Cheng Xiu

Cheng Xiu

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Yang Yunyou, named Chengxiu, also known as Huilin, is called Taoist of cloud, not called linxiafeng. Qiantang was a woman painter and ci writer in the late Ming Dynasty. It is also known as "poem, calligraphy and painting are the three most outstanding works in Xiling", "two kings of calligraphy", "Ming Dynasty painting record", "history of silent poetry" and so on.

There are no anthologies left in her works, and there are only three words handed down. Her paintings are valued by Dong Qichang, Chen Jiru and Liu Rushi.

Li Yu later wrote her far fetched in "the fate of love", and later misrepresented her as a biography.

personal works

The main works are Huixiang Museum collection, which has been lost. There are three words handed down by her

《

#NAME?

》：

Oriole sitting in the deep green poplar. There is no one passing through cangtaimen lane. The curtain is rolled to meet the light of the lake. Six bridges are busy. The flower calendar in Jintang is in disorder. The clouds hold the thunder peak dark. Touch Xu Fu Yao Qin. Cheng Huai's heart.

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Drunken flower shade

·Inscription:

The wind blows the rustle of langgan, and the woods are green in April. Looking at the lake and mountain, melancholy this spring, just warbler sound familiar.

Ever since the golden age, I have had enough gauze. Tingran like circuitous Chi, you Jian cold rattan, sparse tree yellow thatched house.

《

corn poppy

·Spring boudoir in the rain

A spring flower thing more frustrate, strange kill Lianyu. Plum shy apricot cry Begonia worry, worry about the peach blossom, resentment put the first floor.

He was angry with his wife, and the sound of the screen was clever. Listen to him slip dribble, drop broken step heart just afraid of cold spring.

Among them, her Bodhisattva is included in the sequel of Huifeng Cihua.

San Kan is included in Xu Naichang's "little Tan Luan room girl CI Chao" and "Zhong Xiang Ci" edited by Xu Shumin and Qian Yue.

Calligraphy and painting evaluation

Dong Qichang and Chen Jiru all value her very much. When commenting on her, they usually juxtapose her with Lin tiansu. For example, Dong Qichang judged Lin tiansu according to the difference between the north and the south of Zen Buddhism. He thought that Lin tiansu was like "North sect wolunji" and Yang Yunyou was like "South sect huinengji", which is similar to the famous Bodhi and Mingjing case of Zen Buddhism. Compared with Lin and Yang, there is no doubt that Yang Yunyou's painting realm is better, and the labels of "I see the end" and "almost beyond measure" have already been established. (Dong Qichang's Rong Tai Ji Ba Lin Xia Feng Hua, 1599)

Huang Junling (Huang Jie, Huang Yuanjie), a female historian in Hezhong, commented in the 21st "rolling curtain" of the legend "yizhongyuan": "Xiao Ren's painting and concealed taste is Yunyou's long skill in life." His painting "a small scene of a broken bridge" has its own postscript and poem: "in winter, I ascend Suixi nunnery, because I write a small scene of a broken bridge. After many years, I have never seen the lake and mountain again. It is so heavy that I can see the moon in Xiling. The wind and the moon are as good as they are today, and the sky should open up for me. " (Suixi nunnery is a cruise ship provided by Wang Ruming for Lin tiansu.)

Liu Rushi: "Weeping weeping weeping weeping weeping weeping weeping weeping weeping weeping weeping weeping weeping weeping weeping weeping weeping weeping weeping weeping weeping weeping weeping weeping weeping weeping weeping weeping weeping weeping weeping weeping weeping weeping weeping weeping weeping weeping weeping weeping weeping wee. However, with the talent of Yunyou and the chivalry of Mr. Wang, we can't help being extremely literate. Let's wait in the misty rain of a barren mountain, and let's cry bitterly. " (Liu Rushi's Liu Rushi's letters) this article uses the metaphor of weeding grass to lament the beauty's twilight. "But with Yang Yunyou's talent and Wang ranming's chivalrous spirit, even if she doesn't have an anthology, I have to write. Let me cry bitterly when I am in the barren mountains and in the misty rain. "

Dong Qichang just called Yunyou's painting "under the forest painting", while Liu Rushi even called Yunyou's painting "women's history". Women's history is the ancient name for women with high cultural accomplishment. Yang Yunyou's paintings are not ordinary boudoir women's embroidered paintings, nor ordinary ladies and talented women's paintings, but paintings with high cultural accomplishment. More than the general female history painting is: her painting has temperament, is the ancient so-called sad people's painting, such as Mengmeng spring water, swaying spirit.

Lin tiansu wrote a preface to Liu Rushi's bamboo slips, which is a brief introduction to Liu Rushi's bamboo slips: "in the past, I lived in Sihu (about 1621). Every time I saw the Ming Dynasty, I picked up the green embankment, nestled in the red boat, and wandered in the mountains and rivers, just like a yellow shirt hawk. When singing, there is a woman's history, and many people are gorgeous. Ten years later, I returned to the three mountains. However, Ming sent a scroll of paintings. He knew that Xiling was in company with Yang Yunyou, the man in the painting. Many people were jealous of him. Today, a piece of incense in my arms comes back. I send it to you in Liu Rushi's letters. There are thousands of words, which have gone through the Six Dynasties. There are a lot of people who are in love with CAI. However, Ming was tireless, and he was in the meditation room and scattered flowers. He walked along the river, but he didn't understand his admiration. In another ten years, who will follow the history of three poems and paintings? Add a story to the West Lake. I'm lucky to be named Qianzai cloud.

——The three mountains, the forest and the snow sky are written in the green rain Pavilion

Life contact

Wang Ran Ming (Wang Ru Qian) had a close contact with him. The general situation of Wang Ran Ming's contact with him is proved by "getting Yang Yun you's fan". Wang ranming asked Yang Yunyou to draw a fan when he was ill. Therefore, he was able to "open his face frequently in his illness"

Wang ranming's collection of listening to snow Xuan is specially written for Yang Yunyou. It includes Zhongchun, Dong Zhongquan's invitation to the bamboo garden, visiting Yang Yunyou's painting and listening to the piano, Wang Zhulan's taking Yunyou to Suixi nunnery, Dong Zhongquan's waiting for the boat, chronicle, passing Yunyou after the snow and seeing Yunyou's illness in late autumn.

Yang Yunyou got married later, and her husband was still the official she donated. But his life was very bad, and he soon died of depression. It seems that Yang's death was envied by others. (Mr. Chen Yibu came to the lake, heard about Yunyou's recent situation, wrote ten poems about Yang, and the rhyme of manhe's steps (4,9), "in late spring, Chen Shu often went over the lake to see Yunyou's paintings, and wrote essays to hurt them, because he felt the Fu" cherished and destroyed the eternal hatred, and thought of Fengshen as his legacy ", and" getting an official because of his wife is the fact of Yunyou's good man, and no one in Hangzhou knows it. ")

Yang Yunyou died in the winter of 1627. Wang Ran Ming Yi buried Yang in the west of Zhiguo temple. (sending Yunyou to his grave on the lake of Sui tomb, preface to the collection of Shenliao by Wang)

Zeng bochen painted a portrait of Yang Yunyou, entitled "view on the lake in spring, Zeng bochen's portrait of Yang Yunyou"

Wang Ran Ming tried his best to recommend Yang Yunyou's painting skills to his peers (for Yunyou's painting, "he has been writing for many years, and he has always been an old Longlin when he planted pine trees." Zhu Meigong is seventy years old). He also cherished the relics of Yang Yunyou's painting, and Qian people wrote postscripts. Of course, Yang Yunyou's life experience of "walking around the tree for three turns" and his state of mind and realm of "grinding bricks as mirrors" are not the golden soup of two or three gentlemen.

"Yang Yunyou's epitaph" introduces her life in this way: "Yang Yunyou's father died, filial piety to his mother. He is sincere in nature, and his mother is a widow in social intercourse. After the death of Yang Yunyou's father, she was filial to her mother. She had a good and prudent personality. She was the mother who came out to deal with people. She was easy to see no one. At that time, the literati and officials respected her very much.

Joking about history

record

According to Huang Jie's Yi Zhong Yuan Xu, Dong Kang's Qu Hai Zongmu abstract, and Liu Rushi's biography, the following contents should be made up by Li Yu, but later generations have misinterpreted them.

Cheng Xiu, named Yunyou, was born in Qiantang (now Hangzhou) in Ming Dynasty. Born in 1567.

According to Kuang Zhouyi's sequel to Huifeng Cihua, Volume II, etc

Before he got married, Cheng Xiu dabbled in books and biographies. He was good at six arts, piano, chess, singing and tea fighting. I especially like Dong Qichang's paintings and calligraphy in Yunjian (Songjiang Prefecture) and deliberately copy them. After many years of copying, almost every writing can be confused with the real. At the age of 22, they are not engaged. It is said that among the paintings and calligraphy handed down by Dong Qichang in the Qing Dynasty, some of them are her own.

In the spring of 1588 (the year of Wuzi), the calligrapher Dong Qichang (1555-1636) came to Hangzhou and stayed on the West Lake. He was surprised to see that Cheng Xiu had imitated many of his paintings and calligraphy. Some of his works could not be distinguished even by himself. After that, Wang Ran Ming (Wang Ru Qian), a conscription scholar, said that he was a matchmaker and married her to Yu Bu Xi Yuan (a boat on the West Lake). Cheng Xiu was 22 years old when she became Dong Qichang's wife. After they married Dong Qichang, they were quiet and composed into the legend of yizhongyuan.

The legendary marriage between Cheng Xiu and Dong Qichang in calligraphy and painting is also recorded in the marriage between Cheng Xiu and Dong Qichang in calligraphy and painting by Kuang Zhouyi.

textual research

In the fourth chapter of Liu Rushi's another biography, historian Chen Yinke thinks that Xu Shumin and Qian Yue's biographies are false.

One is that Dong Qichang was the Juren of Wuzi in the 16th year of Wanli (1588) and the Jinshi of Jichou in the 17th year (1589) Before that, Xuanzai (Dong Qichang) was not well-known. How could calligraphy and painting be imitated so much?

The second was Wang ranming (Wang Ruqian) who built a boat for Yuanhu in the third year of Tianqi (1623) It was 35 years ago from Wuzi (1588) of Wanli. Did Dong Cheng and his wife get married in a boat that had not yet been formed? There are many fallacies. After reading the drama "yizhongyuan" of mustard seed garden, the posterity did not understand that the relationship between Xuanzai and Yunyou was written by Li Weng (Li Yu) in the game. They believed that it was true. They could be called the clumsy people in the world.

Kuang Zhouyi's sequel to Huifeng Cihua doesn't explicitly say whether Cheng Xiu is Dong Qichang's wife or concubine, but Chen Shuiming's "Dong Qichang's wife Cheng Xiu" directly states that Cheng Xiu is Dong Qichang's wife.

"Thirty years ago, there were Lin tiansu and Yang Yunyou. He lived on the lake one after another and made use of the Danqing Bo money knife. Those who do good deeds always follow their door, that is, Dong Yuanzai Zongbo (Dong Qichang) and Chen Zhongchun Zhengjun (Chen Jiru). They also return to the cart and pass by. They praise and don't speak. They seek to be a swordsman but not a swordsman Li Weng Ya is good at writing CI. He heard that he had already done something. He said that Handan had no chance to be together, and the bride would join the army. He expresses his sympathy for talent and his coldness in love. Four people were invited to sing along with each other. He wrote a new romantic passage in pingzengyuan edition. So that the talent and beauty of the good fortune behind

Chinese PinYin : Cheng Xiu