GUI Youguang

GUI Youguang

GUI Youguang (from January 6, 1507 to February 7, 1571), whose name is Xifu and Kaifu, has another name of Zhenchuan and Xiang Jisheng, and is known as "Mr. Zhenchuan" in the world. Han nationality, from xuanhuali, Kunshan County, Suzhou (now Kunshan City, Jiangsu Province). In the middle of Ming Dynasty, prose writers and officials.

In the 19th year of Jiajing period (1540), GUI Youguang took the exam. Later, he took part in the exam and failed eight times. He moved to the Anting River in Jiading, where he studied and talked and had many apprentices. In the 33rd year of Jiajing period (1554), the Japanese pirates made trouble, and GUI Youguang went to the city to prepare for the defense, and wrote "Yu Wo Yi". In the 44th year of Jiajing (1565), GUI Youguang, who was nearly 60 years old, was a Jinshi in the middle school. After that, he was called "Gui Taipu" because he was the magistrate of Xingxian County, the general judge of Shunde and the Cheng of Taipu temple in Nanjing. He once stayed in charge of the cabinet and participated in the compilation of Shizong Shilu. In 1571, GUI Youguang died of illness at the age of 66.

GUI Youguang adores the ancient prose of Tang and Song dynasties. His prose style is simple and sincere. He is a representative writer of Tang and Song school in Ming Dynasty. He is known as "Ouyang Xiu of today". Later generations praise his prose as "plaintext first". Together with Tang Shunzhi and Wang Shenzhong, they are known as the "three great masters of Jiajing". His works include Mr. Zhenchuan collection, Sanwu water conservancy record, etc.

Life of the characters

The imperial examination didn't go well

GUI Youguang was born on December 24, the first year of Zhengde reign of emperor Wuzong of Ming Dynasty (January 6, 1507) in Xuanhua Li, Kunshan County, Suzhou prefecture (now Kunshan, Jiangsu Province). When he was eight years old, his mother, who was only 25 years old, left his three sons and two daughters and died. His father was a poor county student and his family was in a slump. Perhaps it is this kind of predicament that forces the young GUI Youguang to understand the difficulties in the world and start to study hard.

GUI Youguang has been a brilliant thinker since he was young. At the age of nine, he was able to write an article. At the age of ten, he wrote a thousand words of "on Qi Ji Lun". At the age of eleven or two, he "had a great ambition for the ancients". At the age of fourteen, he took the boy's examination. At the age of twenty, he won the first place in the examination. He was a student of Suzhou government. In the same year, he went to Nanjing to participate in the rural examination. GUI Youguang, who is "the weak champion, knows all the six classics, three histories, and all the writings of the great masters", was full of confidence in his whole career at the beginning. However, he failed to take part in the local examination again and again, and was ranked No.5 in Nanjing. During that time, he was in a poor business and had been a cold window for 15 years. In the 19th year of Jiajing (1540), GUI Youguang, 35, took part in the Nanjing provincial examination. He was appreciated by Zhang Zhi, the chief examiner. He regarded him as a national scholar and called him "the reincarnation of Jia (Yi) and Dong (Zhongshu)". He was promoted to the second place. He hoped that Gui Youguang could make further progress and become a Jinshi as soon as possible. At this time, GUI Youguang has been a general survey of the literature of the three dynasties and the two Han Dynasties, from the nine classics to the twenty-first history, down to the farm Pu medical divination. GUI Youguang's ancient prose, Yu Zhongwei's poetry and Zhang Zibin's art are known as the "three wonders of Kunshan". With GUI Youguang's talent and reputation, the chance to win the entrance examination should be in hand. In the winter of the same year, GUI Youguang hired a horse to go north day and night to prepare for the ceremony examination the next year. Who knew that this examination was a failure.

After returning to his hometown, GUI Youguang moved to the nearby Anting River in Jiading, where he began a career of reading and taking exams while talking and lecturing. The four scholars came here one after another, more than a dozen at a time and more than a hundred at a time. GUI Youguang's family has always been poor, and he relies on his wife Wang's family to manage his family. During the period of ju'an Pavilion, the Wang family managed more than 40 mu of farmland. He supervised the tongnu to reclaim wasteland, irrigated water with ox carts, and fed the whole family and his disciples with the rice they collected, so that Gui Youguang could concentrate on his lectures. GUI Youguang wrote the history of his essays and talked about the classics. For a time, his disciples were all over the house. Scholars and scholars all called GUI Youguang Mr. Zhenchuan.

GUI Youguang is famous all over the world. Even Xu Wei, who is proud of his talent, respects GUI Youguang. One day, Zhu dashou, the Minister of rites who came from the number one scholar, returned to his hometown to invite Xu Wenchang to have a party. But from dusk until late at night, Xu Wenchang came late. When asked the reason, he said, "when a scholar takes shelter from the rain, he sees the wall door hanging, which means" you have light now, Ouyangzi also. "When he comes back to Xiangluo to read, he can't give up, because he is late in hearing.". Zhu Dazhou ordered his servants to take the article which was written by Gui Youguang and read it quickly with a lamp. As for Dadan, he sighed.

However, GUI Youguang's fate is very difficult. Once every three years, he has traveled thousands of miles and returned home eight times in a row. At the age of 43, he lost his most beloved eldest son. After a year, he lost his wife, Wang, who worked hard and shared his own worries. His official career has long abandoned this famous ancient writer on the barren rivers and remote areas. In addition, the grief of losing his son and wife made his life more difficult. However, the rough life has also tempered GUI Youguang's deep and resolute character, which does not yield to power and bad luck.

In the 33rd year of Jiajing reign (1554), the Japanese pirates made trouble, and GUI Youguang went to the city to prepare for the defense. He wrote down the strategies of preparing for the Japanese invaders, the book of discussing the Japanese invaders, and the book of shangzongzhi, etc., analyzed the enemy's situation, formulated the strategies, and offered suggestions to the authorities. Later, he also wrote the whole story of Japanese pirates in Kunshan county and fourteen stories on the sea, showing his patriotic feelings of common hatred and common enemy.

Fight against the tycoon

In the Ming Dynasty, cheating was very popular in the imperial examination field. Although it did not pay attention to the practice of writing in the Tang Dynasty, it was an important shortcut to be an official with the help of great masters and officials. GUI Youguang had been trapped in the imperial examination for a long time. However, he never entered the official career from the heresy. Zhang Zhi, the great master at the time of the provincial examination, appreciated GUI Youguang very much. He deeply regretted that Gui Youguang couldn't win the examination again and again. Several times he "wanted to attract it with his old friendship", but GUI Youguang "didn't go to the right.". When GUI Youguang was not in Chinese style for many times, Mu Zong of Ming Dynasty had not yet ascended the throne. Mu GUI Youguang, a favored eunuch beside Mu Zong, asked his nephew to worship GUI Youguang as his teacher. He also asked GUI Youguang to visit himself in Beijing several times, but GUI Youguang flatly refused. After Mu Zong ascended the throne, the eunuch was more powerful and GUI Youguang still had no contact with him. GUI Youguang's integrity and integrity are reflected in all aspects of his life. In the field of ancient Chinese literature, he always insisted on his own opinions, did not be confused by the group words, and dared to fight against the "giant" who ruled the literary world at that time.

After Liu Ji and Song Lian left some good articles at the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the literary world began to be filled with a trend of imitating the ancient. In the decades from Yongle to Chenghua, the "Three Yang" (Yang Shiqi, Yang Rong and Yang Pu) who had lived in the pavilion for a long time dominated the literary world and advocated a prosperous and broad style of writing. Their compositions were elegant, mediocre and empty, and were known as "Taige style". So the "first seven sons" headed by Li Mengyang and he Jingming rose up against the "Taige style". They advocated that "literature must be written in the Qin and Han Dynasties and poetry must be in the Tang Dynasty". Li Qizi and he Qizi devoted themselves to poetry, prose is not their strong point, but their popularity has influenced their whole life. In the Jiajing period, Li Panlong, Wang Shizhen and other "the last seven sons" followed the "first seven sons" and added fuel to the flames. GUI Youguang is a warrior who rises suddenly in this kind of moldy atmosphere of imitating ancient times. He is a writer who dares to resist the trend.

Wang Shizhen and GUI Youguang are from the same hometown, a little later than GUI Youguang. However, Wang Shizhen became a scholar at the age of 22. After that, her official fortune was prosperous and she was promoted step by step. She became a minister of the Ministry of criminal justice in Nanjing. She led the literary world with great talent and erudition. At this time, GUI Youguang, though well-known, was still a "laojuzi" who "left his way through the empty city of Huangjiang". It is such a poor scholar in the countryside who dares to fight against Wang Shizhen. GUI Youguang criticizes Wang Shizhen fiercely in his preface to Xiang siyao's anthology, which says: "it's hard to say who is the so-called writer in this world. He has not been a scholar of the ancients, but he has got one or two bigwigs who are arrogant and mediocre. He tries to agree with them in order to slander and exclude the predecessors As for the famous scholars in the song and Yuan Dynasties, their strength is enough to catch up with and fight against them for thousands of years! "Nothing" is advocated by one or two mediocre people GUI Youguang publicly ridiculed Wang Shizhen as a "giant of recklessness and mediocrity". Wang Shizhen was very angry after learning that, and said, "if there is recklessness and sincerity, mediocrity does not dare to hear the fate." GUI Youguang replied impolitely: "it's only arrogant but mediocre. There's no one who is arrogant but not mediocre." In her later years, Wang Shizhen completely changed her view on GUI Youguang. In the preface of GUI Taipu Zan, which was written for GUI Youguang, Wang Shizhen said: "although the ancient Chinese poetry originated from the history and Han Dynasty, it was more eclectic between Changli and Luling. When you get it, you will have a lot of meaning. He has his own flavor instead of carving. He is superior to the famous contemporary artists, "Zan Yun said. I'm not going to be hurt after a long time. " At the same time, he spoke highly of GUI Youguang's ancient prose and expressed his regret for his late life. GUI Youguang finally convinced his opponents with his own theory and creative practice.

He became an official in his later years

Although GUI Youguang never met him on the bus, he still didn't want to rest. In the 44th year of Jiajing (1565), GUI Youguang finally won the third class entrance examination when he took part in the Ninth Conference examination. By this time, he was 60 years old. GUI Youguang, who is full of poetry, prose and righteousness, is determined to contribute to the country. Although he is old, his ambition is still not declining. Because GUI Youguang was born in grade three, he could not teach the library, so he had to go to Changxing, a remote county magistrate.

Changxing is located in the mountainous area. For a long time, there has been no county magistrate. All the affairs are controlled by petty officials. At that time, some people advised GUI Youguang not to take office, waiting to be replaced, but he resolutely went. The first thing he did after he arrived in Changxing was to set up a school to train the underachievers. The second thing is to rectify the evil officials and redress the unjust imprisonment. The thirty Kwai people who have done innocent crimes have been released from prison, and have been fighting against one hundred and seven innocent people who have been accused of imprisonment.

Chinese PinYin : Gui You Guang