Shi Lang

Shi Lang

Shi Lang

(1621-1696), Chinese characters

your esteemed father

, No

Zhuo Gong

He was born in Yakou village, Longhu Town, Jinjiang City, Fujian Province. His ancestral home was Gushi, Henan Province. He was a military strategist in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties and an important general in the early Qing Dynasty.

Shi Lang was the Ministry of Zheng Zhilong in his early years, and he came down to the Qing Dynasty with Zheng Zhilong in 1646 (the third year of Shunzhi). Soon he joined Zheng Chenggong's anti Qing uprising brigade and became Zheng Chenggong's right-hand assistant. Zeng De, Zheng Chenggong's subordinate, once offended Shi lang. Shi Lang offended Zheng Chenggong by killing Zeng De, and Zheng Chenggong killed Shi Lang's father and brother. Due to the great hatred that his family members were killed by Zheng Chenggong, Shi Lang again came down to the Qing Dynasty. After surrendering to the Qing Dynasty, Shi Lang was appointed Deputy General of Tong'an of the Qing army. Soon after, he was promoted to General of Tong'an and commander-in-chief of Fujian Navy. In 1681 (the 20th year of Kangxi), Emperor Kangxi adopted Li Guangdi's advice and granted Shi Lang the commander of Fujian Navy. Shi Lang actively prepared to attack Taiwan. In 1682 (the 21st year of Kangxi), Emperor Kangxi decided to attack Taiwan and ordered Shi Lang and Fujian governor Yao Qisheng to forge ahead with Penghu and Taiwan. In June 1683 (the 22nd year of Kangxi), Shi Lang led the navy of Qing army to win the Penghu naval battle against Taiwan Navy. Shangshu called on the Qing government to garrison Taiwan, set up a government to manage it, and strongly advocated the preservation and protection of Taiwan. He was granted the title of Marquis of Jinghai for his meritorious service.

In 1696 (the 35th year of Kangxi), Shi Lang passed away and was granted a posthumous title

XiangZhuang

As a gift to the crown prince. After his death, Shi Lang was buried with his wives Wang and Huang. There are Jinghai Marquis's house and Shi's ancestral hall in Quanzhou City. In the eastern suburb of Tong'an, youjiguang tongzhufang is now a cultural relic protection unit in Fujian Province. (overview chart source)

Life of the characters

General Zheng

Shi Lang is a native of Yakou, Longhu Town, Jinjiang, Quanzhou, Fujian Province. His ancestral home is Fangji Town, Gushi County, Henan Province. Shi Bing, the ancestor of the Shi family, was a judge in the Gaozong period of the Southern Song Dynasty. In 1163 (the first year of Longxing), Shi Dazhuang (now Qingfeng Village, guolutan town), Gushi County, Guangzhou, Henan Province, crossed into Fujian and became the ancestor of the Shi family of xunheai. Shi Lang was born in a peasant family. His grandfather was relatively well-off. When his father Shi Da Xuan came, he began to decline. However, Shi Da Xuan was righteous and benevolent, so he had a good reputation in the countryside. Shi Lang Sheng had a big face and a wide forehead. Shi Da Xuan thought that this was a noble prime minister, so he strictly disciplined Shi Lang and hoped that he would become a marquis in the future.

In his youth, Shi Lang failed to learn calligraphy, so he gave up learning sword. He learned the art of war from his teacher. He was proficient in all kinds of art of war and had both wisdom and courage. Make Shi Lang full of confidence. Taking a comprehensive view of Shi Lang's life, he reveals his self-confidence. Shi Lang joined the army at the age of 17 and was the general of Zheng Zhilong. When it comes to fighting, he must be the first to take the lead and make contributions repeatedly.

Later, he took the post of left vanguard under Zheng Chenggong's department and followed Zheng Chenggong to fight against the Qing Dynasty. Zheng Chenggong treated him very well. He regarded him as his right-hand man and treated him with great courtesy. He had to discuss military affairs and confidential matters with him.

Between lowering and inversion

In 1646 (the third year of Shunzhi), the commander-in-chief of the Qing army BOLUO used Zheng Zhilong's reputation to recruit and surrender his old troops. "According to Zheng's orders, Wu Yibo Shifu, Hai Chengbo Zheng Zhibao, and ten general soldiers were sent to the Qing Dynasty. When Li Chengdong was transferred from Fujian and Zhejiang to Guangdong, Shi Fu led Shi Lang, Liang Li, etc. and 5000 soldiers and horses to fight against the "Pirates" in Shunde county and suppressed zhangjiayu's anti Qing volunteers in Dongguan and Zengcheng areas. According to the biography of the stele, "after undertaking important affairs, he came out of eastern Guangdong from Haidao, conquered and conquered, and became the leader of the army of the Yue family.". Due to Li Chengdong's discrimination against the southern soldiers, he said in his memorial that Shi Lang and other officers and soldiers brought from Fujian were "extremely vulnerable and have no capital to fight and defend" and even waited for the opportunity to be cut off and disbanded. Shi Fu, Shi Lang, Huang ting and others live a life of dependence on others. They swallow their pride and feel that they are underappreciated for their achievements.

In 1648 (the fifth year of Shunzhi), Fujian generals followed Li Chengdong to fight against Qing Dynasty and restore Ming Dynasty. Shi Lang was intrigued by Hao Shangjiu, the Minister of Li Chengdong, on his way back to Fujian Province. "The public found out what happened, rushed to Raoping (today's east of Chaozhou City, Guangdong Province), stood at Yueyue, broke through the encirclement, and fought and went. He left his younger brother Zhaolian and Zhaoxu in the dead army." he reluctantly dragged his way to Huanggang town at the junction of Guangdong and Fujian to join Zheng Chenggong. He became the most young, well-informed and effective general under Zheng Chenggong's command.

In 1651 (the eighth year of Shunzhi), Shi Lang followed Zheng Chenggong to the king of Nan'ao, Guangdong. Later, Shi Lang and Zheng Chenggong objected to the strategy of "giving up water and land, and raising military pay by plagiarism". Zheng Chenggong was very unhappy and cut off military power, so that Shi Lang returned to Xiamen as a leisure person. When Ma Degong of Qing army attacked Xiamen, Zheng Zhiguan, the chief general of Zheng army who was guarding Xiamen, fled the city in panic. At that time, Shi Lang personally led more than 60 people around him to resist the Qing army and killed the Qing army Ma Degong, the younger brother of General Ma Degong, was almost captured alive. The defeated general of the Qing army fled Xiamen in a panic. Zheng Chenggong, who was in Nan'ao, felt that it was impossible for him to continue to go south, so he had to return to Xiamen.

Clear again

In 1651 (the eighth year of Shunzhi), Shi Lang led ten soldiers to fight hard when the Qing army boarded Xiamen Island. Zheng Chenggong returned to Xiamen to reward him for his contributions and awarded him two hundred taels of silver. On the surface, rewards and punishments are clear, but Zheng Chenggong is wary of Shi Lang's arrogance and domineering. Although Zheng Chenggong affirmed his contributions to the Qing army in Xiamen, he refused to return his military power. When Shi Lang was in Guangdong, he tactfully drew Zheng Chenggong's attention to the danger of weak rear forces after the main force moved westward. Zheng Chenggong had to agree and released his military power. In Shi Lang's opinion, his suggestions on the general military strategy have been proved correct by facts. After he was sent back to Xiamen, he bravely fought against the Qing soldiers regardless of his personal safety. He was full of the idea that Zheng Chenggong would resume his left vanguard position after his return. Unexpectedly, after returning to Xiamen, Zheng Chenggong did not let him return to his original post. Shi Lang was very dissatisfied and reported to Chenggong that he was disheartened and wanted to be a monk in order to detect Chenggong's attitude towards him. The success is not moved, ask him to recruit another troops to form Qianfeng town. Shi Lang saw that it was hard to recover. In a fit of anger, he shaved his hair and stopped seeing Zheng Chenggong.

In 1652 (the ninth year of Shunzhi), the zengde incident led to an open break between Shi Lang and Zheng Chenggong. Since Zheng Zhilong's fall to the Qing Dynasty, Zeng de seems to have little ambition and is controlled by Shi Lang in Zheng Chenggong's army. After Shi Lang was deprived of military power, Zeng de used his past relationship in the army of the Zheng family to serve as a close follower in the camp. That is to say, "relying on Zheng's intimacy, he fled to Zheng Suo.". After hearing the news, Shi Lang was very indignant and sent someone to capture Zeng de and behead him. Zheng Chenggong "Chi order not to kill", but Shi Lang ignored, "promote order to kill".

Zheng Chenggong saw Shi Lang kill Zheng's old general in violation of the order, and concluded that he was the opposite. On May 20, he gave a secret order to help suppress Huangshan in Youzhen Town, and arrested Shi Xian, Shi Lang's younger brother, in the name of discussing the military opportunity. At the same time, he ordered Huang Ting, the right pioneer, to lead soldiers to surround Shi Lang's house and arrest Shi Lang and his father Shi Daxuan. After being arrested, Shi Lang fled to the mainland under the cover and help of some cronies and local residents. Zheng Chenggong was furious when he learned that Shi Lang had fled to the jurisdiction of the Qing Dynasty

Shi Daxuan and Shi Xianchu

. When Shi Lang learned that his father and younger brother had been killed, he hated Zheng Chenggong to the bone. He devoted himself to the Qing Dynasty and was determined to be the enemy of Zheng.

Serving in the Qing Dynasty

In 1656 (the 13th year of Shunzhi), Shi Lang attacked Fuzhou with Dingyuan general Ji Du of Qing Dynasty, and was granted the post of deputy general of Tong'an. Later, when he was in office in Beijing, he was very poor, and depended on his wife to be a needlework tailor in Beijing.

In 1659 (the 16th year of Shunzhi), Shi Lang was promoted to General of Tong'an by the Qing government. In 1662 (the first year of Kangxi), Shi Lang was promoted to be the commander of Fujian Navy. He sent troops to defeat Zheng Jing's army attacking Haicheng and wrote to the Qing government to bring Taiwan into the territory of the Qing Dynasty. Finally, he won the support of Emperor Kangxi. During this period, Zheng Chenggong died of illness in Taiwan, and Zheng Jingji became the prince of Yanping. After Zheng Jing succeeded Zheng Chenggong, there was internal conflict between Chen Yonghua (Zheng kezang's father-in-law) and Feng Xifan (Zheng Kelong's father-in-law). Zheng Jing, who was ill, handed over the government affairs to his eldest son, Zheng kezang. He was smart, capable, well-organized, never negligent, and loved and trusted by Zheng Jing. After Zheng Jing died of illness, Feng Xifan poisoned Zheng kezang and made Zheng Kelang, an 11-year-old puppet, king of Yanping. Feng Xifan was arbitrary, corrupt and perverted the law. In 1664 (the third year of the reign of Kangxi), Shi Lang suggested that the Qing Dynasty sent him to lead troops to recover Jinxia Xinsheng, prepare to attack Penghu and directly attack Taiwan, so as to unify the whole country and protect the border people.

In 1667 (the seventh year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi), after Kong Yuanzhang failed to appease Taiwan, Shi Lang immediately published the book "the Border disaster is suitable for Jingshu", and the next year he published the book "what Chen saw". He emphasized that Zheng Jing and other people should not be allowed to resist tenaciously and occupy Taiwan, but the five provinces and coastal areas were divided out of the boundary, which made the tax shortage in Southeast China and the people even poorer. He must quickly pacify Taiwan, reduce the local army, and restore the local economy In order to ensure the stability of the people's livelihood and the stability of the border areas, we should increase taxes. He analyzed the strength of both sides and pointed out that the total number of Taiwan's troops was less than 20000, and the size of the ships and soldiers was less than 200. The reason why they were able to occupy Taiwan was that the vast ocean provided them with security. There are more than 10000 officers and men in Fujian Navy. There are also a lot of officers and men who surrender to the Qing Dynasty and are controlled by the Navy. As long as 20000 strong troops are selected from them, Taiwan can be pacified. He advocated that both suppression and pacification should be carried out, and troops should be sent to Taiwan as soon as possible to avoid the legacy of raising tigers. Shi Lang's idea was attacked by the central conservative forces headed by aobai. The sea is dangerous and the wind is turbulent

Chinese PinYin : Shi Lang