Xu Junbao's wife

Xu Junbao's wife

Xu Junbao's wife was born in Yuezhou (now Yueyang, Hunan Province) at the end of the Southern Song Dynasty. She did not leave her name, but only left a unique poem "man Ting Fang". With its profound social content and strong artistic appeal, this poem has attracted the attention of later generations.

Life of the characters

In April 1275, Emperor Gong of the Southern Song Dynasty conquered Ali Haiya into Yuezhou, Hunan Province. In February of the next year, Hunan was occupied. Then Lin'an, the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, fell. In the chaos of war, Xu Junbao's wife, a certain family, was looted, escorted from Yuezhou to Hangzhou and detained in the former residence of Han Shizhong, a famous anti Jin general in the early Southern Song Dynasty. His wife is tough, beautiful and versatile. From the time she was captured, the commander of Yuanbing began to slander her. During thousands of miles of escorting, he wanted to insult her several times, but every time he was liberated by her clever tricks. However, "under the cover of the nest, is there a complete egg"? How much self-defense can an unarmed weak woman have when her country is broken and her family is trapped in the enemy? One day, when the enemy Marshal became angry and tried to commit rape, she said calmly, "when I sacrifice my husband, and then my wife, I will be angry." The enemy commander turned his anger into joy and agreed to her request. So she wrote a poem "man Ting Fang" on the wall with a pen, and then threw herself into the pool to die when people were unprepared.

Historical records

Tao Zongyi of the Ming dynasty recorded in the record of stopping farming: "the wife of Xu Junbao in Yuezhou, a certain family, was also taken captive to hang and lived in the house of Han Shizhong. From Yue to hang, the prime minister was thousands of miles away, and his masters wanted to commit several crimes, but eventually he got rid of them. Gai has a commanding posture, and the master can't bear to kill him. One day the LORD was very angry, and he was strong. Because he said, "it's not too late for me to be your wife. How angry you are! "The Lord is happy. That is to say, Yan makeup (Sheng makeup) burns incense, pays homage to the silent wishes, sobs in the south, and inscribes the word "man Ting Fang" on the wall, has been thrown into the pool to die. "

Ci works

Ci and Wen

Man Tingfang

In the Han Dynasty, people in the south of the Yangtze River were prosperous; in the Han Dynasty, there were still more people to publicize politics; and in the Han Dynasty, they were romantic. Green windows and red households, ten li rotten silver hook. Once the swords and soldiers are raised together, there will be a million banners. Long drive into, singing and dancing, wind volume falling flowers.

During the three hundred years of Qingping, we stopped sweeping the floor. Fortunately, this body is not north, still Hakka South state. Where is Xu Lang? Empty melancholy, meet for no reason. From now on, the soul of Yueyang Tower will be broken for thousands of miles.

notes

① Hanshang: generally refers to the area from the Han River to the Yangtze River.

② Jiangnan people: many talents of Song Dynasty.

③ Xuanzheng: Xuanhe and Zhenghe are the year names of Huizong in the Northern Song Dynasty. This is a guide to the cities and characters of the Song Dynasty, and also keeps the lingering charm of Huizong.

④ Ten mile rotten Silver Hook: rotten is bright, silver hook is silver curtain hook. The Han Dynasty is still prosperous.

⑤ Chen: a legendary beast, here refers to the enemy soldiers

⑥ Fengjuan Luohua: it means that the yuan army occupied Lin'an and the Southern Song Dynasty perished, just like fengjuan Luohua, without any pity.

⑦ Three hundred years: from the founding of the Northern Song Dynasty to the end of the Southern Song Dynasty. This is an integer.

⑧ Nanzhou: the south, here refers to the author himself is still keeping his virginity, not to shame his husband.

⑨ Xu Lang: after Chen's death, Xu Deyan and his wife Princess Lechang separated, each carrying half of the broken mirror, and agreed that if they could meet in the future, they would take the mirror as a letter. See "the poem of ability" of the Tang Dynasty. The author's husband is also surnamed Xu, so he uses this allusion.

⑩ Yueyang Tower: on the Bank of Dongting Lake in Yueyang, Hunan Province, the author is from Yueyang. Because the fallen leaves return to their roots, the author believes that her soul can return to her hometown after death.

Explanation of words

The whole word is divided into four parts, each with five sentences.

The first paragraph: "prosperity in Han Dynasty Ten li rotten silver hook. " The author starts from the recollection and writes about the prosperous scene before the subjugation of the Southern Song Dynasty.

The second paragraph: "once the swordsmen are raised together The wind makes the flowers sad. " The article describes the invasion of the enemy and the fall of the country.

The third paragraph. "Three hundred years of Qingping Utah. " Write about the great disaster of national destruction.

In the fourth paragraph, "where is Xu Lang Yueyang Tower every night. " It expresses the memory of her husband and shows her determination to commit suicide.

Commentary

The author of this word is a woman who was plundered and died unyielding by the yuan army. In the poem, it is first written that the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty was prosperous, there were many talented people, and the national strength was relatively rich; but when the yuan army invaded the South and drove straight in, it was as if the wind was falling and the flowers were unable to resist, which made people hate it.

Here's what happened to you. Sighing that her husband did not know her whereabouts, so she had no chance to see her again before she died. I can't live in my hometown. After death, my soul still yearns here. The whole poem is full of bitterness and sorrow, expressing the sentimental attachment to the family and country and the sincere love for her husband, which is really touching.

She was captured to Hangzhou by Yuan soldiers and placed in Hanqi palace. From Yuezhou to Hangzhou, she had been violated several times, and she was able to get rid of it. The master couldn't bear to kill her because she was beautiful. Finally one day, the master was very angry and wanted to use strong words. Xu's clever words were to sacrifice her husband first and then marry her. After changing make-up and burning incense, the sacrificial ceremony was finished, and the lyrics were written on the wall, so they were thrown into the big pool to die.

"The prosperous Han Dynasty, Jiangnan figures, Shangyi xuanzheng romantic.". This word is written in memory of the Southern Song Dynasty. In the Han Dynasty, it refers to the Jianghan River Valley, which is the hometown of female poets. Jiangnan refers to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The city is prosperous and the people are like clouds. The prosperity of a country. The Southern Song civilization originated from the Northern Song Dynasty. Xuan and Zheng refer to Zhenghe and Xuanhe years of the Northern Song Dynasty. "The green window, the red household, the ten mile rotten Silver Hook". Thousands of miles long street, Lianyun high-rise, Zhuhu green window, curtain hook silver.

"Once the swords and soldiers are raised together, there will be a million banners." Chen, in the name of beast, refers to the aggressor. Here refers to the yuan soldiers committed to the south, such as the potential of the flood. In 1274 (the tenth year of Xianchun), the soldiers of Yuan Dynasty separated from Xiangyang and soon broke Ezhou in the East. In March of 1275 (the first year of Germany), Yuezhou was sunk into the south, "the long drive, the singing and dancing pavilions, the wind rolling and the flowers falling." The Mongolian soldiers who drove straight in occupied the prosperous and beautiful Jiangnan of Han Dynasty, like a storm sweeping the fallen flowers. From the beginning, he wrote about the prosperity of the Southern Song Dynasty civilization. With a change of writing style, he wrote about the invasion of the soldiers of the Yuan Dynasty, "the wind rolled and the flowers fell", which expressed the poet's endless sorrow for the country's destruction and the humiliation of his own captivity.

The poetess wrote about the great historical and cultural tragedy of the Song Dynasty with broad tolerance and excellent insight. Her writing ability is extraordinary, which also shows the thinking orientation of the poetess. When the poetess wrote this word, she had been exiled to Lin'an. The scene of Lin'an being trapped, which is shocking and sad, can be imagined. "Three hundred years of Qingping" extended from the Southern Song Dynasty to the southern and Northern Song dynasties. The four words of "ancient and cultural relics" embody the female poets' reflection and treasure of the Song Dynasty's history and culture. These four words refer to the whole culture of the Song Dynasty. The Northern Song Dynasty died in Nuzhen, the Southern Song Dynasty died in Mongolia, splendid culture for three hundred years, now "sweeping all rest"! The last stroke of the poetess is the portrayal of the historical and cultural tragedy.

The following is the tragedy of one's fate. "Fortunately, I am not in the north, but in the south.". As far as its deep meaning is concerned, we should be glad that we have not been insulted before our death, and that we have preserved our innocence, which is enough to comfort ourselves and our country. It's really awe inspiring to read this word. A weak woman, can still be in captivity after thousands of miles, not ordinary people! His last words were calm again, and his bearing was extraordinary.

"Where is Xu Lang? Empty melancholy, no reason to meet. By borrowing the allusion of Xu Deyan and his wife Princess Lechang breaking the mirror when Chen died in the Southern Dynasty, this paper describes the tragic fate of Xu Junbao and her husband, who died when Yuezhou city was broken, and expresses the deep nostalgia for her husband. Xu Lang refers to Xu Junbao by Xu Deyan. With the same surname and the same fate, the use of allusions is exquisite, and you can see your wisdom. Xu Deyan and his wife are still reunited after breaking the mirror, but their couple's death has been decided. Therefore, the female poets use this classic, the pain of the situation is more than a hundred times. Where is Xu Lang? Life and death two boundless, how much melancholy. The emotional change is full of grief and indignation, but it's sad and can't bear to read. "From now on, the dream soul will be thousands of miles away, and Yueyang Tower will be built every night.". From now on, my soul will fly thousands of miles back to Yueyang and my husband. It fully embodies the traditional cultural spirit of being able to be born but still to be in the world, and putting life and death out of the way. "Yueyang Tower at night" is written in Yueyang Tower, which has profound meaning and should be savored carefully.

In her poems, the poetess paid little attention to the reality of her own captivity, but in the memory of civilization, she mourned for the loss of her motherland and loved ones, and wrote about the prosperity and downfall of civilization in the Southern Song Dynasty. In the process of recollection and reflection, the next film describes where Xu Lang is and how he has lost his soul. Another characteristic of this word is the heaviness, greatness and loftiness of artistic conception. From the historical and cultural tragedies, it is very important to mourn the decline of song civilization. The poem expresses his heart of death and integrates the double tragedies of the motherland and the individual. The artistic conception is extremely lofty. Liu Yongji's comments in his brief analysis of Ci Poetry of Tang, Five Dynasties and two Song dynasties are very representative: "reading his sentences of" this body is not in the north, you are still visiting Nanzhou "and" dream soul is thousands of miles, Yueyang Tower at night ", we know that he means" born as a person of Southern Song Dynasty, die as a ghost of Southern Song Dynasty ". However, it is a pity to pass on her poems and escape from the scenic spots. One hundred years later, there is no way to know the life of this patriotic woman. "

Work evaluation

Man Ting Fang has profound social content and strong artistic appeal.

Chinese PinYin : Xu Jun1 Bao Qi