Zhang Qiyan

Zhang Qiyan

Zhang Qiyan (1285-1354), a famous statesman, historian and writer in Yuan Dynasty, was born in Zhangqiu and moved to Yucheng. He was the first imperial examination champion in the Yuan Dynasty. He was an official for more than 40 years. He successively held many important positions in the local and central government. He made great contributions to the politics of the middle Yuan Dynasty. He had high attainments in history and literature. He was good at seal script and official script, and had many works handed down from generation to generation.

Life of the characters

Zhang Qiyan was born in the family of successive officials. His great grandfather, Zeng Guan, went to marshal's right prison to know Jinan Prefecture. His great grandfather, Zhang Fu, was the Fubing seal of Junmin town on Jinan road to administer Jinan Prefecture. His grandfather, Zhang duo, was the recorder of Dongchang Prefecture. His father, Zhang Fan Guan, went to Sichuan to promote Confucianism.

Zhang Qiyan was born in Jinan in 1285. His talent is beautiful, and he learned from his father when he was young. At the age of 17, he was examined and promoted, and was appointed as the official of Fushan County. In the second year of Yanyou reign of Renzong (1314), the first imperial examination was held in the Yuan Dynasty. Zhang Qiyan, born on the same day and the same year of Renzong reign of Yuan Dynasty, won the first place in the left list and was awarded Dengzhou Tongzhi. In his nearly 40 years of official career, Zhang Qiyan successively served as the editor and editor of Jixian academy, the governor of guozijiancheng, the editor and supervisor of the Academy of national history, the Minister of rites, the provincial counsellor of Zhongshu, the official of Hanlin academy, the official of Shaanxi Xingtai, the official of Zhongshu, the visiting envoy of yannanlian, and the official of Zhongcheng.

Characters and deeds

At that time, Zhang Qiyan had the reputation of "Ouyang Xiu". When he was the official of Fushan, he had a short-term administration in the county, and made outstanding achievements. The Fushan people said, "if Zhang Jiaoyu is the magistrate, we will be blessed. When he was a censor, he had the courage to resist words and admonish directly. He once argued with the prime minister daolasha face to face and spared the censor who was guilty of words. The emperor of Yuan Dynasty was also convinced by his courage. On another occasion, Zhongshu province discussed the selection of officials from all over the world, and Zhang Qiyan was present as a member of Zhongshu province. He recommended a minister who was very famous at that time, but the prime minister did not agree with him. Zhang Qiyan argued with him. The Prime Minister got up displeased, and Zhang Qiyan left his seat with a brush of his clothes. Because of this, Zhang Qiyan offended the prime minister and was demoted. In 1332, when Ning Zong died and Shun Zong was not established, some people went to Beijing to report the change. They said that a certain minister had conspired against him to the south of the capital, and they were about to fight. For a moment, the capital's heart was floating. After detailed investigation, there is no such thing. At that time, some people in the court advocated to forgive the "madman" who had been accused of change, but Zhang Qiyan disagreed. He said: "the new Lord is not established today, and people are in a panic. If you don't punish this person, you won't be able to intimidate the traitors and stabilize the people! " At his insistence, he executed the man and stabilized the situation in the capital. When he was the visiting envoy of yannanlian, he cared about the sufferings of the people, presided over the repair of the Hutuo River, which had been damaged over the years, and calmed down the flood. He cracked down on those bullies who did harm to one side and won high praise from the local people.

Character evaluation

Zhang Qiyan is not only a politician, but also a historian with high attainments and achievements. For a long time in his life, he presided over the compilation of national history and the history of Liao, Jin and Song dynasties. Zhang Qiyan is well read and knowledgeable, especially familiar with the laws and regulations of Jin and Liao dynasties and the origin of Confucianism and Taoism in Song Dynasty. In the compilation of the national history and the three histories, he worked hard and meticulously. He revised other people's manuscripts word by word, and finally completed the three history revision with high quality. He himself wrote the record of TAIDING and Tianli dynasties in Yuan Dynasty, which is full and accurate in historical materials and accurate in argument, and retains a large number of first-hand historical materials. Shi Cheng was sixty-five years old, so he died. Zhang Qiyan is also a famous litterateur. He is quick in thinking and beautiful in writing. He has left many Anthologies in his life. The famous ones are Hua Feng man manuscript, Hua Feng Lei manuscript, Jin Ling Ji, etc. Yuan Shi Ben Zhuan is kept at home.

All his life, Zhang Qiyan was honest and self-defense, and he did not do business in his life. The salary of an official is used to help his family, teachers, friends and old friends. On the day of his death, his family had no money left. After his death, Jia Ronglu, a doctor, was posthumously named wenmu.

Historical records

Zhang Qiyan, whose name is Mengchen, was born in Zhangqiu, Shandong Province. His ancestors moved to Yucheng, Shandong Province because of the wars in Jin and Song dynasties. When Zhang Qiyan was in Anqiu, Shandong Province as Yin County, he moved his family to Anqiu. During this period, he took part in the first imperial examination of Yuan Dynasty after Yan you Fu Ke and became the first champion of Yuan Dynasty.

Zhang Qiyan was born in an official family. His great ancestor Zhang Di was the marshal right Jianjun of Zhang Rong, one of the separatist forces in Shandong at that time; his great grandfather Zhang Fu was the Fubing Qianzhi of Junmin town in Jinan road; his grandfather Zhang duo was the recorder of Dongchang; his father Zhang Fan was the deputy governor of Confucianism in Sichuan Province.

According to historical records, when Zhang Qiyan's mother, Qiu, was about to give birth, she suddenly saw a snake several feet long crawling under her bed. After a while, it disappeared. Qiu was frightened and gave birth to Zhang Qiyan. Zhang Qiyan studied from his father Zhang Fan when he was a child. When he was 20 years old, he was appointed as an official in Fushan County (before the restoration of the imperial examination system in the Yuan Dynasty, the main sources of officials were Yinxu and Chaju). During Zhang Qiyan's tenure in Fushan, the county magistrate led people to catch locusts and entrusted the county government affairs to Zhang Qiyan. Over a long period of time, because Zhang Qiyan's words and deeds were decisive and fair, which won the hearts of the people. The people said, "if Zhang Jiaoyu is our real County Yin, what else can we worry about?" Later, due to his outstanding achievements, Zhang Qiyan was promoted to Yin of Anqiu County, and his family moved to Anqiu.

achievement

In 1315, Zhang Qiyan, who had a deep knowledge of Confucianism, won the first place in the Yuan Dynasty. He was awarded the number one scholar and the governor of Dengzhou. However, Renzong of Yuan Dynasty attached great importance to the number one scholar who was born on the same day as himself. He specially intended to change Zhang Qiyan into a Jixian Xiuzhuan, transfer him to Guozi doctor, and then be promoted to Guozijian Cheng, enter the Imperial Academy to wait for the system, and concurrently edit the Academy of national history. At this time, Zhang Qiyan's mother died. He went home to keep filial piety for his mother for three years. After that, he became the censor. At that time, Yang Tingyu was impeached by Taiwan officials for his mistakes, and was arrested in court. The prime minister daolasha hated his accomplices, so he slandered Taiwan officials for deceiving him and demanded that Yang Tingyu be re appointed. Although Zhang Qiyan was a new minister of Taiwan, he was not afraid of the powerful daolasha and resisted Zhangzou, saying: "it is their duty for Taiwan officials to correct and impeach all officials according to the law and discuss the government affairs. Now that they are carrying out their duties, they are forced to commit crimes, their laws and disciplines are distorted, upright people dare not speak, and they are loyal and kind-hearted, which should not be seen in the prosperous times. Moreover, the emperor Shizu set up the Taige, opened up a wide range of ideas and maintained the rule of the system. After the emperor ascended the throne, he issued an imperial edict to continue the rule of the system. Now that the officials of Taiwan have been reprimanded, how can they defend the governance of their ancestors? "Zhang Qiyan's three memorials have not been reported to Renzong. When Zhang Qiyan went to court, he had a fierce court battle with daolasha, which finally made Renzong realize. Before long, Zhang Qiyan was promoted to wailang, a member of the right Secretary of Zhongshu. He joined the left secretary and became an official of Jingyan, and worshipped Prince youzanshan. During this period, Zhang Qiyan kept filial piety because of his father's death. After that, he was appointed as Sima of yanwangfu and promoted to minister of rites.

After yuan Wenzong ascended the throne, he personally went to the southern suburbs to offer sacrifices to heaven. Zhang Qiyan was appointed as a ceremonial envoy. He arranged the etiquette carefully and the guard of honor was dignified. Wenzong was very happy. Afterwards, he gave Zhang Qiyan a lot of things, and he was appointed as Zhang Qiyan's counsellor.

a merit

After the death of yuanningzong, Yannan was in prison. A man reported that there was a conspiracy among the Ministry envoys, which was verified to be false, but the person who lied was not punished. The person in charge of the Department of Justice said: in the laws of the Tang Dynasty, there was a precedent that liars would not be punished. Dissatisfied with this, Zhang Qiyan angrily said to tonglie: now that the monarch has not ascended the throne, human feelings are in doubt. If we do not kill this man, we should deal with this matter as soon as possible, so as to put an end to the conspiracy, I am afraid it will hinder the great plan. After Emperor Shun of the Yuan Dynasty ascended the throne, he ordered Zhongshu province to elect officials. Zhang Qiyan recommended a Confucian scholar. The right Prime Minister didn't agree with him. Qi Yan lifted himself up. The prime minister thought that Qi Yan didn't obey himself. But Qiyan is not afraid of his power and never adheres to it. Soon after, Zhang Qiyan was promoted to be a scholar of Imperial Academy, a scholar of Imperial Academy, a scholar of national history, a scholar of the first three dynasties, and an official of Jingyan. The imperial envoy on the stage asked to appoint Zhang Qiyan as the Lian visiting envoy of Western Zhejiang, but Emperor Shun did not agree. Before long, Zhang Qiyan was promoted to the rank of imperial censor of Xingtai in Shaanxi Province. When he was about to take office, Zhang Qiyan was retained as a lecturer and later transferred to Yan Nan Lian's envoy.

When Zhang Qiyan was appointed as Yan Nan Lian's visiting envoy, he was not afraid of difficulties and dangers and attacked the powerful, which made the people applaud. At that time, the people in Zhending area were deeply affected by the Hutuo River and suffered a lot. Zhang Qiyan sent people to build dikes and dams, which calmed down the flood and won the support of the people. After that, Zhang Qiyan was promoted to Zhongcheng, the censor of Xingtai in the south of the Yangtze River. At that time, the right prime minister was dismissed by Emperor Shun for his impeachment. Soon afterwards, he became prime minister again and slandered the right and wrong of the taichen to Emperor Shun. When Zhang Qiyan was in the upper court, he argued with him. Everyone who heard that Zhang Qiyan was upright and strong. Before long, Zhang Qiyan was promoted to Zhongcheng, the imperial censor. He was upright and had no scruples. He often disagreed with Shangguan.

In 1343, Emperor Shun issued an imperial edict to revise the history of Liao, Jin and Song dynasties. Zhang Qiyan was once again appointed as one of the chief executive officers in the Imperial Academy. He was familiar with the allusions of the origin of Jin Dynasty and the origin of Confucianism and Taoism in Song Dynasty, and devoted himself to the study of them. As a result, his knowledge was profound and elegant, and his reason was self-sufficient. Three history Xiucheng, Zhang Qiyan is already 65 years old, so he wrote a request to return home, Shun emperor agreed, granted Ronglu doctor.

According to historical records, Zhang Qiyan has a purple face, a beautiful beard and a clear brow. He is an elegant gentleman. He decided that he was as good as Mount Tai. If he had different opinions, he would not care if he was red in the face. Sometimes the imperial court was afraid of him. People who knew him said that he was good at foreign affairs and was not attracted by others. He was as famous as Ouyang Xiu.

character

Zhang Qiyan is filial to his parents and often carries rice from a hundred miles away to serve his parents. He also takes care of his younger brother, Zhang Rushi, to teach knowledge and care. He paid for more than 20 people

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