Zhang daoqia

Time: 2022-01-30 12:09:17 Author: ChinaWiki.net

Zhang daoqia

Profile

Zhang daoqia (1205-1268), a native of Kaihua, Quzhou (now Zhejiang Province), was named Zemin and Shizhai. Li Zong Duanping two years (1235) Jinshi. He learned from Zhen Dexiu. After Guangzhou manager joined the army, jingdingjian was Chizhou Qian judge, and Xiangyang Prefecture was changed to push officials. He died in five years and was sixty-four years old. He wrote more than 300 plum poems. There are four volumes of Shi Zhai Hua Shi (qianqingtang bibliography), which have been lost. Wu Yunjia of Qing Dynasty copied the collection of Southern Song Qunxian, and kept a volume of plum blossom poetry. See volume 1 of Tongjiang collection, preface to Zhang Zemin's poetry collection and volume 20 of yingkuiluzui. Zhang daoqia's poems are recorded in yingkuiluzui (Volume 20) and the collection of song Baijia's poems.

Lin Fu, a poet of the Northern Song Dynasty, lived in seclusion in the West Lake of Hangzhou in his later years and lived a so-called "plum wife and crane son" leisure life, which was highly praised by some intellectuals. His poems on plum blossoms are even more praised in the sky, which seems to be a masterpiece of all ages. As Wang Shipeng said: "the fragrance and the moon into the sentence, pressure all the present and ancient no poetry." However, when Mu Ming read his collection, he found that there were not many poems about plum blossoms. The most famous one was only a couplet of "thin shadow, clear water, faint fragrance, floating moon and dusk". "Cai kuanfu's poetry" says that it is not harmonious with the second couplet: "frost birds want to steal their eyes first, Pink Butterflies want to know and break their souls". Wang Shizhen of the Ming Dynasty simply said that such a poor thing as the second couplet is like a child's graffiti. And the good couplet is copied from Jiang Wei, whose original sentence is: "the bamboo landscape slants horizontally, the water is clear, and the fragrance of Osmanthus floats at dusk.". Do not say "sparse" and "dark", but the "bamboo" and "Gui" look completely written, but no one praise, oblivion. If you transfer it to plum blossom, you always feel that it doesn't match the season and environment. For example, Chen Fuzhi's poetry is more like singing wild rose.

In fact, plum blossom is the national flower of Song Dynasty, and there are many poets who love plum blossom and chant plum blossom. Kaihua Poet Zhang daoqia loved plum blossom all his life. The number of poems chanting plum blossom is far more excellent than that of Lin bu. He wrote no less than 300 poems before his death, and nearly 100 poems have been passed down to the present day. He deserves to be called "plum blossom poet". However, because the people who choose poems are too lazy, they often pick up simple prevarications casually, which will give people an incomplete impression. My first contact with Zhang's poem was "Ling Mei", which was also selected from "three hundred landscape poems of the four seasons of the past dynasties" published by Beijing Normal University. I have no time to meet them. One ridge is plum blossom. " The commentary thinks that the poem is written tactfully and implicitly, but I don't think so. It's a straightforward poem, which is almost the same as the advertisement. This is also the reason why I didn't take Zhang's poem for granted at first.

Later, when I had the chance to read his complete works, my impression immediately changed. No wonder Fang Hui said that even Lu You and Liu Kezhuang would be willing to decline. Five words are like "a snow is similar, only spring is unknown", "moonlight is more than light, no wind fragrance is born", "often stay in the snow to see, cover not sideburns horizontal", "snow house is good, frost bridge is wild bank horizontal", seven words are like "already withered half tree, wind and smoke is ancient, just put a flower heaven and earth fragrance", "warm back to poor Valley, spring is often early, shadows fall cold streams are also fragrant", "absolutely know the south snow and shame, want to marry Dongfeng shame from the media" "It's better to be light at three o'clock and two o'clock, and it's better to be light at ten branches and five branches", "the ancient fragrance of a hundred year old tree is light, and a few flowers are deep in spring," it's only necessary to have two or three flowers on the fence to press down tens of thousands of pistils in the garden ", and so on. Fang Hui commented on Zhang daoqia's poems of chanting plum blossom, saying that "it is not easy for others to learn poems for 30 or 50 years."

Unfortunately, as the poet sighed: "more than a hundred years of trees are not ancient, three or four point flowers are not limited to spring.". If you want to break a branch and have no place to give it away, there are few flower lovers in the world. " Perhaps this is also the poet's way of thinking. Although Zhang daoqia was a Jinshi in middle school in his thirties, he started his career early and was very easygoing, but he didn't know how to flatter him, so he was always a subordinate. Even his fellow countrymen didn't take care of him. Ma Tianji, a Longyou man, teased him once. Zhang daoqia was depressed for a long time and eventually died of excessive drinking. However, just like the plum blossom he was fascinated by, "blowing down the eaves of the wind to the dead incense", he had a hobby, a sustenance, a discovery and a feeling all his life.

Jieyuan Longding tea

In the third year of Duanping (1236), Zhang daoqia joined the army in Guangzhou and was ordered to return to his hometown to honor his ancestors. Zhang Canjun and his party traveled to Zhang village. In the name of bud tea from Dalong mountain, Zhang daocha left for Dalong mountain on the right day. When they arrived at Qilong mountain in Qixi, they were thirsty and thirsty. They were looking for a rest when they met a young monk. Holding the beads in his hand, the little monk bowed his head to Zhang daoqia and said, "amituo Buddha, good, good. The abbot of "longdingtan" ordered the young monk to welcome Zhang to the temple for a rest Zhang daoqia and his party went up to "longdingtan" with the monk. Zhang daoqia raised his eyes and looked around. He saw the water column overflowing in the pool, surrounded by tea trees, mountains full of ancient trees, smoke and clouds, gusts of mountain wind and fragrance of flowers. He felt tired and relaxed. At first glance, in front of Shiwu temple, the abbot and other monks have set up tea tables and benches to wait on. Zhang Shenjun comes along the winding path to thank the abbot and take a seat after giving way. The abbot orders the monks to make tea and offer tea to Zhang.

At this time, the three young monks came out together and bowed politely to Zhang and his party. After that, they put the tea set on the tea table, and then appeared on the tea set, scrubber warm cup, and then set tea. The young monk first took out the straight and green tea from the tin pot and put it in the "tea rule" for the guests to watch for a moment. Then he put the bamboo spoon into the tea cup respectively, lifted the copper pot, poured a little boiling water into the cup and covered it with a little stew. Later, the young monk lifted the lid of the cup and filled it with water again with a copper pot in his hand. I saw that the monk was attentive, the pot was high and the water was urgent, the technique was delicate, the spout was three times up and three times down, and the water column was silver beads. The mouth reads "three dragon water, grace the people, benefit the people, amituo Buddha". After making the tea and covering the cup, the monk sent the tea to Zhang Shenjun and others and offered it to them.

As soon as Zhang daoqia lifted the lid of the teacup, a faint orchid fragrance slowly floated out of the cup, refreshing the heart. After a sip, he felt mellow and refreshing, and the aftertaste was sweet. In the cup, the light green tea buds appeared orderly, and the tips of the buds gathered on the surface of the water and slowly sank at the bottom of the cup, just like a bud in the bud. Zhang daoqia clapped his case and said, "it's amazing. It's really a deep mountain tea with beautiful shape, color, fragrance and taste." Seeing that Zhang daoqia and his party were in great interest, the abbot politely told Zhang daoqia about the process of discovering "longdingtan" and creating "literati tea art". It turned out that the abbot came from Sanqing mountain in Jiangxi Province. One evening, he went to the pool to wash his iron hoe and touched the hard object at the bottom of the pool. When he dug up the floating soil, he saw a big blue stone shaped like a millstone. When he loosened the blue stone with the hoe, water overflowed from the stone crevice. He heard the sound of water coming from far and near. Suddenly, there was a loud "boom". The big stone turned into pieces and was rushed out by the water column from the pool Nine clouds away, and then the smoke filled, as if the dragon flying around the pool to the abbot frequently nodded thanks. In an instant, the smoke gathered and flew to the East. From then on, the spring in the pool was endless all the year round, and the drought did not dry up. As a result, the abbot set up a stone temple on the mountain and settled down beside the pool. He went from morning to night to reclaim wasteland, plant grain, sericulture and tea trees, and practice Dharma. Because the pond water irrigates thousands of hectares of fertile land, people call this pond "Longding pond", and the tea produced is also called "Longding tea".

Since Zhang daoqia saw the tea performance in "longdingtan", tasted "longdingcha" and heard the origin of "longdingcha", he has formed a deep relationship with "longdingcha" of DALONGSHAN, and has been fond of drinking "longdingcha" all his life. Although Zhang daoqia was an official, every year he asked his family to buy "Longding tea" from DALONGSHAN in Qixi for drinking. Before he wrote plum blossom poems, he was sure to make a cup of "Longding tea" and enjoy it before he put up his pen and ink.

Plum blossom poems

Ling Mei

There are poetic scenes everywhere, and there are things at any time.

I'm busy with social activities. Yiling is plum blossom.

Zhaoshuimei

According to the shadow of the cold stream, the stream water is also fragrant.

A beautiful woman makes her own make-up for Shouyang.

Chizhou

He Tongguan

Chanting plum

flower

The new wind blows the rocks, and the cold Valley is born in spring.

The root is old, the fragrance is ancient, the flower is sparse and the lattice is clear.

A thousand trees are bare in the garden, and a hedge is falling.

Pei Zhi and Huaiyu, see this brother leisurely.