Zhang Lan

Zhang Lan

Zhang Lan (April 2, 1872 - February 9, 1955), male, Han nationality, was born in Nanchong, Sichuan Province. He was a scholar in the late Qing Dynasty. He was a great patriot, a famous democratic revolutionist and educator, one of the most respected leaders of the country, the founder and leader of the China Democratic Alliance, and the leader of the Communist Party of China Close friends. Zhang Lan's life is closely related to Chinese modern history and modern history.

In 1941, Zhang Lan participated in the initiation of the China Democratic League of political groups (changed to the China Democratic League in 1944) and served as the chairman of the China Democratic League. In October 1941, he served as the chairman of the central executive committee of the China Democratic League, and later as the chairman of the central executive committee and the first Central Committee of the China Democratic League. In September 1949, he attended the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference and was elected vice chairman of the Central People's government. In 1954, he was elected vice chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and vice chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference. On February 9, 1955, he died in Beijing at the age of 83.

His works include Shuo Ren Shuo Yi, Si Mian Yi Jie and Mo Zi Gui Yi.

Life of the characters

Study and teach

Zhang Lan was born on April 2, 1872 in Zhonghe Township, Nanchong City, Sichuan Province (now Lianchi Township, Xichong County, Sichuan Province). His father, Zhang Wenluo, was a scholar and a teacher in a rural school. Zhang Lan studied with his father since childhood. In 1887 (the 13th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty), the whole family moved to zhaoshangou, Minshan Township, Xichong County (now Yongqing Township, Xichong County). In 1894 (the 20th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty), he was a scholar in China, and soon he was born. In 1902 (the 28th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty), he entered Zunjing Academy in Sichuan for further study. In 1903 (the 29th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty), he was selected to study in Japan and enrolled in the normal school of Hongwen college in Tokyo. In 1904 (the 30th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty), Empress Dowager Cixi was escorted back to China by the Minister of the Qing government in Japan for advocating that Empress Dowager Cixi should return to the government of Emperor Guangxu. She was appointed as the head teacher of the official middle school in Shunqing Prefecture (Nanchong) of Sichuan Province. In 1906 (the 32nd year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty), he went to Chengdu to serve as the supervisor of the Sichuan Provincial study tour preparatory school. In 1907 (the 33rd year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty), he returned to Nanchong and served as the supervisor of the Middle School of Shunqing Prefecture. He also founded junior high school, junior high school and Duanming girls' school in Nanchong. In 1909 (the first year of Xuantong of Qing Dynasty), he joined the constitutionalism and served as a member of the Sichuan Advisory Bureau. In 1910 (the second year of Xuantong reign of the Qing Dynasty), he was employed by the Sichuan preparatory school for study tour, and served as the school's self-cultivation, teaching and fasting minister. He returned to Nanchong in the winter of that year.

Leading the way

In 1911 (the third year of Xuantong of the Qing Dynasty), he served as the vice president of the board of shareholders of Sichuan Han railway, initiated and organized the Sichuan Road Protection comrades' Association, and led the Sichuan people to carry out the road protection movement. Opposing the betrayal of the Qing government promoted the uprising of the whole Sichuan people, which became the fuse of the revolution of 1911 and was praised by Sun Yat Sen. On December 10, 1911 (the third year of Xuantong reign of the Qing Dynasty), Yin Changheng, the governor of Sichuan Province, hired Zhang Lan as the counselor of the military government to assist in government affairs.

Participate in the downfall of yuan

In 1912 (the first year of the Republic of China), he served as the northern Sichuan military mission. In April 1913 (the second year of the Republic of China), Zhang Lan was elected to the Congress of the Republic of China and met Cai E. In 1914 (the third year of the Republic of China), Zhang Lan left Beijing for Yuan Shikai's dissolution of Parliament and returned to Nanchong. Together with local people, he founded Nanchong county middle school, Nanchong Industrial school and Nanchong Guoshan sericulture society to cultivate talents for his hometown. In 1915 (the fourth year of the Republic of China), Yuan Shikai became emperor. Cai E uprised in Yunnan and led his army northward. Zhang Lan contacted Zhong Tidao, the commander of Sichuan army, to respond immediately. He declared independence in Nanchong. The whole Sichuan supported him and forced Yuan Shikai to abolish the monarchy. On August 14, 1916 (the fifth year of the Republic of China), the Beijing government appointed Zhang Lan as Daoyin of Jialing to preside over the common affairs of northern Sichuan. In 1917 (six years of the Republic of China), he was promoted to governor of Sichuan Province. In 1918 (the seventh year of the Republic of China), the "governor's office of Sichuan Province" was established in Beijing.

Setting up a new school

Zhang Lan studied in Japan in his early years. The reform, prosperity and development of education in Japan enlighten him a lot. after returning to China, he actively devoted himself to the cause of education. When he founded Nanchong middle school, he advocated the combination of learning and application. In addition to ordinary middle schools, he added agricultural, industrial, medical and normal classes, and set up farms, factories and hospitals for students to practice. In 1920 (the ninth year of the Republic of China), in the name of the governor of Sichuan Province, he negotiated with the Ministry of communications of the Beiyang government at that time to allocate the interest on the shares of Sichuan Han railway to help Sichuan students who were studying in Beijing, Tianjin and other places. He also donated part of the interest to the Chinese French Education Association organized by his good friend Wu Yuzhang as a fund to subsidize Sichuan students studying in France for work study, some of them Later he became an important member of the Communist Party of China. In 1920 (the ninth year of the Republic of China), he returned to Sichuan to set up secondary education and founded Minzhi daily. On August 22, Zhang Lan's mother died in Nanchong. Zhang Lan published "sad Apocalypse" in the morning post. On December 30, the Beijing government dismissed Zhang Lan as governor. In 1922 (the 11th year of the Republic of China), Zhang Lanfu was the principal of Nanchong county middle school. He advocated the combination of learning and application, integrating general education, industrial education and local autonomy, which became the beginning of vocational middle schools in Sichuan Province. In 1925 (the fourteenth year of the Republic of China), when he was president of national Chengdu University (now Sichuan University), he adopted Cai Yuanpei's policy of inclusiveness in Peking University, insisting on talent orientation and advocating the freedom of thought and learning. Regardless of the opposition of the stubborn conservatives inside and outside the school, he allowed the three schools (the Social Science Research Society of the Communists, the Jianxing society of the three people's principles and the vigilant society of the Nationalists) to exist at the same time and freely contend. The school has a journal of scientific thought, inviting progressives to write articles to promote science and democracy. Under his open policy, the social science research society expanded its influence in the University and became an important garden for spreading revolutionary seeds in Southwest China. After 1927 (the 16th year of the Republic of China), he initiated and organized the Rural Construction Association in Sichuan, and carried out the rural construction movement. In 1930 (the 19th year of the Republic of China), in order to protest against the Kuomintang's suppression of freedom of thought and academic research, he resigned and returned to Nanchong to continue his primary and secondary education.

Establishment of the Democratic League

In 1934 (the 23rd year of the Republic of China), he was invited by Liu Xiang, chairman of the Sichuan provincial government, to serve as chairman of the Sichuan pacification Committee. In 1937 (the 26th year of the Republic of China), after the outbreak of the Anti Japanese War, Zhang Lan was employed as a member of the National Political Council and frequently participated in the Anti Japanese democratic movement. In November 1939 (the 28th year of the Republic of China), Huang Yanpei and Zhang Bojun participated in the democratic constitutional movement and the establishment of the United Nation Building comrades Association in Chongqing. Its purpose is to promote unity, resist Japan together and implement constitutionalism. In March 1941 (the thirtieth year of the Republic of China), he participated in the organization of the China Democratic Political League, was elected as the executive member of the Central Committee, and was elected as the chairman of the Central Committee of the Democratic League. In September 1943 (the 32nd year of the Republic of China), he published "China needs real democratic politics", which exposed the essence of the Kuomintang's false democracy and real dictatorship, clarified the democratic political stand of the Democratic League, and refused to attend the national political conference in order to oppose the Kuomintang's fascist rule. In 1944 (the 33rd year of the Republic of China), the China Democratic Political League was changed to the China Democratic League and continued to serve as its chairman. He led the NLD to always support the Communist Party of China, insisting on the war of resistance and opposing surrender; insisting on unity and opposing division; insisting on progress and opposing retrogression. In December 1945 (the 34th year of the Republic of China), he wrote to the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, putting forward the opinions of the Democratic League on the issues of unity, democracy, military affairs and national construction, and calling on the Kuomintang and the Communist Party to order a truce on the new year's day of 1946.

Devoting oneself to democracy

In January 1946 (the 35th year of the Republic of China), he participated in the Political Consultative Conference held in Chongqing on behalf of the Democratic League. In November, the headquarters of the leading Democratic League issued a statement refusing to participate in the "National Assembly" organized by the Kuomintang. Later, the NLD was declared an "illegal group" by the KMT government. In November 1947 (the 36th year of the Republic of China), Zhang Lan and others were forced to publish the announcement on the dissolution of the headquarters of the China Democratic League. At the beginning of 1948 (the 37th year of the Republic of China), Shen Junru and others decided to resume their headquarters in Hong Kong and cooperate with the Communist Party to implement a new political line. Zhang Lan not only gave political support, but also gave financial support. In the spring of 1949, the Kuomintang authorities put him under house arrest in Shanghai Hongqiao sanatorium. On the eve of the liberation of Shanghai, the underground party organization of the Communist Party of China in Shanghai rescued him.

Participating in and discussing state affairs

In June 1949 (the 38th year of the Republic of China), Zhang Lan and others traveled from Shanghai to Beijing to participate in the preparatory work for the founding of the people's Republic of China. In September, he attended the first plenary session of the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference and was elected vice chairman of the Central People's Government of the people's Republic of China and standing member of the National Committee of the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference. On October 5, 1949, he attended the founding meeting of the general association of Sino Soviet Friendship Association. Zhang Lan was elected vice chairman. On October 9, he attended the first session of the first session of the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference and was elected a member of the Standing Committee of the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference. on December 27, 1949, he continued to be elected chairman at the Fifth Plenary Session of the first Central Committee of the NLD. On October 1, 1952, to commemorate the third anniversary of the founding of the people's Republic of China, he published the article "consolidating the people's democratic regime and uniting international friends".

Chinese PinYin : Zhang Lan