Zhang Gu

Zhang Tang

Zhang Tang (?)? (116 BC), unknown name, from Jingzhao duling (now Chang'an District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province). In the Western Han Dynasty, he was an official, a cruel official and the father of Zhang Anshi.

At the beginning, he was a jailer of Chang'an. He made friends with Tian Sheng, Marquis of Zhou Yang. He successively served as the county magistrate of Shi NEISHI, Ning Cheng and Maoling, the Prime Minister of Qian (Tian Zhen), and the imperial censor. He was responsible for the trial of the "three kings" conspiracy case, which was appreciated by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. He was awarded Taizhong doctor, Tingwei and leiqian imperial historian doctor. Zhao Yu and other legal works, such as Yue Gong LV and Chao LV, were compiled. He advocated strict punishment and laws, often modified by the righteousness of the spring and Autumn period, and ruled by the emperor's will. He once helped Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty to promote the monopoly of salt and iron, sued and calculated salt, attacked the rich merchants, and cut off the powerful.

In November of the second year of Yuanding (116 BC, December), Li Wen, the Prime Minister of Zhongcheng, and Zhu Maichen, the prime minister (Zhuang qingzhai), were falsely accused of committing suicide.

Life of the characters

The beginning of talent

Zhang Tang is from duling. His father once served as Chang'an Cheng and went abroad, Zhang Tang as his son to guard the house. When his father came back, he found that the meat in the house had been eaten by the mice. His father was very angry and whipped Zhang Tang. Zhang Tang digs a rat hole, catches the rat who steals the meat, and finds the leftover meat. Then he puts on file a case to torture and interrogate the rat, disseminates documents for retrial, thoroughly investigates, and takes both the rat and the leftover meat. The accusation is confirmed, and the rat is sentenced to death in the court. When his father saw it, he read the words of his interrogation of the mouse, just like the old warder who has been handling the case for many years. He was very surprised, so he asked him to write the prison documents. After his father died, Zhang Tang inherited his father. He served as an official of Chang'an for a long time.

Tian Sheng, Hou of Zhou Yang, was once detained in Chang'an for his crime when he served as Jiuqing. Zhang Tang devoted himself to helping him. After his release, he was granted the title of marquis and had a deep friendship with Zhang Tang. He introduced Zhang Tang to all the nobles. Zhang Tang was appointed as the internal history of geishi and the official of Ning Chengyu. Because he did everything right, he was recommended to the prime minister and transferred to Maoling Wei to deal with affairs in the mausoleum.

Hou tianjuan of Wu'an served as the prime minister. He recruited Zhang Tang as the history of the prime minister and recommended him to Emperor Wu. He was appointed as the censor (in the book of Han Dynasty), and ordered him to deal with the lawsuit. When dealing with the case of Queen Chen's Witchcraft, he went deep into his followers. Therefore, Emperor Wu thought he was very capable and promoted him to Taizhong doctor. He and Zhao Yu worked together to formulate various laws and regulations, which must be strict and meticulous, especially for the officials. Soon after, Zhao Yu was promoted to lieutenant and transferred to Shaofu, while Zhang Tang was also promoted to Tingwei. They had a close relationship. Zhang Tang treated Zhao Yu like his elder brother. Zhao Yu was honest and proud. Since he became an official, there has never been a diner in shedi middle school. Gongqing invited Zhao Yu one after another, but Zhao Yu never paid back. His intention was to stop the invitation of friends, relatives and guests, so as to stick to his own ideas. When he received the legal judgment documents, he passed them and did not review them, so as to grasp the faults of the officials. Zhang Tang is a cunning man who plays with wisdom to control others. At the beginning, he served as a petty official and had a close relationship with the palace merchants of Chang'an, such as Da Jia Tian Jia and Yu Weng Shu. When it comes to the position of Guanda Jiuqing, he accepted and made friends with famous scholar bureaucrats all over the country. Although he didn't praise each other in his heart, he still showed his admiration on the surface.

Be appreciated

At that time, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty preferred people with literary talent and knowledge. Zhang Tang decided big cases in an attempt to understand the meaning of the ancients, so he asked his doctoral students who studied Shangshu and Chunqiu to fill in the history of Yanwei in order to solve the difficult issues in the law. The difficult cases mentioned above must be the reason why Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty decided the case in advance. What Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty affirmed was the law of Chen, which was the legal basis for Yanwei to decide the case, so as to show Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty's wisdom. When he was reprimanded, Zhang Tang expressed his thanks to Emperor Hanwu. He also guessed Emperor Hanwu's intention and quoted the correct remarks of Tingwei Zheng, Jian and Heshi, saying: "they had put forward suggestions for their ministers. If the emperor blamed them, he thought that they had not adopted their suggestions. The folly of my servants is only here. "

As a result, mistakes are often forgiven and sometimes praised for playing to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, saying: "my subordinates do not know how to play to your Majesty in this way, but a memorial written by a certain Ting Wei Zheng, Jian or Shi." When he wants to recommend someone, he often praises his advantages and conceals his disadvantages. If Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty wanted to increase the crime, he would let Tingwei prison or Heshi punish the criminals. If Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty wanted to forgive his crime, he would ask Tingwei or Heshi to reduce the crime. If the convicted criminals are bold and powerful, they must be slandered and punished by law. If they were poor and inferior civilians, they would immediately give an oral report to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Although they were still punished by laws and regulations, the ruling of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty was often as Zhang Tang said. Zhang Tang was very cautious about senior officials and often gave their guests food and wine. For the children of old friends, whether they are officials or poor, they are especially considerate. It's a great loss to meet you, and I don't want to avoid the cold and heat. Therefore, although Zhang Tang's usage is severe and unfair, he has gained a good reputation for his practice. And those harsh officials who are used by him like minions are also attached to those who are literate and learned. Prime Minister Gongsun Hong praised his merits many times.

When dealing with the cases of the rebellion of the three kings of Huainan, Hengshan and Jiangdu, they all pursued and tried them thoroughly. Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty wanted to release Yan Zhu and Wu Bei. Zhang Tang argued with Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty: "Wu Bei had planned a rebellion originally, but Yan Zhu was close to his Majesty's close ministers who went in and out of the palace, and he was also close to the princes privately. Without punishment, he will not be able to deal with them in the future." Therefore, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty agreed to punish Wu Bei and Yan Zhu. Most of his contributions are like this. Since then, Zhang Tang was more respected and trusted, and was promoted to the rank of censor doctor.

It happened that hunxie king of Xiongnu and others came down to Han Dynasty. The Han Dynasty mobilized a large army to fight against Xiongnu. The east of Gushan Mountain was dry, and the poor people wandered and migrated. They all depended on the government for food supply, and the government stock was empty. Zhang Tang thus submitted to Emperor Wu's will, asking for the manufacture of platinum money and five baht money, monopolizing the production and sale of salt and iron, and expelling the rich merchants. In order to assist the implementation of the law, the court also announced the arrest warrant, cut off the families merged by the powerful, played with words and slandered them. Every time Zhang Tang went to court, he talked about the country's financial use. At dusk, Emperor Wu even forgot to eat. The prime minister is in vain. He listens to Zhang Tang's opinions on state affairs. All over the country, the people were in a state of turmoil, and the government was unable to profit from the various production activities. The officials plundered the profits and were punished severely according to law. Therefore, the officials below Gongqing, even the common people, denounced Zhang Tang. When Zhang Tang was ill, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty went to see him in person, and he was so expensive.

Against reconciliation

The Huns came to ask for peace, and the officials discussed the matter in front of the emperor. Dr. Dishan said, "it's good for us to make peace." When Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty asked about the benefits, di Shan said, "weapons are lethal weapons and should not be used many times. Emperor Gao wanted to invade Xiongnu, so he got into trouble in Pingcheng, so he made peace with Xiongnu. When Emperor Xiaohui and empress Gao were in power, the world was happy. As for Emperor Xiaowen, he wanted to take military action against Xiongnu, but the northern border was suffering from war. During the reign of emperor Xiaojing, the seven kingdoms of Wu and Chu rebelled. Emperor Xiaojing traveled between the two palaces for several months. After the rebellion of Wu and Chu was settled, Emperor Jing never talked about military affairs, and his country was rich and substantial. Now from his majesty began to attack Xiongnu, making our country empty, the people in the border areas extremely poor. From this point of view, it is better to make peace. " Emperor Hanwu asked Zhang Tang, Zhang Tang said: "he is a stupid Confucian, no knowledge." Di Shan said: "it's true that my subordinates are stupid and loyal, but like the censor Doctor Zhang Tang, they are deceitful and loyal. For example, Zhang Tang tried the case of the rebellion of Huainan and Jiangdu kings, wantonly slandered the princes and kings with vicious words, alienated the flesh and blood relatives of the clan, and made the fanchen feel uneasy. Because of this, I know that Zhang Tang is deceitful and loyal. " So Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty said to Dishan with displeasure, "I want you to be the officer of a county. Can you stop the Huns from entering and plundering?" The answer is "no". Ask again "in charge of a county?" "No," he said Then he asked, "what about a beacon block?" Di Shan knew that if he could not say no more, he would be punished, so he had to say "yes". So Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Di Shan to the border to take charge of a beacon barrier. More than a month later, the Huns cut off Di Shan's head and left. From then on, the ministers were terrified and did not dare to talk about peace.

Blame and disaster

Tian Jia, Zhang Tang's disciple, is a businessman, but he has good moral character. When Zhang Tang was a petty official, he communicated with each other because of money. When Zhang Tang became a senior official, Tian Jia once blamed Zhang Tang for his mistakes, which also showed the style of a loyal and upright man.

Zhang Tang was in his seventh year as the censor. He was finally removed from office.

Li Wen, a native of Hedong County, was estranged from Zhang Tang, and soon became the censor Zhongcheng. In order to vent his anger, he repeatedly searched for evidence against Zhang Tang in Shangzuo's documents, but failed. Zhang Tang had a beloved official named Lu Yeju. Knowing that Zhang Tang was dissatisfied with Li Wen, he ordered others to play up and insinuate that Li Wen was treacherous. Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty handed the matter over to Zhang Tang, who sentenced Li Wen to death. In fact, he knew in his heart that it was Lu Ye's residence. Emperor Wu asked about the incident and said, "how did the accusation of Li Wen's plot come about?" Zhang Tang pretended to be surprised and said, "this is probably caused by the resentment of Li Wen's former acquaintances." Lu Yeju was ill and lived in a family in Lixiang. Zhang Tang visited Lu Yeju and massaged his feet. Zhao relied on smelting and casting for profit. Liu Pengzu, the king of Zhao, accused Tieguan many times, but Zhang Tang always rejected him. The king of Zhao searched for Zhang Tang's secret affairs. Lu Yeju tried the case of King Zhao, and Zhao Yiju tried the case

Chinese PinYin : Zhang Gu