Shi Runzhang

Shi Runzhang

Shi Runzhang (1619-1683), the word is still white, the word Qiyun, known as Yushan, compared to luojushi, zhazhai, late called juzhai, later known as Shi Shidu, Shi Fozi. Jiangnan Xuancheng (now Xuanzhou District, Xuancheng City, Anhui Province) people. Politicians and writers in the early Qing Dynasty.

In 1649, Shi Runzhang was a Jinshi and a minister of the Ministry of punishment. Shunzhi 13 years (1656) as Shandong Xuezheng. Shunzhi 18 years (1661), as the Chief Secretary of Jiangxi councilors, after the cut back to the field. In 1679, he was called to learn Hongci, and he was invited to give lectures to the Imperial Academy and to revise the history of the Ming Dynasty. In the 22nd year of Kangxi (1683), he was promoted to the Imperial Academy and served as the editor of Emperor Taizong's sermon. In the same year, he died in Jingzhai at the age of 66.

Shi Runzhang visited the classics and history, and wrote poems and ancient literature. Its meaning is simple and quiet. His poems are famous for their clear diction and beautiful sentences. They are called "Xuancheng style", and he and Gao Yong presided over the southeast poetry circle for decades. He is as famous as Song Wan and has the reputation of "Nanshi and Beisong". He has more than ten kinds of works, such as Shuangxi poetry anthology and Yushan poetry anthology.

(the general picture is the engraving of Shi Runzhang, which is taken from the complete works of Shi Yushan in Qianlong period < / I > < I >) < / I >

Life of the characters

Early lonely

Shi Runzhang was born on November 21, the 46th year of Wanli reign of Ming Dynasty (January 6, 1619) in Shuangxi, Xuancheng, Nanning, Jiang. His family is a neo Confucianism family of "Yimen Zou Lu".

In 1626, when Shi ran Zhang was nine years old, his father Shi Chen died of illness, and Shi ran Zhang became a real orphan. His growth mainly depends on his uncle's reputation. Shi Yu treats Runzhang as if he had been born. In his life, he cares about him meticulously. In his study, Shi Yu not only has strict requirements, but also selects the best teacher to teach him. Later, Shen Shoumin, a famous scholar of Shi Runzhang's restoration, was diligent in learning and strong in memory. He had a literary name when he was young. He once went to Beijing to write poems with Song Wan, Yan hang, Ding Peng, Zhang Qiaoming, Zhao Jinfan, Zhou Maoyuan, etc., and was known as "the seven sons of Yantai".

The road to study

In the third year of Chongzhen (1630), Liu Boyang, a 13-year-old practitioner of Shi Runzhang's teacher, left six years later. Then he went to study at Shuiyang Wang Nianzu, dozens of miles away from Shuangxi, Xuanzhou. His uncle Shi Yu was very careful in choosing his teacher and hoped that he would be a good student. Later Shi ran Zhang went to Jing county to study under Zhang Xiancheng.

In the seventh year of Chongzhen (1634), Shi Runzhang married Mei and went home to study. He was weak, but he was determined and worked hard. There was a poem: "when he got sick and married, his livelihood became poor. The cold curtain is bright, and the wall is lined with books. " My uncle also often gave me instructions. At this time, under the guidance of his teacher and uncle, Shi Runzhang studied hard and made great progress in his knowledge, poetry and prose. At the same time, he actively prepared for the imperial examination. So he went to study again, first from Shen gengyan, then from zhouluxi, Jinsha, which laid a solid foundation for his later success in the examination. At the same time, he also won many awards, such as Yu Gengzhi and zhouluxi People's praise.

In the 11th year of Chongzhen period (1638), Yu Zhen, then Xuancheng county magistrate, highly appreciated and encouraged Shi Runzhang. Three years later, Yu Ding Qian left his post. He passed Shuangxi to say goodbye to Shi Runzhang and said to him with tears streaming down his face, "you don't have to worry about becoming famous. Unfortunately, I can't see that day." Shi Runzhang has been in contact with him for many years, and he also feels that he has a lot of experience.

In 1645, Shi ran Zhang took part in the Taoist examination and made up for his doctoral students. Later, he took part in the county examination, ranking first and second, and was known to be a scholar of politics in Jiangbei.

In August of the third year of Shunzhi (1646), Shi Runzhang took part in the local examination again. He won the 18th place with excellent results in Yijing first and Yi fourth. He was known by Tian benpei, the same examiner, Changzhou county magistrate of Suzhou Prefecture, Zhang Duan, the chief examiner, and LV chonglie, the Deputy examiner. After that, Shi Runzhang's articles spread rapidly and became famous when he was a boy.

In the spring of 1647, Shi Runzhang, a 30-year-old, went to the Ministry of rites for an examination.

A new official career

In the spring of 1649, Shi Runzhang took part in the ceremony examination, ranking 192. He then took part in the palace examination, ranking 26th in the top two. He was told that Yu Hanlin academy reviewed Liu Zefang and others, and was on probation in the Ministry of punishment. Before long, Shi Runzhang returned to his hometown Shuangxi to recuperate because of his poor health. When he got home, his uncle Shi Yu heard the news of his success. He wept with joy and said to him, "it's a pity that your father didn't have time to see your success."

In the spring of the eighth year of Shunzhi (1651), Shi Runzhang set out from home to take office in Beijing. At that time, the Qing government initially stabilized the Central Plains and sent envoys to Amnesty the world, but there was no special envoy at that time. In the autumn of the same year, Shi Runzhang was sent to Guilin, Guangxi, as the head of the Ministry of punishment. He went back to Xuancheng to visit his family. In the winter, he passed Wuhu and went up Jiangxi. Guangxi has a long way to go, the world war is not extinguished, the water and land roads are blocked, but the imperial court asked him to return within a year, Shi Runzhang through several twists and turns to arrive in Guilin the next year. Although he had a hard journey, he did not disgrace the mission of the imperial court.

In the ninth year of Shunzhi (1652), after arriving in Guilin, Shi Runzhang saw Kong Youde, king of Dingnan, according to the imperial edict. In the past, the imperial court ordered envoys to return because of the chaos of troops. Shi Runzhang was lucky to arrive this time. Therefore, the king of the South gave him a warm reception and insisted that Shi Runzhang visit his hospital. Shi Runzhang repeatedly said, "I'm here as an envoy because of my duty. There's no reason to be a tourist." Kong Youde was not happy: "I heard that you were a famous person before, so I'm entertaining you now. How can I make peace with other people?" Then he explained: "you send letters to the counties according to the edict. According to the custom, you can't finish your work until the officials of the counties return the report. Now the counties and prefectures of Guangxi are far away from each other, and they can't all be delivered in a few months. Why do we have to wait? " Considering that there was no house in Guilin at that time, Shi Runzhang followed Kong Youde's idea and went down the Lijiang River to visit Pingle and Wuzhou to appreciate the landscape of Guilin. Then he went back to Duanzhou, Guangdong Province (today's Zhaoqing) and Guangzhou government (today's Guangzhou). When he returned to Pingle in July, Shi Runzhang heard that Li Dingguo, the general of the Southern Ming Dynasty, was besieged by Guilin city and Kong Youde had committed suicide. In desperation, he turned from Pingle to the East, hid in anonymity, and mixed up with business travel to Shaozhou (now Guangdong < / I > < I > Shaoguan < / I >) < / I >, and returned to Xuancheng in Jiangxi Province in the winter. After returning home, his grandmother died, and he kept the system at home. Until the 12th year of Shunzhi (1655), Hu Guangsi of the Ministry of punishment was in charge in September, and he was promoted to wailang of the Ministry of punishment in October.

The official calendar of Lu and Gan

In the 13th year of Shunzhi (1656), Shi Runzhang took part in the imperial examination and ranked first. He was promoted to Shandong as a scholar. He was honored as a "Bingjian" for "advocating elegance and dethroning floating". At that time, the "four famous scholars" admired his name and "those who took responsibility for his career had no illusory days", "Runzhang responded to it one by one, many of them were tired" and "the scholars returned to his door with this benefit". In his five years in Jinan, he wrote many poems about Jinan scenery.

In the 18th year of Shunzhi (1661), Shi Runzhang was transferred to be the Chief Secretary of Jiangxi Province to participate in the deliberation and guard the West Lake Road. As soon as he was in office, he went to the people to learn about the people's situation. He found that the peasants were unable to pay the grain and were forced to steal. He wrote poems such as songs of persuading the people to worry about the public and a journey to the west of the lake to persuade them. He also traversed the mountains and rivers in the west of the lake, visited the people's sufferings, and wrote poems such as "Da Kai Tan" and "Zhu Yuan Kai" to reflect the people's living conditions, hoping that the provincial governors would pay attention to them. He wrote in "Da Kai Tan" that "the killing tax has not been paid, and it hurts my heart to come back late Su Fu is tired and hard to bear. People are stubborn, officials are clumsy, and vegetarians are ashamed of official precepts. " He wrote in "zhuyuanyi": "widows alone, scattered in a lonely village. In the most difficult years of life, you can find wandering souls in the earth. " These poems truly reflect the suffering of the people, represent the voice of the people, and are loved by the local people.

Lay off from office

In 1667, the Qing government abolished the Taoist emissary and Shi Runzhang was dismissed. The local people in the west of the lake repeatedly refused to stay, so the local government raised funds to establish Longgang academy to commemorate his virtue. When it comes to the day of farewell, "my father and I burn incense together, weeping for tens of miles.". After his resignation, Shi ran Zhang lived a leisurely life, touring Jiangsu and Zhejiang, experiencing Southern Jiangxi, climbing Songluo, and facing Huangshan. He created a lot of famous travel notes. In his ten years of leisure life, Shi Runzhang devoted himself to serving his uncle Shi Yu. He had no intention of official career. When he was called up by the imperial court, he could not say he was ill.

In the summer of the tenth year of Kangxi (1671), Shi Runzhang, 54 years old, was forced into the capital of Buguan by the Ministry. Because his uncle was old, he asked to leave and return home.

Restart the official tour

In the 18th year of Kangxi (1679), the Qing government began to study Confucianism. Li Fu, Du Lide and Feng Pu, the cabinet bachelor, first recommended Shi Runzhang. Shi Runzhang still said he should not be ill. Or his uncle repeatedly advised him: "this is the son of heaven's special kindness. Even if your father is still there, he will not allow you to stay at home." Shi Runzhang left home and went north. After examination, he ranked the fourth in the second class, and was awarded the lecture of Imperial Academy and compiled the history of Ming Dynasty. During this period, Shi Runzhang put forward his own view of history compilation by writing two books, xiushiyi and xiumingshishu with friends.

In 1681, when Shi Runzhang was sixty-four years old, he was in the Museum of history in spring and summer, and in autumn he was the official examiner of Henan provincial examination. He went back to his hometown to visit his relatives in winter and immediately went north.

In the spring of the 22nd year of Kangxi (1683), Shi Runzhang was promoted to serve as the editor of Emperor Taizong shengxun. On June 13 (August 5, 1683), he died in Jingdi at the age of 66. Winter ten

Chinese PinYin : Shi Run Zhang