Zhang zanxu

Zhang zanxu

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Mr. Zhang's name is zanxu and his name is Yuchuan,

Hui nationality

He was born in 1879 in the seventh year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty. Mr. Zhang zanxu is a famous Hui scholar in the frontier. After decades of governance by Mr. Zhang, Xihaigu region of Ningxia has established the first Hui Tongren school for boys and girls in the history of the region, which provides opportunities for the Hui youth in Guyuan, Haiyuan and Xiji counties to go to school. 40 years later, Mr. Tao's students, taoli Chengyin, spread all over Longshang and made contributions to the education of Hui people in Xihaigu.

brief introduction

Mr. Zhang's name is zanxu and his name is Yuchuan,

Hui nationality

He was born in 1879 in the seventh year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty. Mr. Zhang zanxu is a famous Hui scholar in the frontier. Before liberation, there was not a school for Hui people in Xihaigu area of Ningxia. More than 99% of the Hui youth are illiterate, so there is a taunt that "the old Hui has two knives in his hand, either to cut mutton or to cut rice dumplings.". After decades of Tuzhi, Mr. Zhang founded the first Tongren boys' school and Tongren girls' school for Hui people in the history of this area, which gave the youth of Hui people in Guyuan, Haiyuan and Xiji counties the opportunity to go to school. 40 years later, Mr. Tao's students, taoli Chengyin, spread all over Longshang and made contributions to the education of Hui people in Xihaigu. In order to remember Mr. Zhang's spirit of accumulating funds to run a school, this paper briefly introduces Mr. Zhang's life.

experience

Escape from famine to Guyuan

Mr. Zhang had a poor family in his childhood, and he lost his father when he was young and was raised by his mother. At the age of 11, he went to a private school. After seven years of hard work, he failed in the local examination. In order to make a living, I worked as an apprentice in a shop, washing and cooking for the shop owner every day, sweeping the floor and carrying water for three years. In these three years, although he didn't give a word as an apprentice, he didn't relax for a while. Inspired by the old saying "review the old and learn the new" and the old saying "where there is a will, there is a way". In 1901, Longnan of Gansu Province was hit by severe drought, and Zhangjiachuan was the hardest hit area. Mr. Zhang took his family to Guyuan with the famine victims. It's very difficult to find a place to settle down in Guyuan, which has no relatives. However, the Hui people have a good tradition of "helping each other and helping the poor" since ancient times. All the well-off Hui people have the responsibility of supporting the weak and helping the poor. Therefore, Mr. Zhang visited Guyuan Muslim mosque to learn from Dong Feng Laosi and asked to solve the difficulties. Feng Laosi saw that he was a poor scholar and a starving man in the remote countryside, so he found him a job as a bookkeeper in a hotel, earning a couple of silver a month. As Mr. Feng has always been upright, hardworking and steady in his work, clear accounts and clean hands, he won the trust of Mr. Feng Laosi, the owner of the shop, and increased his salary from one or two silver coins to two liang, so that his family of three (wife and son) could have enough food and clothing.

Make your own living

Later, the owner of the hotel, Feng Laosi, made a fortune and started a business. He looked down upon the business of the original rickshaw and horse shop, so he rented the hotel to Mr. Zhang for a rent of 300 liang of silver every year. Mr. Zhang renamed it "Wanshun Hotel". During the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty, because the Qing government created ethnic estrangement and ethnic hatred, the Hui and Han people distrusted each other and had deep resentment. At that time, the Hui people were not allowed to stay in Guyuan. By means of reconciliation, unity and friendship, Mr. Zhang took the initiative to get close to the Han people in his neighborhood, make friends with them, strive for understanding, and gradually improved the relationship between the Han and Hui Nationalities. From then on, the Han people were close to him, and he got the help of the Han people in many things, which made the hotel business prosperous day by day. There was a rumor at that time: "it's better to open wanshundian than Guyuan County.". With his savings, Mr. Zhang bought Wanshun store for himself, expanded his business and became a rich man in Guyuan.

New private school

Mr. Zhang's self-study spirit was admired by Guyuan Han Scholars at that time. His educational background is not high, one is not a Juren, two is not a Jinshi, even a scholar did not pass, but his knowledge was well-known in more than ten counties of Longdong, Gansu Province at that time. In particular, his excellent calligraphy of Yan and Wei is well-known. Because of his profound knowledge, broad vision and enterprising spirit, he always wanted to do something good for the poor, hungry and cold Hui people in Guyuan area. Because most of the Hui people in Guyuan area came from exile and distribution, and mostly lived by selling snacks, there was no way to send their children to school. Driven by his strong national pride, Mr. Zhang first set up a private school in his hotel. Although there were only six students, he still taught seriously. These six students, who were under the age of 15, made rapid progress and could write notes, short messages and agreements in less than two years. As soon as the news spread, local Hui people sent their children to school one after another, breaking the habit of Hui people not willing to send their children to school for the first time. The number of students increased from six to more than 30, resulting in the shortage of school buildings, desks, benches and textbooks. In the face of these difficulties, Mr. Zhang set up his own tea and invited the leading figures of the Hui people and the parents of the students to hold a meeting to discuss how to donate money for running the school. They decided to solicit funds from the rich Hui and Han families who are enthusiastic about local education. In less than a year, "Tongren primary school" was built in wairenjiaxiang, South Gate of Guyuan under the support of the government and the people. This is the first Huimin school in Guyuan history. We all recommend Mr. Zhang as the principal. At this time, the Republic of China had been established. It was the trend of the times to abolish the old school and promote the new school. Mr. Zhang first responded to the new learning, banned the old five classics and four books, and chose the New Culture Textbooks of the Republic of China. This was a big reform at that time when Confucianism was prevailing. After the founding of the Republic of China, the ethnic oppression policy of the Qing Dynasty was abolished and the "five ethnic Republic" was advocated. The Hui people who had been oppressed for more than 200 years raised their heads. Mr. Zhang also participated in various social activities as a representative of the Hui people and became a just gentry among the Hui people in Guyuan County. As a result of his fairness, Mr. Zhang won the high trust and support of the Hui and Han people, thus eliminating the psychological stigma of the Hui and Han people left over from history and rebuilding the harmony and friendship between the nationalities. Mr. Zhang is modest and approachable all his life. No matter he is rich or poor, he always tries his best to work for him, and never turns a cold shoulder on others. Therefore, the Hui and Han people in Guyuan area are called "Mr. Zhang's peacemaker, big and small things are inseparable".

Promoting Muslim women to study

In 1921, the wind of advocating new learning and gender equality came to Guyuan mountain city. Mr. Zhang wanted to run a women's school to free the shackles of the oppressed Hui women under the feudal rule for thousands of years. However, under the influence of the feudal thought that "women without talent are virtue" and the restriction of religious order, it is very difficult to promote women to go to "foreign schools" in Guyuan Hui nationality area. However, he broke through many obstacles to set up a women's school for the benefit of Hui women. He came forward to call a meeting of prominent Hui people and said that he would organize a women's school. At the beginning, the meeting was opposed by the old Imam of the mosque, saying that women's going to foreign schools was an obstacle to the religious rules. Others echoed and had to pause. Later, after Mr. Zhang went around for help, he got the support and help of Mr. Ma Guangwu, the Hui authority in Guhai, and the old headmaster who originally opposed running a women's school did not dare to openly oppose it. Guyuan Tongren women's primary school was finally born in difficulties. However, there are difficulties in recruiting students. Most Hui people listen to religious propaganda and do not ask women to go to school. Mr. Zhang first took the lead in sending his daughter, daughter-in-law and the daughters of relatives and friends to school. The first headmaster of Tongren women's primary school was su Caifeng, a Hui woman in Guyuan. After several years of hard teaching, the number of students gradually increased from 30 to 60, and the number of Hui and Han students also increased. The school does not accept women with small feet. The school also organized propaganda teams to publicize the pain and harm of women's foot binding on the streets. After a long period of publicity, the number of foot binding of Hui and Han women in Guyuan area decreased significantly, which opened a new trend for women's liberation. Under the leadership of Mr. Zhang, Guyuan Tongren men's and women's schools had been running for 10 years. By 1932, these two schools had become famous schools with better equipment and more students in Guyuan primary schools. In the 1930s and 1940s, they had trained hundreds of college students for Hui and Han people in Xihaigu counties, ending the history of "being stupid and not knowing children".

Not taking part in anti people activities

In December 1938, under the leadership of Ma Guolin (now a native of Xiji County, killed by the Kuomintang in Lanzhou) and Ma Yinggui (a native of Guyuan, killed by the Kuomintang in Guyuan), the Hui people in Gu, Hai and long counties launched the first Muslim uprising against the oppression of the Hui people by the Kuomintang government. Zhu Shaoliang, chairman of the KMT's Gansu Province, wanted to use the method of "governing Hui with Hui" to lure Ma Guolin and Ma Yinggui to surrender. Since Mr. Zhang was a well-known figure in Gansu Province, Zhu Shaoliang wanted to use him as a bait and invited him to join his "Xuanfu mission". He refused to take part because of his illness. At that time, many of the upper Hui people used Zhu Shaoliang's tools to suppress the Hui uprising, but Mr. Zhang was clean. In May 1939, Ma Guorui launched the second Haigu Hui uprising. Zhu Shaoliang also invited Mr. Zhang to persuade Ma Guorui to surrender. Mr. Zhang declined because he couldn't afford it. Soon after, Ma Guorui led the uprising army to be defeated by the Kuomintang army in Jingyuan. The 81 army of the Kuomintang captured more than 200 rioters and imprisoned them in the military headquarters of the Third Battalion of Guyuan to be shot. Mr. Zhang went to the Third Battalion for an excuse to meet with Ma Hongbin, the commander of the army, and asked how to deal with the prisoners. "Shot," Ma said After hearing this, Mr. Zhang bowed his head and said nothing. Ma Hongbin asked, "what's Mr. Zhang's opinion?" Mr. Zhang took the opportunity to develop his eloquence and said to Ma Hongbin, "the military commander is a patriotic general against Japan today. The country is based on the people

Chinese PinYin : Zhang Zuan Xu