He Nanfeng

He Nanfeng

He Nanfeng (1588-1651), born in Shima, Xingning City, Meizhou, Guangdong Province, is not only a descendant of Linji Buddhism, but also a brilliant poet.

It is also called Mr. banseng, the old man of chutang, the monk of muyuan and the lame Taoist. He was born in the 16th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1588) and died in the 8th year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1651).

Profile

He Nanfeng is the founder of hengshantang School of linjizong Buddhism in China. After he became a monk, he was named Jue Cong, known as Zhifei and Leishan. At first, he was called banseng, also known as muyuan monk and lame Taoist. He was elected in 1615. Later, he decided to become a monk. He toured the mountain temples of Qi, Lu, Wu and Yue. He was the abbot of Manjusri, Longchuan Shiling, Caoyuan and Xiangyun temples in Pingyuan, Hangzhou, Jiaxing and Minnan. In his later years, he was the abbot of Puji temple in Yuzhang, Jiangxi. He Nanfeng read all kinds of doctrines throughout his life, changed his views of similarities and differences, and thought that Confucianism and Buddhism were closely related in many aspects, so he founded the theory of hengshantang, which became a school of Buddhism, Confucianism and Buddhism. This school is very popular in Guangdong, Jiangxi, Fujian and Southeast Asia. More than 100 years ago, a disciple surnamed Hou from Wanxia of Meixian County spread the doctrine of Hengshan hall to Thailand and founded longfu temple. The emperor of Thailand and the princess went to the temple to visit the Buddha. Now, it has been spread to master zhangci (Shi Shanguang, a native of Huangpi, Xingning) of Xingning for six years. After the abbot of zhangci, his doctrine was further developed, and he Nanfeng was always regarded as his master by his disciples. In the early Qing Dynasty, he Shouzhu built a bridge on the river beside a small town at the junction of Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi, and took the lead in donating a lot of silver. His article reads: "if there is a deficiency in the sky, Nuwa's refining stones will make it up; if there is a deficiency in the earth, it will be connected by building bridges; if there is a deficiency in people, it will be made up by cultivating morality. The bridge was built to connect Jiangxi Province and Fujian Province. We only hope that the benevolent people will contribute generously to the United States. It's a preface. The bridge was finally built, and it was widely spread. He Nanfeng died at the age of 64 at Puji temple in Yuzhang, Jiangxi Province, in early June of the eighth year of Shunzhi (1651). He Nanfeng wrote a lot of poems and essays, but he didn't want to collect them into a book. Every few months, he took the manuscripts and put them in. Today, there is only one collection of the remaining manuscripts of Chen Tang compiled by his disciples, which Luo Xianglin compiled into the Xingning Sages Series.

Life of the characters

He Nanfeng was elected in 1606. Later, he decided to become a monk and traveled to famous mountain temples in Qi, Lu, Wu and Yue. He was the abbot of Manjusri in Pingyuan, Shiling in Longchuan, Caoyuan in Xingning and Xiangyun. In his later years, he was the abbot of Puji temple in Yuzhang, Jiangxi. He learned from various schools and founded a new school of Buddhism, Confucianism, monks and vulgarism, with "persuading people to do good" as its main doctrine. Because his theory met the needs of the Hakka people at that time, he had disciples in eastern Guangdong, southern Jiangxi, Western Fujian and Southeast Asia. Nanfeng family is a scholarly family. Her father doubted me and her word was Xinwu. She was a Gongsheng in Wanli period of Ming Dynasty and her mother was Liu. Nanfeng was born with a clear mind. Every time she tried to be a champion, she became a scholar and read a lot. In my early years, when I read the Buddhist sutra, I suddenly realized it and decided to become a monk. His father brought him back from the Buddhist temple and told him to concentrate on the study of Confucian classics. He was elected in the 28th year of the year (Jimao in the 40th year of the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty). The next year, he went to Beijing for an examination. On the way, he met the Pumen Zen master in Huangshan. He talked about Zen and had similar interests. He decided to become a monk again and traveled to Shandong, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Jiangxi and Fujian. Near to Pingyuan, Longchuan, Chaozhou and other place names temple. He was also the abbot of Shenguang Mountain Buddhist temple for many years, and built a Caoyuan temple at the foot of Shenguang mountain. In his later years, he settled in Puji mountain, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, and died in the temple. After Nanfeng died, his disciples Yinzhi built a pagoda in Puji mountain and buried Nanfeng's bones in the pagoda. At that time, the monks of Nanfeng in Shengguang mountain also built a burial mound on the right side of Caoyuan temple to bury Nanfeng's hair, claws and relics. Nanfeng has two sons. Their first name is Xianjia and the second is xiangeng. Both of them are scholars. It is said that Xianjia took part in the anti Qing Dynasty and the restoration of Ming Dynasty in his early years. Nanfeng believed in Buddhism and became a monk. However, she did not stick to formal rituals and prohibitions, and still drank and ate meat. Married and had children, "after marriage, the wife is also harmonious, after the son, the son is filial.". Nanfeng is extremely filial in nature, which means that "the idea of Huiyuan and Jizhi is cherished when you are young, and you can see it through meditation.". Only because he would try to be in debt, he thought that he would be paid by a few officials, and then he would comfort his mother. But he did not become an official in the end. In his later years, he thought of "his mother in the hall, returning home with her staff and shoes, and depending on her parents for several years." After she became a monk, Nanfeng did not forget Confucianism, although she joined Zen and abandoned Confucianism. He thinks that there is no difference between Confucianism and Buddhism, and that monks and customs are also compatible. He took Confucianism's "study things, make peace, level the world" and Shi's "know your heart and mind, measure all living beings" as his tenet. Sometimes he became a monk, sometimes he returned to the common customs. He wrote a biography of banseng to describe himself. It is said that "a word or two is based on the essence of the sages and comes out of the truth of self satisfaction.". Those who believe in it will be able to transcend the world and live through the hardships of life and death. It's called Mr. banseng, but it's his own. " He wrote a lot of poems and essays, but he didn't want to compile them into a book. Every few months, he took manuscripts and put them into the library. Today, there are only 64 poems compiled by his disciples, 11 chants and praises, 8 slips and 12 essays, which are called Chu Tang Yu manuscript. Predecessors have commented: "it is not Mr. Shi's ambition to die of a disease without a name.". It's only strange that today's scholars are practical and talented, and they are free from fame and wealth. There's not much back. "

Main works

He imitated Tao Yuanming's biography of Mr. Wuliu and wrote the biography of Mr. banseng, which is a wonderful article with great personality. It can be seen from this article that Nanfeng has many names: Daojian, also known as Xisan, Jue Cong, Haisheng, Leishan Shizi, mengguan Jushi, Zhifei, lame Taoist and so on. From this series of names, it has revealed its different worldly character. at the beginning of this article, I summarize my life: "who is semi monk?" I know it's not a monk. Why is he called a half monk? He is called a half monk yun'er because he is a monk at that time, popular at that time, and a monk at that time. "When I read the books of Zhou Cheng and Baisha in Yangming, I would like to do my own duty as a Taoist. I would like to give up my son's career, green mountains and green trees, and I would not like to change the purple ribbon and gold medal." "Repeatedly abandon pen and inkstone, no communication, that is to show the celebrity text, all burning. However, after the success of Zen meditation, he often bypasses the mystery of Confucian classics and the beauty of poetry. He hates to see the place and can't wait for it. So he often picks up the disciples of Juye to show them that they can't pass on their Zen, but they can't pass on their Buddhism even with Juye! "This unique and strange mood is actually caused by the huge contrast between he Nanfeng's ideal pursuit and real life. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the society was in a precarious situation. It could neither be "a true Confucian" nor "a king's assistant" for the great cause of governing the country and helping the world. Therefore, he went from Confucianism to Buddhism, hoping to be liberated from nothingness, but he did not forget the reality: on the one hand, the idea of "cultivating Qi and governing Ping" often appeared in his subconscious, and the image of loving mother, wife and daughter also made him difficult to let go; on the other hand, the reality did not allow him to make a difference. This kind of ambivalence, which is helpless and unable to pursue liberation, is described in detail. In the past, the minor songs sung by monks and nuns in Hakka area when they were doing Buddhist work, such as "persuading the dead", "turning off the lamp", "playing the lotus pond" and "blood basin Sutra", were mostly written by he Nanfeng. They are very popular and have been recited for a long time. He Nanfeng went from Confucianism to Buddhism to prove Confucianism. Although he abandoned Confucianism, he did not forget Confucianism. Although he became a monk, he was homesick. He believed that Confucianism and Buddhism had many things in common. The school of hengshantang, founded by him, is not confined to the form and prohibition of Zen meditation. Zen meditation is interlinked with Confucianism, and "self-confidence is the Buddha", "no external demands", "saying to measure all living beings, cultivating oneself to level the world", and actively helping all living beings and self-reliance spirit are praised by Buddhism. The school of Buddhism he founded is widely spread at home and abroad. Master Chang Tzu (Shi Shanguang), the abbot of Lung Fu Temple in Thailand, is his sixth disciple. He Nanfeng's couplets and poems are very philosophical. The first couplet is "who is chanting Buddha? If you don't open this eye, don't touch the wind to catch the shadow; there's no difference in meditation, but if you get the nose and mouth there, it's naturally earth shaking!"; "discipline the foundation of Tao, clear and practice one heart, make the ice pure and jade clean; the seeds of compassion Buddha, including all kinds of goods, must be the same as the sea and the sky.". He wrote that Wuzi went to the divine light again: "the green mountains and trees are shining, and how many tourists are lost.". Several times hanging ladle map far situation, this time with a few dream fragrance. It's tiresome to forget the past without thanking your name. Why do you need to be a hundred two years old in Zhaozhou, but you don't have to rush when you know where to live. It is still popular among people today.

Character story

Once upon a time, he Nanfeng came to Heyuan lighthouse Xiangyun nunnery and saw that the hall was solemn, and the sound of bells and drums came to her ears. She was so excited that she wrote a popular couplet "Nanfeng flies here, and its wings face north from east to west". Unexpectedly, as soon as she stepped into the mountain gate, she was found by a little apprentice, and her thoughts were suddenly heard "Shifu..." Interrupt, can't continue the second couplet. Over the past 400 years, no one has ever checked the upper and lower couplets.

Chinese PinYin : He Nan Feng