Zhang Jiliang

Zhang Jiliang

Zhang Jiliang (1799-1843) was named Hengfu. He was a doctor Huaxu and a native of Songliao mountain. He was a native of Qu village, Xikou Town, Jianning County, Fujian Province. He was a patriotic poet with high reputation during the Opium War. He was also known as the "four sons of Daoguang" together with Wei Yuan, Gong Zizhen and Tang Peng. Zhang Jiliang wrote thousands of poems in his life, including 32 volumes and 3078 poems. His poems reflect the social reality, expose the corruption of the Qing Dynasty, and express his desire to eliminate the evils and help the people. His poems are mainly collected in Songliao mountain collection and Lou GUANGTANG manuscript.

Life of the characters

Zhang Jiliang was born in 1799, the fourth year of emperor Renzong's reign in Qing Dynasty, and his family was poor His parents died early when he was young, and he was nurtured by his stepmother Wu. You Yingyi, a 16-year-old middle-aged scholar, wrote a volume of "Tongyan", which was selected by Xiong Jiting in Tongxian County as his anthology. At the age of 18, Li Gushan wrote his collection of poems silkworm reeling. Ji Liang is a man of noble nature. He has the ambition of being a wizard. He admires the ancient great people. He is drunk and generous. "There are people like before, so to speak, when they were born, they should be Marquis and when they died, they should be Temple eaters." "As an article, he is good at argumentation, and can cite the political gains and losses of previous generations, so his words are magnificent and moving, especially in poetry." Ji Liang studied in Aofeng Academy in Fuzhou twice. Chen Shouqi, the head of the academy and the most famous scholar and poet in Fujian Province, attached great importance to Zhang Ji Liang. In a letter to his good friend Gao Yunong, he said: "the recent prosperity of works in Fujian Province has never been better than that of Shaowu, Zhu Meiya and Zhang Hengfu. They are all able to see the world at large."

In the third year of Daoguang (1823), gamaland, Taiwan, ordered Yao Ying to Fuzhou. Ji Liang wrote a poem. Yao Ying praised: "He Li (BAI) and others!" In the fourth year of Daoguang (1824), Shen Weiqiao was the first inspector in the tribute test. The next year, he failed in the imperial examination in Beijing. He was friendly with Xu Baoshan, Zheng Kaixi, Huang Juezi, Tang Peng, pan Deyu, and so on Zeng Huan, an envoy of salt transportation, said, "when he heard the name of Hengfu and called for drinks, he was a famous person at the same table." Zhang Jiliang laughed that he "didn't know how to love himself" and "failed to live up to the world's expectations.". Zeng Huan was so angry that he "ruined all the noble people, and henfu had a bad reputation for being crazy.". After staying in Kyoto for three years, he had the opportunity to observe and study the social disadvantages at that time, in order to explore the way of reform and "Governing". He said: "I have lived in Dumen for three years, and I have a deep view of the current situation. I can speak of its advantages and save its disadvantages.". In the eighth year of Daoguang (1828), he further put forward: "today's plan is to use the methods of Shen and Han, check the name and reality, punish severely and reward; use the methods of management and business, finance, and strengthen the military; if the family is thrifty, and the people are rich in education, then all will be promoted, the source will be clear and the flow will be clear, and all those who govern will be reformed."

Since the ninth year of Daoguang (1829), Zhang Jiliang participated in the revision of Fujian general annals. Just as the manuscript was about to go to press, a dispute broke out over the content of the manuscript. Zhang Jiliang insisted on his own opinion and left angrily because of "disagreement with the parties".

In the 11th year of Daoguang (1831), Zhang Jiliang once again went to Beijing to take the exam and failed again. After he was No.1, Zhang Jiliang lived in Xishan temple and studied. He often interacted with Gong Zizhen, Wei Yuan, Yao Ying, Tang Peng and others, discussed the national economy and people's livelihood, and commented on "the pros and cons of the times". During this period, Zhang Jiliang wrote a letter to Lin Zexu, governor of Hedong river course, expressing his willingness to write a book on Hedong river management strategy for him. He said that the book "draws on the opinions of the predecessors, examines the current situation, and divides the traces of river control before and after the Donghe River into one book"; "the style of its writing depends on the Deacon's ruling and the speed of its completion, which is bright and confident."

In 1833, he wrote a letter to Lu Kun, the governor of Guangdong and Guangdong provinces, which showed that he hated opium. In his Shanglu Houshan palace book, he said: "in Guangdong Province, there are those who call Yaokou to buy bags for them, and those who call fast crabs to send bags for them." "they travel fast and fiercely, and they will encounter patrol ships, and there is nothing like that." as a result, "the order of banning opium import and silver export is void." even if the patrol ships get one or two fast crabs, and the fast crabs lose their land (opium), the foreigners have already got silver He hoped that Lu Kun would strengthen his confidence in banning smoking and take decisive measures to "seize the crabs first and catch the kilns secretly." Although Lu Kun appreciated Zhang Jiliang's talent, he was not enthusiastic about banning opium. He didn't take Zhang Jiliang's advice.

Daoguang 15 years (1835) to participate in the Fuzhou provincial examination, renamed Hengfu, winner. The next year, he failed in the Kyoto Conference. In Kyoto, he sang poems and essays with Huang Juezi, Chen Qingyong, Zang Yuqing, Wu Jiabin and others, and discussed current affairs, which had a great social influence. He attacked the official corruption at that time, especially fiercely. "If you are a prefect, you will be glad to see gold; if you are a county magistrate, you will be punished illegally, and you will bribe the prefectures by collecting money and rice from the cities, so as to win their happiness. As for starvation, after people eat each other, they still use the pretext of collecting food and buying food by name to drive women to flee the valley. They dare not go back to the inner gate for several days and nights, but all the chickens, porpoises, cattle and dogs are gone. " In April of the 18th year of Daoguang (1838), Huang Juezi proposed to Emperor Daoguang that the old chapter should be changed, opium should be strictly prohibited, and the famous memorial of "re treating smoking" should be made. Zhang Jiliang drafted the book of "please strictly stop the leakage to cultivate the nation". Later, in Lin Zexu's poem crying for Zhang Hengfu, there was a sentence that "Xiuwen set a life painting and Pingzhi, still complaining about cangcang's failure to stop smoking", affirming and praising his contribution to the prohibition of smoking in his life.

In May of 1840, after the Opium War broke out, Zhang Jiliang advocated resisting aggression and opposing compromise. He wrote a series of anti imperialist and Patriotic Poems, such as rumor, Qichuan's poems in vain, Jiyao Shifu sanzhang, Dongyang County, Qianyan, Taishou Zou Zhongquan's poems on current affairs, and Chen Zhongmin's poems on the death of Duke. He denounced the aggressor's "evil atmosphere in May, dark Humen", which brought "thousands of hardships" to the Chinese people, and strongly attacked the capitulators“ Jin Ge and Yu Le's "colorless" face warmly eulogized the resistance spirit of Sanyuanli and other "righteous people fighting from Dongshan". In the same year, Yao Ying, who served as Taiwan's military strategist, invited Zhang Jiliang to Taiwan. Zhang Jiliang was very happy and immediately left for Xiamen. When he arrived in Xiamen, he was unable to cross the sea because of the strong wind and waves. So he asked someone to draw a picture of himself, write a poem on it and send it to Yao Ying. Yao Ying led the people in Taiwan to strictly guard the customs, check smuggling, forbid the entry of opium, "those who commit the crime will be punished, and those who commit the crime again will die", which made the British Opium merchants awed. In 1841, Yao Ying worked closely with general dahong'a to repel the British invasion twice. In March of the 22nd year of Daoguang, the British ship a'an invaded Taiwan's Da'an harbor. Yao Ying relied on fishermen to lure the enemy in-depth, annihilated more than 100 people and captured 13 cannons. After hearing this, Zhang Jiliang happily wrote a poem to celebrate his old friend. However, after the signing of the Treaty of Nanjing, Yao Ying was blackmailed by the aggressors and persecuted by the capitulationists. In March of 1843, Yao Ying was sent to Kyoto for imprisonment.

At that time, Zhang Jiliang was seriously ill at home. Learning that Yao Ying "impeached Yingyi in Jiangnan", she went to Wuzhong to "stay late". In July, Yao Ying passed Huaishang in Beijing, and Zhang Jiliang accompanied Yao Ying to Kyoto, where he wrote the novel "discrimination of injustice in prison" on behalf of Yao Ying. When Yao Ying was released from prison in vain, Zhang Jiliang was overjoyed and lived with Yao Ying in the former residence of Yangjiaoshan in zhanziqiao. Unfortunately, the disease recurred and he died on October 9. He was only 43 years old. After the death of Zhang Jiliang, Yao Ying held a memorial ceremony for him, handled the funeral, and "brought the coffin to Tongcheng, and sent people to Fujian to call his son to return home." After Zhang Jiliang's coffin was transported back to Jianning, it was buried in Lantian Baoping, Jianning county. Yao Ying also wrote a biography of his life, truthfully clarifying the truth of his slander by the famous generation of xianhuan in Kyoto, explaining that he had a "crazy name" and a long-term ambition, especially praising him for "revitalizing his decadence." He Shaoji, a famous poet and calligrapher, wrote an elegiac couplet: "in the same year of flesh and blood, the poem set the Minjiang River and the wine poured into Yanshi City; a man of true blood, born according to Shifu, died near Jiaoshan."

Zhang Jiliang had never been an official in his life, and he was out of tune with the vulgar literati and bureaucrats. He himself said: "ten years of tiredness, half a life of frustration, and willing to be a servant of the road, the disturbance of the wind and dust? But as a last resort

Literary achievements

Zhang Jiliang wrote a lot of poems during his life wandering in the north and south. He said that he wrote "more than ten thousand poems" in his life. The style of his poems is mainly elegant, bold and unrestrained. Zhang Jingqi, a writer of the Qing Dynasty, said that he was "surprised to think that he was too white and Shaoling came back". Huang Yue, the Minister of the Ministry of household affairs, said that he was "not the first writer since Jiaqing and Daoguang." His main works include the complete works of Zhang Hengfu (including 6 volumes of essays and more than 2600 poems), the collection of sibozitang (arranged by Yao Ying, including more than 3000 poems), three volumes of Jintai residual tears and three volumes of Nanpu Qiubo record.

Literature evaluation

Lin Zexu and others all believed that Zhang Jiliang had the ability to manage the world (Biography of Zhang Hengfu by Yao Ying). When he was a child, he read the history books and cared about the state affairs. He wanted to be a hero like Jia Yi, Zhuge Liang, Guo Ziyi and Wang Anshi. But he was depressed and failed in his life. He also witnessed the miserable situation of the people in the coastal areas who were devastated by the imperialist invading army. The pain of personal depression and the stimulation of the current situation of the humiliation and hardship of the people's livelihood made Zhang Jiliang burst out of his poems with a sense of sadness and resentment, and thus formed his unique view of the psychological significance and social function of poetry. He believes that poetry creation is due to "excitation". He said that the source of the Yellow River was originally clear, because along the way "in the mountains, forced by the embankment, through the springs, polluted by the sand" and become turbid waves surging, torrent turbulent, until the confluence into the sea to return to pingning, so as to metaphor that the catalyst of the poet's poetry is the suffering of life, social feeling. He said: "when a scholar is excited, he must be entrusted." His trial time

Chinese PinYin : Zhang Ji Liang