Zhang Zhuzhi

Zhang Zhuzhi

Zhang Cambodian (625-706), the word Mengjiang, Xiangyang County, Xiangzhou (now Xiangyang City, Hubei Province) people. Tang Dynasty famous prime minister and poet.

He was a Jinshi, and was awarded Qingyuan county magistrate. Through the examination of virtuous prescription, he promoted the censor and Zhongshu Sheren. Wu Zetian was appointed as the governor of Heshu and the governor of Jingzhou. Recommended by the prime minister Di Renjie, he moved to Sima of Luozhou and paid homage to the Minister of punishment. Yao Chong recommended him to become prime minister by worshiping Zhongshu's minister and Tongping Zhangshi.

In the first month of the first year of Shenlong (705), Huan yanfan, Jinghui and others joined forces to launch the Shenlong coup on the occasion of Empress Wu Zetian's illness. Li Xian, the emperor of the Tang Dynasty, was restored to the Tang Dynasty. He was granted the title of Duke of Hanyang and the title of Prince of Hanyang. He was expelled by Empress Wei and Wu Sansi, then demoted to exile in Longzhou (now Luoding, Guangdong), and died in anger. He was 82 years old. As a posthumous title of Wenzhen, he is entitled to Zhongzong Temple of Tang Dynasty.

Life of the characters

a great man becomes famous late in life

When Zhang Cambodian was young, he dabbled in classics and historical records, and made up for his lack as a student. The son of the state offered wine to Linghu dephen. He thought he was a genius, so he looked forward to him as an assistant of the emperor. After passing the examination, he was transferred to Qingyuan County. In the first year of Yongchang (689), the imperial court called for the examination of virtuous subjects. He was 64 years old. Among the more than 1000 people who answered the questions, Zhang Cambodian ranked first. He appointed officials to supervise the censor, and later moved to Fengge.

Admonish the queen

At this time, the Turkic leader quietly asked his daughter to marry her. Wu Zetian wanted Wu Yanxiu to marry her. Zhang Cambodian said: "since ancient times, there has never been a son of heaven marrying a woman of a different nationality." In violation of Empress Wu Zetian's will, he was transferred to the imperial court as the governor of Renhe and Shu. According to the old rule, five hundred soldiers are stationed in Yaozhou every year. This place is dangerous and miasmatic, and they will die here. Zhang Cambodian said: "the official textual research Yao Zhou, for the ancient Ailao state, is located in eight wasteland outside the territory, dangerous mountains and evil waters. In the Western Han Dynasty, there was no contact with China. During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Tang and Meng opened the way to Yelang, Dian and Zuo, but Ailao did not return. At the end of Guangwu in the Eastern Han Dynasty, it asked to be a vassal state and set up Yongchang County to govern it. Collect its salt, cloth, felt and wool to benefit China. It is adjacent to the Qin Dynasty in the West and Jiaozhi in the south, with abundant rare tribute. When Liu Bei occupied Shu, he was short of armaments. Zhuge Liang crossed Lushui in May, collected his products to replenish armaments, and sent Zhang Boqi to select strong soldiers to strengthen his troops. Therefore, Shu Zhi said that after Zhuge Liang's southern expedition, Shu was rich. The former dynasty set up a county here because it was advantageous. Nowadays, its salt and cloth are not taxed, its rare gifts are not brought into the court, its weapons such as halberds are not used to enrich our army, and its local wealth is not given to the great powers of the Chinese dynasty. However, the imperial court ran out of government property and drove and led the people to be enslaved by barbarians, resulting in tragic death. I feel sorry for your majesty. At that time, the envoys of the Eastern Han Dynasty crossed the Bonan mountain and the Lancang River, and set up Bonan and Ailao counties. For this reason, the people of Shu sent out envoys to sing: "Yue Bonan, cross LanJin, cross Lancang, for others." It is a satire of being slaved by barbarians for the sake of seeking the benefits of rare products. In the Han Dynasty, the people still sang songs of resentment. Now it is the loss of national reserves, the reduction of expenditure and household taxes, so that your Majesty's people can not return to their bodies, so that their mothers and children can only mourn thousands of miles away. The court had no interests, but the people suffered for their whole lives, and the private heart of the officials was distressed for the country. In the past, Zhuge Liang conquered nanzhong and appointed his leader to take charge of it. There were no Han officials or soldiers. He thought that there were three difficulties in setting up officials and reserving soldiers: the establishment of officials was bound to lead to the coexistence of Han people and indigenous peoples, which would cause suspicion and resentment; the disaster of reserving soldiers to transport grain and grass would become more and more serious; the sudden rebellion in the future would inevitably cause serious labor and money. Therefore, the rough laws and regulations, natural long-term stability. The minister thought that Zhuge Liang's strategy had done its best to win over the barbarians. Nowadays, the officials in Yaozhou have neither the consciousness of strengthening the frontier defense and restraining the foreign invaders, nor the ability of Zhuge Liang to capture and control them. They only extort and extort, plunder and maim at will, incite their leaders to form sects, bow to barbarians, bow to them, bow to them, bow to them, bow to them, bow to them, bow to them, bow to them, and give in respectfully. They are no longer ashamed of themselves, or lead their children and students to gather cruel and foolish people to gamble. In total, more than 2000 criminals fled in Yaozhou, specializing in robbery. At the same time, Yaozhou was originally set up by Shi Ziren in the reign of longshuo. Since then, Li XIAORANG and Xin Wenxie, the long history, died in the hands of the aborigines. They ordered Zhao Wugui, the general of Lang, to go to fight, but the soldiers did not survive. They also sent Li Yidan, the general of Lang, to continue to fight, and Liu Huiji, the general of Lang, died in the war. In private, I think Zhuge Liang's theory of "three difficulties" has come true. During the Cuan Chui Gong period, Wang Shanbao, a local Lang General of ethnic origin, and Cuan Qianfu, a kunzhou governor, once again asked to set up a state here, claiming to pay taxes on their own and not to take them from Shu Prefecture. After the establishment of the state, Li he was killed by barbarians. In the middle of the year of yanzai, Sima Chengchen set up seven towns in Lunan, and sent Shu soldiers to garrison them. At the same time, the 57 states under the jurisdiction of Yaozhou governor's office were all extremely cunning refugees. The state set up officials to correct the people's customs and prevent chaos. However, shameless officials are so corrupt and ridiculous. So far, the disaster has not stopped. I'm afraid that the disaster of frightening the country and disturbing the people will grow day by day. Yaozhou should be abolished, Ailao should be subordinate to the governor's office, and its leaders and envoys should meet the emperor on time every year, which is regarded as a foreign country; the towns in Lunan should be abolished, and the Garrison should be set up in Lubei, which is not an envoys of the imperial court and is not allowed to associate with them; the Garrison should be increased, and honest and virtuous officials should be selected to govern. In my humble opinion, I think it's advantageous. " Zhang's memorial was not accepted. Soon he was appointed governor of Jingzhou.

Recommendation

During the reign of Chang'an, Wu Zetian asked Di Renjie, "where can I get a strange man to use him?" Di Renjie said: "if your majesty asks for articles and qualifications, now prime ministers Li Qiao and Su have enough taste. Can it be that the scholars are too rigidly attached to minor matters to accomplish the great cause of the world? " Wu Zetian said, "yes." Di Renjie said: "although Zhang Cambodian is old, he is the talent of the prime minister. With him, he will do his best for the country. " Wu Zetian immediately called Zhang Cambodian to serve as Sima of Luozhou. After a while, Wu Zetian asked for talents again. Di Renjie said, "I once recommended Zhang Cambodian, but you didn't use him." Wu Zetian said, "I have promoted him." Di Renjie said: "I recommend the prime minister to Sima, but this is not to use talent." Therefore, Zhang Cambodian was granted the title of "Si Xing Shaoqing" and promoted to "Shi Lang". After that, Yao Chong was appointed Lingwu military envoy and was about to leave. Wu Zetian recommended another person who could be the prime minister among the officials outside the palace. Yao Chong said: "Zhang Cambodian is deep, steady, strategic and can make decisions. He is old and should be appointed as soon as possible." Empress Wu summoned him on the same day and gave him an official to make peace with luantai of Fengge, and promoted him to be the Minister of Fengge.

Dragon coup

In the first month of the first year of Shenlong (705), Wu Zetian was very ill. Zhang Yizhi, the governor of Lintai, and Zhang changzong, the Minister of chunguan, were in power in the palace. Zhang cambozhi, Cui Xuanwei, Jinghui, Huan yanfan, the Minister of punishment, and Sima yuanshuji, the minister's palace, planned to kill Zhang Yizhi and Zhang changzong. Zhang Cambodian asked Li duozuo, the general of the right feather forest guard, who gave him today's glory and wealth Li duozuo replied with tears: "it was given by Emperor Gaozong." Zhang Cambodian said: "now the emperor's son is threatened by Zhang Yizhi and Zhang changzong, don't the general want to repay the emperor's kindness?" Li duozuo replied, "as long as it's good for the country, I'll listen to my husband's arrangement in everything, and I dare not take care of the safety of myself and my wife and children." So he swore to heaven, and together with Zhang Cambodian, Cui Xuanwei and others, he made a plan to eradicate Zhang Yizhi and Zhang changzong. At the beginning, Zhang Cambodian took over the post of Yang yuanyan, the governor of Jingzhou, and they went boating in the middle of the Yangtze River. When the boat drifted to the middle of the river, they talked about Wu Zetian's contribution to the Zhou Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty. Yang yuanyan was enthusiastic and had the ambition to help the Tang Dynasty. After Zhang Cambodian became prime minister, he recommended Yang yuanyan as general youyulin, and reminded him, "do you remember what we said when we were boating in the middle of the river? Today's appointment is not just for you. " Zhang also appointed Huan yanfan, Jing Hui and Li Zhan, the bodyguard of yousanqi, to be generals of left and right Yulin, and gave them the command of the forbidden army. This incident aroused the doubts and worries of Zhang Yizhi and others, and Zhang Cambodian appointed Wu Youyi, a member of his party, as the right general of Yulin. Zhang Yizhi and others were relieved. Before long, Yao Chong returned from Lingwu to the imperial court. Zhang Cambodian and Huan yanfan talked and said, "great things are going to succeed!" So he told Yao Chong about the plan. Huan yanfan reported the matter to his mother, who encouraged him to say: "loyalty and filial piety can not be both. We should first consider the national affairs, and then consider our own small things." At that time, the Crown Prince Li Xian went into the palace from the north gate to greet Wu Zetian. Huan yanfan and Jing Hui went to see him and secretly told Li Xian their plan. Li Xian allowed them to do so. On the 22nd, Zhang cambozhi, Cui Xuanwei, Huan yanfan and general Xue Sixing of Zuo Weiwei led more than 500 soldiers of Zuo Youyu to Xuanwumen. They sent Li duozuo, Li Zhan, neizhilang and Wang Tongjiao from Anyang to Donggong to welcome Li Xian. Li Xian was suspicious and didn't come out. Wang Tongjiao said: "the former Emperor passed on the throne to his highness, and his highness was imprisoned and dethroned for no reason. The emperor, the people and the people have been indignant for 23 years. Now, God inspires people. The Yulin generals in the north gate, together with the officials in the south gate, are determined to kill the vicious villains and restore Li's country. I hope your highness will go to Xuanwu Gate for the time being to meet everyone's expectations. " Li Xian replied: "vicious villains should be eliminated, but the emperor's holy body is not safe. You should be punished

Chinese PinYin : Zhang Jian Zhi