Shi Jianwu

Shi Jianwu

Shi Jianwu (AD 780-861), the word Dongzhai, No. qizhenzi. In 820 A.D., Emperor Xianzong of the Tang Dynasty promoted Jinshi and was later named the number one scholar. He was also the first number one scholar in Hangzhou. He was born in Tongxian Township, Fenshui County, muzhou Prefecture, Tang Dynasty (now Dongqiao Town, Fuyang District, Hangzhou City). He was under the jurisdiction of Fenshui County in Tang Dynasty and was later assigned from Fenshui county. In the period of the Republic of China, it belonged to Fenshui. In 1961, the former administrative regions of Fuyang and Xindeng counties and the Xiande commune in Fenshui were merged and replaced (Fuyang county). He is a historical legend who is a poet, a Taoist, and the first pioneer in Penghu, Taiwan.

In his early years, he studied in wuyunshan, Longmen and other places. In the 15th year of Yuanhe (820 A.D.), he was a Jinshi. He knew that he was the 13th person in Taitang disharmony Fu and Zaochun Maoxue poem by Li Jianshi, the Shaoqing of Taichang. However, he was indifferent to fame and wealth, and he would return to the East if he didn't wait for an official. Before leaving, Zhang Ji and other famous scholars wrote poems for it, and it was said that it was a rhyme. After returning home, they admired the west mountain of Hongzhou (now Xinjian County in Jiangxi Province) as the place where the ancient twelve immortals emerged. They built a seclusion room and devoted themselves to practicing Taoism and alchemy. In his later years, he led the people across the sea to avoid chaos and settled in the Penghu Islands, which was the pioneer of the mainland people in developing Pengchao.

During the period of Dazhong Xiangfu in the Northern Song Dynasty, there was another monk Shi Jianwu, whose name was Xisheng and his name was huayangzi. His works include the true story of the fairies in the Xishan mountains and the collection of Zhonglv's preaching.

General situation

Shi Jianwu was poor when he was a child. He was not afraid of hard work. He went to the mountain every day to read and write. He was awarded the number one scholar in the palace examination of Tang, yuan and ten years. In the 13th year of Tang Dynasty (859 AD), the world was in chaos. Shi Jianwu led his people to Penghu by wooden boat. After many days of wandering, they finally settled here. He also brought the advanced mode of production and agricultural production technology of the mainland there, and joined the local people in production and labor to develop the treasure island. It is praised as "the pioneer of developing Penghu".

Shi Jianwu lived with his poems all his life. His poems and Taoist works are very rich. There are ten volumes of his poetry collection xishanji handed down from generation to generation. One hundred and fifty-one of his poems are included in the poetry collection of ten thousand quatrains of the Tang Dynasty. Later generations commented that his poems are "novel and magnificent, high in style like pottery, rhyme like thanks, and his character should not be inferior to that of Li and Du.".

In addition, Shi Jianwu, who was born in Dazhong Xiangfu period in the Northern Song Dynasty, was named huayangzi with the name of Xisheng. He wrote "the true story of Xishan group of immortals", "Taibai classic", "explanation of Huangdi Yinfu classic" and "Zhonglv zhuandao collection".

Life of the characters

Shi Jianwu (780-861), a Jinshi in the 15th year of Yuanhe (820 AD), was born in Shijia village, Tongxian Township, Fenshui County, muzhou Prefecture, Tang Dynasty (now Xiande village, Dongqiao Town, Fuyang District, Hangzhou City). He was a famous poet, Taoist and the first person to develop Penghu in the Tang Dynasty. In 820, the 15th year of emperor mu Zonghe of Tang Dynasty, he became the first Jinshi. In his youth, he once formed Donglin poetry club with his fellow poets. Donglin is located in zhongtangfan of Guangling, 35 Li west of Xindeng city. It has steep mountains and luxuriant forests. It has beautiful scenery. In the Five Dynasties, it built a hermit courtyard, later changed into Jingyan temple, and in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was rebuilt into Zhongtang temple. Most of the poems of Donglin poetry society have been lost. Shi Jianwu's "tour of Donglin" is the only one left in Daoguang Xindeng county annals. It's autumn when the fire blows fiercely and the cloud floats fiercely. It's not late when the guests come to Donglin. The pines and the wind are boiling at the top of the mountain. After entering the Tao, he was called qizhenzi. In the middle of Changqing (821-824), he was hidden in the Xishan Mountain of Hongzhou (in today's Nanchang, Jiangxi Province) to learn from the Immortals (or "Wenzong Taihe Zhong came to Xishan Mountain from Yanling to visit Taoism"). In the book with Xu Ning, he said that "although the servant was lucky to be famous, he knew that his life was poor, so he lived in the mysterious gate and cultivated his nature. With the support of Lai Xiansheng, although he was late in life, he was spared Longzhong, and his income was nothing more than that. ". In the preface of shulingxiang, it is also called "Mu Dao for a long time" and "San Jing Jing Jing" is used to practice the method of "San Jing Guan". On the first day of the first month of the third year of Kaicheng (838), "close the door to self-study, do not hand in personnel", and then "all three should". He is the author of ten volumes of Xishan collection and more than 100 poems about leisure. Quantangwen includes the formula of health preservation (or the theory of health preservation), and quantangshi also includes his poems. The theory of health preservation can also be found in daoshu.

Shi Jianwu is the first number one scholar in Hangzhou. He is a historical figure who is a poet, a Daoist, and the first folk pioneer in Taiwan.

According to the three surviving genealogies of Shi Family in Dong'an and various historical records, among Shi Jianwu's ancestors, there were many high-ranking officials, such as Wang Qing, Shang Shu, Tai Wei, and general. Shi's surname is Ji, a descendant of Duke Zhou. Bo Qin, the fourth son of Duke Zhou, was enfeoffed to Lu (today's Shandong), known as Duke Hui of Lu. His son Wei was also enfeoffed in Wuxing (today's Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province). This is the origin of the surname Shi. Shi Jianwu is the 44th generation of the Shi family.

So, why did Shi Jianwu's grandfather move from the prosperous Wuxing to the border area of Xincheng and Fenshui, and he was a sparsely populated remote mountain?

According to Shi's genealogy, the new and old history of Tang Dynasty and Zizhi Tongjian, there are only two versions

First, a rare famine occurred in Wuxing in the Mid Tang Dynasty, and the people fled everywhere. Shi Jianwu's grandfather used a pair of bamboo baskets with his father Shi Guangguo at one end and his aunt at the other. He fled all the way from Wuxing to the junction of Fenshui county and Xincheng County. Seeing the beautiful scenery, fertile land and few people, he decided to settle in Xialei. There are many doubts about this. First of all, Shi's ancestors were a wealthy family. In Wuxing, a land of fish and rice, even if there was a rare famine, they should be able to survive. Moreover, even if you want to migrate, you don't need to settle in such a "no matter" area.

The second version is related to the shusheren in Shi banglun's official calendar. At that time, Shangguan Wan'er was the "female prime minister" of the dynasty. When Shangguan Wan'er was 14 years old, she was used by Empress Wu because of her intelligence and good writing skills. She was in charge of the imperial court for many years. According to the new history of the Tang Dynasty, "Sanqi often served Ma Qinke with medical skills, while Guanglu Shaoqing Yang was good at cooking, and they all went to Gongye. Fortunately, empress Wei was afraid that things would be different. Princess Anle wanted empress Wei to face the court, and she was the Empress Dowager. She conspired with each other to inject poison into the cake. At the noon of June, Zhongzong collapsed in the Dragon hall." According to Zizhitongjian, after the restoration of emperor Zhongzong in the first year of Shenlong (705), Shangguan Wan'er, Princess Taiping and empress Wei were favored to draft imperial edicts. In the fourth year of Jinglong (710), Zhongzong collapsed. Empress Wei wanted to follow Empress Wu and become emperor. Li Longji, the king of Linzi, led Yulin soldiers to rush into the palace, killed empress Wei and his party members, launched a coup, killed empress Wei, Princess Anle and Shangguan Waner, and established his father Tang Ruizong as emperor.

Shi banglun, the great grandfather of Shi Zhuangyuan, was a scholar of the Middle Kingdom. Therefore, his grandfather was afraid of getting involved, so he took his family to settle down in Xiande's "three no care" Shanwu. The secret is self-evident. But there are also doubts about this. For example, there is no saying in the old history of the Tang Dynasty that empress Wei, Princess Anle and the imperial doctor conspired to poison Tang Zhongzong.

The dispute over hometown

As for where Shi Jianwu's former residence is, there is a story of "two county magistrate contending for the number one scholar" handed down from generation to generation.

It is said that after Shi Jianwu won the first place in senior high school, Xincheng County and Fenshui County sent powerful yamen officers to inquire about the news of the arrival of the Beijing Herald. The two sides have different opinions and will never give in to each other.

So, why did the two county magistrates so deliberately fight for the Shi champion? Originally, in order to encourage more talents from all over the country, the imperial court made a rule that every county with the highest ranking in high school could be promoted to three levels in a row, and the people in that county could be exempted from tax for three years as a reward. As a result, the two prefectures did not give in to each other and kept fighting.

Later, it was the emperor who was the peacemaker until the palace of Beijing. The two prefects were promoted, and the people in the two counties were exempt from tax.

So, how does the saying that Shi Zhuangyuan's hometown is in Xincheng County come from? According to the records of Nanxin County in the period of Taiping and rejuvenating the country, "Tang Tianyou bingyinsui (906) (King Qian) ge Nanxin township (today's Wanshi, Nan'an, Nanxin), Ningshan township (today's Dongqiao town), Guangling township (today's Sanxi township), Xindeng township (today's Xukou town except Bangkan and Xukou) and Tongyan Township belong to Lin'an County."

According to the annals of Xincheng County by Wanli of Ming Dynasty, "Nanxin Town, 50 Li west of the county, is Nanxin township. It used to be Nanxin County, originally located in the east of Fenshui County, Jiande Road, and later belongs to Xincheng County."

According to the map of Xincheng County in Lin'an annals by Xianchun of Song Dynasty, Xinan township (i.e. Nanan Township now, most of the former Tongxian township) belongs to Xincheng. In the map of Xincheng County annals of Wanli in Ming Dynasty, Tongxian township of Central Plains (such as Shibi village, shangshijia village, Yejia village, etc.) is also within the jurisdiction of Xincheng County.

It can be confirmed from the above records that Tongxian Township, originally located in the east of Fenshui County, was later delimited from the territory of Fenshui County, initially belonged to Lin'an County, and later belonged to Linxian County

Xincheng County

This is the origin of the saying that Shi Jianwu was born in Xincheng County. However, even so, the meaning of history is based on its specific time, specific region and historical events. Many local records still record that Shi Jianwu was the Fenshui man of muzhou in Tang Dynasty. So we say that Shi Jianwu was the Fenshui man of muzhou in Tang Dynasty, which was the case before, now and in the future. His original native place and historical roots can not be changed due to the change of administrative region later .

As a result of Shi Zhuangyuan, Fenshui county changed the name of the township where Shi Jianwu's family once lived to Zhaoxian township. Xincheng County also changed the name of the township where Shi Jianwu lived to Zhaode township. Later, the administrative division was changed, and the two townships were merged into one township. The name of the township was taken from each of the two townships, which was called Xiande township. Shi Zhuangyuan family once planted the field of that fan, we also renamed Shi gongfan, these names have been used.

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