Zhang zuonan

Zhang zuonan

Zhang zuonan (1772-1850), a native of Longshan Village, Pancun township (now Caozhai town), Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, was named Dan village. In 1808, she became a scholar.

One sentence introduction

Life of the characters

Zhang zuonan, a famous astronomer in Qing Dynasty

He is a professor of Chuzhou Fu Xue, a magistrate of Taoyuan and Yanghu counties, a magistrate of Taicang Prefecture, and a magistrate of Xuzhou. Huai Xu Hai is well equipped with troops. In order not to be in power, tired of officialdom, will change simple, then beg for leave. You have been in the forest for more than ten years. He was keen on the learning of calendar and arithmetic of Westerners, but he did not engage in social activities. He said, "instead of wasting money, it's useless to use a small salary to attract craftsmen to make instruments to carve arithmetic books, so as to make a great success of his unique learning." Some of his works are called "Cuiwei Shanfang mathematics". He is erudite and versatile. He explains Cheng and Zhu, explores Heluo and is good at arithmetic. Jiafu collected books, and once wrote cuiweishanfang bibliography according to the books collected by Jiafu. His works include "township party notes", "Zhengwen", "Cuiwei Shanfang mathematics", "Zhilu zhixiaolu", "Yuyu Lu", "Dongguo Xiangtan", etc.

Related events

When Ren Taicang was governor of the state, a robber took advantage of a fire to rob him. He found out the chief culprit, arrested him overnight and brought him back to the city in the early morning. The people were amazed at the speed of solving the case. The LOUHE river has been silted up. After dredging and drainage, more than 700000 mu of farmland has been increased. After leaving his post, he collected his deeds and carved it into "the Famine Policy of Loudong".

In his life, he was keen on the learning of the western people's calendar and calculation, but he didn't socialize with his officials. He said, "instead of wasting money, it's useless to use a small salary to attract craftsmen to make instruments to carve calculation books, so as to make a great success of his unique learning." After resigning and returning home, he devoted himself to astronomy. He has designed and made his own "armillary sphere". He loves arithmetic very much. He is friends with Qi Yanhuai in Wuyuan and Jiang Lintai in Quanjiao. He studies western mathematics together. When performing his duties, he must bring with him a group of copper, wood and stone workers, as well as engraving, equipment and calculation books. When he lived in his hometown, he and Cao Kaitai organized Beilu poetry club.

Contribution Summary

Some of his works are called "Cuiwei Shanfang mathematics". The great rate is a western method, which is promoted and performed. Taking the lines of longitude and latitude of the whole map of Kunyu as the whole table, and attaching them to the sundial method, the volume of chuaixiaolu was completed. In addition, it is calculated that the sun's distance from the horizon and high arc of each solar term is listed in the front, and the vertical and horizontal arc of each solar term is taken as one foot, which is also the same as the former method. The list is listed in the back, and it becomes the third volume of the sequel. Taking the positive arc and oblique arc triangle, including 28 cases, it becomes a volume of "arc triangle corner" and three volumes of "arc angle setting". In addition, a list of the middle stars of the star degrees of Daoguang Guiwei, Tianzheng and winter solstice, together with star charts and tables of precession and diurnal difference, can be added and subtracted according to law day by day year, so that the middle stars and the time can be mutually calculated, forming a volume of new chart of measuring the middle stars, Volume II of Jinhua sundial scenery table, and Volume III of Jinhua gengliouzhong star table. In addition, the stars in Kuiwei, as well as the rise and fall of Tianhan and the longitude and latitude of yellow and red, have been pushed into a volume of star chart. Because the eight line and eight line to degree table takes ten seconds as the rate, it is too heavy, so it is easy to choose. With 60 points per degree, it is divided into three volumes of eight line series and two volumes of eight line logarithmic series. It also deduces the sun's high radian minute by minute in every solar term, which forms a volume of "high arc grass". When he was an official, he often had to measure the land and calculate the granary. Because of the combination of practical use, he wrote five volumes of "measuring the granary general method", seven volumes of "supplement to Fangtian general method" and three volumes of "continuation". Fuhui collected all the books, measured all the methods of Cangtian, and finished the fourteenth volume of Cangtian Tongfa. ——Although most of them are just abstract, it is also a sign of his painstaking efforts to cut down the complexity and simplify them.

Other works include the same and different of the four books, the notes of the rural party, the poems left by cuiweishan house, Mei Zhen's essays, and the manuscript of the book. There are three sons, all of whom are engaged in farming and working. They say: "secular reading is the name of a discipline, and when you become an official, you have bad mental skills. I don't want it to degenerate. "

Posterity evaluation

In the new dictionary compiled and printed by the commercial press in 1912, it is stated that "the name of the star is not different from that of the central star in the Republic of China, but it is listed in 28 places. The central star listed in it is calculated according to Zhang zuonan's central star table

Records in the draft of Qing History

Zhang zuonan, a native of Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, is from Zidan village. Jiaqing 13 years Jinshi, Quan chuzhoufu professor. Taoyuan County, Jiangsu Province, tiaoyang lake. He was called a Confucian official. In the first year of Daoguang, he promoted Taicang to Zhili Prefecture. In the third year, Dashui and zuonan traveled in the rain to explore the disaster stricken villages. They asked about the people's sufferings, stopped collecting money for relief, and borrowed money to settle the property. Dredge the rivers in the territory and give relief to the workers. When the water drained quickly, the farmland dried up, and the spring ploughing was not missed. Xunfengxi went to the prison in Songjiang. The villagers falsely sent officials to the prison. They worried that they would still collect the water and rushed to sue one after another. On the way back, Xiao Huang, the commander, went to Xijing to arrest the chief villain. He was coerced into Wangzhi, and the matter was settled. Zuo Nan was diligent in managing affairs, and there was no stagnant document in the case. In leisure time, they study in bonlantern classes, and their wives and daughters spin until midnight. People laugh that he has been a school official for a long time.

Five years later, he was promoted to the prefect of Xuzhou, and was replaced by a deputy. He made up for the loss by selling 20000 yuan. When Zuo Nan was in danger, governor Tao Shu said, "people in disaster relief are like feeding their children. If they lose their milk, they will die. When we ask you to sell, we are worried about the loss. Is Hu the same to those who are desperate? And the gentry and the people have already paid all the money on behalf of you, so you are not to blame! " Xuzhou was also affected by the disaster, and the people relied on the Soviet Union to raise money and provide relief.

After two years in office, I begged for support. He has lived in the countryside for more than 20 years, but his footprint does not enter the city. The three sons all ordered them to work in agriculture and industry, or asked, "why not still work as a Confucian?" Said: "secular reading for the title, and into the official, the mind is bad, I do not want its depravity also." He studied actuarial science and integrated Chinese and western. In the government, craftsmen made instruments and published books. His book, Huike, is called Cuiwei Shanfang series, which is popular in the world and is regarded as the standard by scholars. Death, sacrifice Xiangxian temple.

Chinese PinYin : Zhang Zuo Nan