girl, he was able to read the historical records of Gangjian and other poetry collections in a small building day and night. He recited them without leaving a single word. In between, there were rhymed words, many aphorisms (Xingshu) and" the history of Ci Fu is full of exposition "(Li yuankuan: preface to the complete collection of Shiyuan). This has something to do with her family environment. According to Li Yuanding's "xunling Zhu cemetery inscription", Zhu Yiwen, Zhu Zhongmei's father, "is good at reading and linchi skills. Most of his works are based on the ancient times, especially in writing big characters on the plain wall, which has the style of Liu Chengxuan. With the rest of the fine Qi Huang industry, living people are not counted. There are scholars in the imperial clan in the late Ming Dynasty (Volume 30). In a scholarly atmosphere, she naturally gets a good education and influence. After returning home, Li Yuanding, her husband, was "the one who holds the handle of domestic articles" (Volume 22), and both of them had a lot of singing music. Moreover, it is worth noting that unlike most female writers, Zhu Zhongmei is not only limited to the harmony with her husband's poems, but also likes to read historical records and anecdotes. The wide reading vision not only enriches her learning, but also makes her insight and mind surpass those of ordinary female poets. Li Yuanding said in the preface to suicao that "every time he lives in leisure, he is relatively private and prosperous. All the gains and losses of the government, the merits of the talents, and the rise and fall of the husband in ancient and modern times, the rise and fall of the officials are not as clear as the candle "(Volume 13). Li Zhenyu, her son, also said that she was "alert and resourceful in seeing things, and had many strange things to expect" (Xingshu). Not only that, in 1651, Li Yuanding returned to his original post, but in 1652, Zuo Shilang of the military department of the Jin Dynasty, who said, "I am not in charge of all the posts, but I am in charge of painting.". In the society at that time, it was really amazing. As a woman, Zhu Zhongmei's words and deeds have obviously broken through the confines of the boudoir. She not only talked with her husband about politics and history, but also put forward her own opinions, and even helped her husband to give advice in officialdom. Because of this, Li Yuanding's feelings for her include respect and even gratitude. More than once, he said, "if you don't want to risk your life and death, you'll have more power in your wife." (Volume 13, preface to accompanying the grass)

Chinese PinYin : Zhu Zhong Mei