bright pearl

Naran Pearl

Naran Pearl

(November 19, 1635 ~ June 3, 1708), yehenala, with the name of duanfan, was born in Jianzhou. Yehe (now Yehe Town, Tiedong District, Siping City, Jilin Province) was born in zhenghuang banner of Manchuria. He was the father of Nalanxingde, an important Minister of Kangxi Dynasty in Qing Dynasty.

He married the daughter of the British Prince azig, and set up a family of Lanling bodyguard and zhiyizheng. He moved to be a doctor of the house of internal affairs. He successively served as the general manager of the house of internal affairs, the six ministers, the censor of zuodou in duchayuan, the Bachelor of wuyingdian, the crown prince and Taifu, and played a positive role in supporting Emperor Kangxi's proposal to withdraw San Francisco, unify Taiwan, govern the Yellow River, pacify Galdan, and resist foreign enemies. In the 27th year of Kangxi (1688), he was deposed because of the crime of clique, and the minister and the Guanglu doctor were no longer valued.

In 1708, he died of illness and was buried in the west of zaojiatun, Shangzhuang Town, Haidian District, Beijing.

Life of the characters

Of noble birth

Nalan Mingzhu was born on October 10, 1635. His grandfather, yehenara jintaiji, was the commander of yehena's department. He once joined nine allied forces to fight against Jurchen in Jianzhou, but later he was defeated in the battle. His father, yehnala niyaha, led the Yeh tribe to surrender to Nurhachi and was granted the rank of zuoling. Jintaiji's sister mengguzhezhe is Nuerhachi's concubine and Huangtaiji's biological mother. Therefore, the Nalan family is related to the Aixinjueluo royal family. Later, Nalan Mingzhu married the daughter of Prince azig and became the Tang uncle of Emperor Kangxi.

Smooth official career

In the early years of Kangxi, Nalan Mingzhu served as bodyguard and zhiyizheng, and was promoted to be the doctor of the house of internal affairs. In the third year of Kangxi (1664), he was promoted to be the head of the house of internal affairs and became the highest official of the palace affairs. In the fifth year of Kangxi (1666), he was a Bachelor of Hongwen academy and began to participate in national politics. In 1668, Nalan Mingzhu was ordered to investigate the flood in Huaiyang with marcel, Minister of the Ministry of industry. He found out that Qingkou was the intersection of the Huaihe River and the Yellow River, and discussed the restoration of the old gate of Baiju farm and the excavation of the North Bank of the Yellow River for drainage. Soon after, Nalan Mingzhu was appointed Minister of the Ministry of punishment. In the ninth year of Kangxi (1670), he was granted the imperial censor of zuodu in duchayuan, and served as a lecturer of Jingyan. In 1672, he was appointed Minister of the Ministry of war. In 1672, the emperor went to Nanyuan airing Eagle platform to inspect the Eight Banners soldiers. Nalan Mingzhu issued dogma in advance to train the soldiers. On the day of inspection, the soldiers were dignified and neat. Therefore, Kangxi greatly appreciated his talent.

On the withdrawal of San Francisco

After the stability of Southern Xinjiang in the early years of Kangxi, Wu Sangui was stationed in Yunnan, shangkexi in Guangdong, and Geng Jingzhong in Fujian. For more than ten years, San Francisco was domineering, especially Wu Sangui. Shang Kexi, worried about Wu Sangui's influence, asked Emperor Kangxi to withdraw his vassal and return home. Geng Jingzhong and Wu Sangui immediately agreed with Shangshu. Kangxi summoned the ministers to discuss. The Minister of the Ministry of household, Milo, and the Minister of punishment advocated withdrawing the vassal. Nalan Mingzhu also agreed. However, most of the ministers were silent. The emperor said: "Wu Sangui and others have been planning for a long time. If they don't get rid of it as soon as possible, they will raise a tiger. Now it will be counter to withdraw the vassal, and it will be counter to not withdraw it. It's better to strike first. " Then Wu Sangui and others were approved to withdraw the memorial. Wu Sangui immediately rebelled, and Shang Zhixin, the son of monk Geng Jingzhong, responded. At that time, there was a lot of controversy about the rebellion of San Francisco between the Chinese court and the Chinese court. Suo ERTU, the great scholar, asked for the death of those who advocated withdrawing the San Francisco, but Kangxi refused. He said, "this is my will. What's their crime?" When San Francisco was pacified, Kangxi said to the ministers, "before we discussed withdrawing the vassal, only Mingzhu did what I thought. "He also said:" at that time, some people suggested killing the ministers who advocated withdrawing the vassal. If I listen to them, I will let (loyal ministers) avenge Jiuquan! " From then on, Mingzhu became the minister the emperor relied on.

Power goes to the government and the opposition

In the fourteenth year of Kangxi (1674), Nalan Mingzhu was transferred to the Ministry of officials. In the 16th year of Kangxi (1676), he was awarded the bachelor degree of wuyingdian. During that time, he served as the chief editor of important Royal works, such as records, general plans, unified annals, and Ming history. Soon after, he was granted the title of Prince and teacher, and his power was transferred to the government and the opposition. After becoming an important official of the imperial court, Nalan Mingzhu monopolized the platform of the imperial court. He was modest on the surface, but actually used the Emperor Kangxi's trust to form a clique for personal gain, even embezzled and accepted bribes. In the 16th year of Kangxi (1676), Jin Fu was the governor of the river. He only built dams in the upper reaches to restrict the flow of the river and let the downstream flow freely. Yu Chenglong and others suggested that the downstream should also be dredged, resulting in differences with Jin Fu. Emperor Kangxi recognized Yu Chenglong's view on the grounds of "convenience to the people" and "no harm to the people", while Nalan Mingzhu insisted on his own opinion, saying: "although Yu Chenglong is a clean and honest official, he does not have much experience in water control. Jin Fu has been governor of the river for a long time, and he has made great contributions to the river management. We should follow Jin Fu's advice. " Due to the different opinions of both sides, the dredging project of Xiahe River personally established by Kangxi took two years to complete. in the court, Nalan Mingzhu and soetu were at loggerheads with each other. Sauertu was perverse in nature. When there were ministers in the court who were not attached to him, he immediately excluded them and had a close relationship with Li Guangdi. Nalan Mingzhu was modest and benevolent. He was good at wooing the new comers from the central government. He was secretly trapped by his political opponents and formed a faction with Xu Qianxue. At that time, suoetu was a member of the crown prince party, and Nalan Mingzhu excluded all the people attached to the crown prince.

On suppression of Taiwan

In 1681, Zheng Jing died of illness, and his eldest son was killed. ZHENG Ke Long, a 12-year-old second son, attacked the king of Yanping. Yao Qisheng, governor of Fujian Province, asked the imperial court to send troops to suppress the Taiwan issue. Nalan Mingzhu also believed that this opportunity should be used to completely solve the Taiwan issue. After discussing with Mingzhu, Kangxi ordered Fujian governor, governor and others to work together to calm the sea. Nalan Mingzhu pointed out that the governor and the governor will jointly command each other and should be unified by one person. Kangxi accepted Mingzhu's suggestion and let Fujian governor Shi Lang unite his troops to suppress. In 1683, ZHENG Ke Long sent envoys to seek surrender, and the Qing Dynasty successfully recovered Taiwan. After the Qing army occupied Taiwan, Kangxi finally accepted Mingzhu's suggestion on the arrangement of Zheng's group members and appointed some Taiwan defectors, resulting in the emergence of many promising people. As for whether to abandon Taiwan, Mingzhu has a very clear attitude. At that time, Li Guangdi, a cabinet scholar, advocated abandoning Taiwan, believing that it would increase the financial burden of the imperial court and make no profit. Shi Lang and others firmly stick to it, and Mingzhu also agrees with Shi Lang's suggestion, which is finally supported by Kangxi. Since then, the Qing government set up the Taiwan government, which was subordinate to Fujian Province. From then on, Taiwan was included in the scope of the central government.

Resist tsarist Russia

In 1682, nalanmingzhu accompanied Kangxi to the northeast of China, and reached Wula as far as possible. After careful preparation, nalanmingzhu helped Kangxi dispatch Heilongjiang general sabusu to besiege yakesha twice, forcing Russia to agree to peace talks. In 1686, the Russian negotiation mission arrived in Beijing for talks with the Chinese delegation headed by Nalan Mingzhu. In accordance with Kangxi's instructions, nalanmingzhu righteously refuted Russia's unreasonable provocation and pointed out: "our country has no place to invade our country, but the people of our country have fired guns for no reason, killed unarmed Yu people (i.e. hunters) living in yakesha and other places, and repeatedly accepted me to flee." Russia finally agreed to withdraw its troops from yakesha. The negotiation between nalanmingzhu and the Russian Mission created important conditions for the signing of the Treaty of nebuchu in the future.

Lose power in old age

In the winter of the 26th year of Kangxi (1687), Zhili Governor Yu Chenglong (less than Jackie Chan) told Emperor Kangxi: "the officials have been sold out by Mingzhu and Yu Guozhu." Emperor Kangxi asked Gao Shiqi, "why didn't anyone impeach him?" Gao Shiqi replied: "who is not afraid of death?" In the 27th year of Kangxi (1688), Guo Xiushang impeached nalanmingzhu to form a clique for personal gain and repel others. Emperor Kangxi was determined to attack Nalan party, and then deposed Nalan Mingzhu bachelor, and gave it to the bodyguard to retain. But not long after that, Mingzhu followed Kangxi's western expedition to gertan, and then returned to his original post, but he was not reused in the next 20 years. On April 15, 1708, when nalanmingzhu died of illness, Kangxi sent Yinzhi, the third son of the emperor, to the memorial ceremony.

Main achievements

A generation of powerful ministers

With her own diligence and talent, Nalan Mingzhu grew from an ordinary bodyguard to a scholar and crown prince of wuyingdian University, and became an important official of the imperial court. After 13 years in the cabinet, Nalan Mingzhu played an active role in the major events such as the withdrawal of San Francisco, the reunification of Taiwan, and the resistance to foreign enemies. At the same time, he monopolized the government, took bribes, and fought with another important minister, suoetu. Finally, he was impeached and collapsed. Nalan Mingzhu experienced the ups and downs of honor and Disgrace in his life, but the outcome of losing power can not cover up the achievements of his generation of powerful officials.

Editing classics

As the chief editor, Nalan Mingzhu participated in the compilation of such important Royal classics as the record of emperor Taizu of Qing Dynasty, the record of Emperor Taizong of Qing Dynasty, the three pilgrimage instructions, the political code instructions, the strategy of pacifying the three evils, the Great Qing Huidian, the unified annals of Qing Dynasty, and the history of Ming Dynasty. Among them, the Great Qing Huidian was a masterpiece of various political systems before Kangxi of Qing Dynasty, and became a treasure for studying the history of Qing Dynasty Your information.

Book collectors

Nalan Mingzhu and his sons Nalan Xingde and Nalan kuixu are all famous book collectors. They have a large collection of books, such as "cave inkstone studio" and "Ziyi garden". Nalan Mingzhu collected dozens of rare books of song and Yuan Dynasties, hundreds of engraved books, and most of the old collections of Xu Qianxue. The book copied by Nalan Mingzhu is printed with the three characters of "Xue Yanzhai", which is called "Xue Yanzhai manuscript" in history, including the book of the Southern Tang Dynasty, doctor he Beilun, Maoting Hakka, etc.

Character evaluation

Emperor Kangxi: first, Qing was able to write plain works, holding the important place of Guan Si Lun,

Chinese PinYin : Ming Zhu