Ren Dachun

Ren Dachun

Ren Dachun (1738-1789) was an official and scholar in Qing Dynasty. He was born in Xinghua, Jiangsu Province. In the 34th year of Qianlong reign, he was a Jinshi, the principal of Li official, the editor of Sikuquanshu, and the censor. Ren Dachun, a representative of Yangzhou school in the early stage, devoted his whole life to the research of the system of name and object and the compilation of primary school and historical books. He wrote BianFu Shiyi, Shenyi Shiyi, Xiaoxue goushen, Zitian Shiji, etc.

Profile

Ren Dachun was born in the third year of Qianlong reign of Emperor Gaozong of Qing Dynasty, and died in the 54th year of Qianlong reign. He was 52 years old and had little work on CI. The family is poor. Qianlong 34 years (1769) two a first Jinshi, granted the Ministry of rites principal, Qianlong 38 years (1773) granted the "Siku Quanshu" editor, the transfer of members wailang, doctor, Qianlong 54 years (1789) promoted to Shaanxi Road supervision censor, did not come and died. As a well-known scholar of the Hui school, Ren Dachun is good at learning the book of rites. He is especially good at names and objects, and proficient in all kinds of primary schools.

Ren Dachun was 15 years younger than Dai Zhen. He once worked in the countryside with Dai Zhen and studied Dai Zhen. Therefore, he learned his theory and devoted himself to the study of Confucian classics. After that, he followed Zhu Yun to study, and his knowledge improved day by day. Although Quanshu and Lijing Lei Yao are not very good, they are all detailed by Ren Dachun, who admired their style of simplicity at that time.

Ren Dachun's academic style is rigorous and he pays attention to seeing the big from the small. In his treatment of Li, he wanted to collect all the classics at the beginning. After in-depth study, he realized that Li was vast and difficult to do, so he changed his method, "thinking is to seek the category, one category is finished, but more for other categories.". Later scholars, if they can promote the meaning, step by step, divide and rule, and finally understand the whole Sutra, it will not be difficult to realize their wish. His two books, BianFu Shili and Shenyi Shili, all study the smallest problem in the book of rites. In other words, they are typical examples of the "narrow and deep" research advocated by the Hui school's PU scholars.

Ren Dachun studied extensively in his whole life and made a compromise. His other works include Zi Lin Kao Yi, Xiao Xue Gou Shen, Zi Tian Shi Ji and Wu Yue Bei Shi Zhu. Wang Tingzhen was the most famous of his disciples. In 1765, Enke ranked second and was famous for his classics.

academic research

Ren Dachun had a profound academic background. His grandfather Ren chenjin was a Confucian scholar. Ren Chen Jin, whose character is similar to Wu, was a Jinshi in the fourth year of Qianlong period (1739). He was a scholar with few works. At that time, he studied the classics with great concentration. "He was especially deep in the Xijing, and played the book of changes in a small building every day, although his family rarely saw his face.". He once served as a professor in Huizhou Prefecture, and "huishiduo Tongjing people, Jin Zhi, teachers are all convinced.". Ren Chen Jin's research works on Confucian classics mainly include "Yi Xiang Da Yi Cun Jie", which is included in "Si Ku Quan Shu". The summary of the general catalogue of Sikuquanshu commented: "it's not to compile scriptures, but to compromise the opinions of various schools and to understand the general idea of Yixiang. Therefore, the title of the book is marked with seven examples, and there are still many images. The book first discusses the five elements of Taiji, and also talks about the congenital map of Heluo. However, it is clear and simple, but it can only be understood by the principle. All those who draw the chess score based on the deduction and calculation of classics are cut off. There is a common saying in this book: the later words, like numbers, flow into the subject of art. Their skills are excellent, and their principles are more abstruse. However, they are inclined to a corner, which seems to be a tool reflecting the form. It can be said by Yun Du In addition, Ren Chen Jin's works include the first continuation of Yanxi hall and Houshan Shichao.

Personal achievement

Study on Confucian classics

Ren Dachun inherited family studies and devoted himself to the study of Confucian classics. As early as in his youth, he was impressed by his outstanding achievements. Volume 9 of the original collection of Dai Dongyuan contains the book with Ren Xiaokang and Ren Xiaolian, which is praised by Dai: "he is eager to learn and ponder like you zhi. He is sincere and can't get what he wants." Wang Mingsheng's Xizhuang Shicun manuscript, Volume 15, has a preface to Ren Youzhi, which says at the beginning: "Xinghua Renzi Dachun, the word Youzhi. In his early years, he was more than a crown, but he devoted himself to the Scriptures, and Qin jingjigu. In Yu, Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties, the system of jiaoqiu, JuFa, and zongmiao, the tax law of minefield in Zhouli, the similarities and differences among people, craftsmen, Wugou and Wutu, Wufu in Yugong, Yuanjin in dashima jiuxizhi, and the biography of mourning clothes in Yili, have been studied without attention. Recently, the interpretations of song and Yuan classics by Xu's family in Kunshan are extremely wrong. It is very rare to have a couple in this world. Furthermore, it will be a generation of Confucianists. "It can be seen from Wang Mingsheng's words that Ren Dachun was highly valued by his predecessors when he was about 20 years old.

Ren Dachun's research on Confucian classics mainly focuses on the study of rules and regulations. His important works include Bian Fu Shi Li, Shen Yi Shi Li and Shi Zhang.

Bian Fu Shi Li explains the examples of Bian Fu used in three rites, including Jue Bian Fu, Wei Bian Fu, PI Bian Fu, Chao Bian Fu and xuanduan. For each precedent entry, the scripture notes are cited, followed by commentaries. Deep clothing is a kind of ancient clothing with clothes under it. It was a common dress for ancient princes, bureaucrats and scholars. In the book of rites, Shen Yi: "in ancient times, Shen Yi was covered with a system, which was in accordance with the rules and weighed by the ropes." Zheng Xuan's note: "the name of deep clothes means that even clothes are pure and can be picked." Ren Dachun's "Shenyi Shiyi" is a detailed research on the ancient production of Shenyi. In Shi ZA, Ren Dachun first studied the meaning of "Za" and pointed out that "Za" is the general name of silk, and its color is still deep. Then, according to its texture, thickness, color and the difference between its proper name and alias, he analyzed it one by one, in order to control the complexity.

According to Wang Tingzhen, a disciple of Ren Dachun's, in his "primary school hook Shen Ba", Ren's works of this kind are divided into several chapters on the special topics of "interpretation of color", and then they are integrated to make it complete. It is a pity that his wish has not been well realized.

Textual research on name and object

Zhang Shunhui pointed out in his book Yangzhou learning in Qing Dynasty that Ren Dachun's academic achievements in his whole life are mainly manifested in two aspects: one is to research the system of name and property; the other is to collect and record the lost books of primary school His collected works are mainly Zi Lin Kao Yi and Xiao Xue Gou Shen.

Zi Lin was written by Lu Chen of Jin Dynasty, seven volumes of Sui Shu Jing Ji Zhi and six volumes of Lun Shu Biao in Jiang Shi Zhuan of Wei Shu. According to the radicals of Shuowen, the book is divided into 540 parts. It searches for different characters and makes up for those omitted in Shuowen. At that time, it paid equal attention to 12824 words. The original book has been lost for a long time, and Ren Dachun got eight volumes of Zi Lin Kao Yi, with a total of more than 15000 words, which has exceeded one tenth of the number of words in the original Zi Lin. He said in his own Preface: "today's calligraphy has been handed down to the world, Mo Gu is better than Shuowen and Yupian, while Zilin actually inherits the thread of Shuowen and starts Yupian. If Zi Lin is not handed down, there is a continuation of the six books from Xu to Gu Therefore, it is a Shen He Dian tomb, which is also related to the sound and meaning of the two Tibetan dialects

There are 19 volumes of Xiaoxue goushen, which are very extensive. The book includes Cangjie chapter, Sancang chapter, Fanjiang chapter, guwenguanshu chapter, quanxue chapter, Shenghuang chapter, popular literature chapter, wucang chapter, Gujin Zigu, Zazi, Shenglei, bianshiming, Yunji, Zazi Jiegu, zhouchengnanzi, Xiaoxue chapter, Ziyuan, Zizhi and yinpu《 There are many books, such as Zuowen, zuoyao, zijilue, zilue and guangcang. Wang Niansun's preface to primary school: Ren Junqin is good at writing books. If you fall ill before you have finished your work, you will be left with your manuscript. " Entrusted by his friends, Wang Niansun faithfully tried to publish his book. Wang Tingzhen, Ren Dachun's disciple, said: "the first 12 volumes were hand proofread by Mr. Wang Huaizu of Gaoyou, but the last seven volumes were not proofread It is written in the original form by the Minister of Boshen, the son of the emperor who cherished his ancestors. He published the mistake and gave it to a gentleman who wanted to judge the world. "

Collection of lost books

Ren Dachun's work is very hard, and he often works with illness. Zhang Xuecheng, a close friend of his, once recorded what he saw in Ren Youzhi's biography: "when Yu visited you, it was a disease. When the Court saw you lying down, you compiled LV Chen's Zi Lin. The anecdotes are scattered, and the search is extensive. Chu ink, messy pillow mat. You moan, saying that the disease can not be embarrassed, depending on the growth and decline of the day ear However, at that time, some people even denigrated that "Zi Lin Kao Yi" was a Book stolen by Ren Da Chun. Jiang Fan wrote down the case in the sixth volume of "Han Xue Shi Cheng Ji": "at the same time, there was a famous person named GUI an Ding Xiaopi, who said that he had written" Zi Lin Kao Yi ". The manuscript was kept in Zi Tian's place, and Zi Tian stole the book and signed its name. The author told his colleagues all over, and it was said that he was laughing. But Zitian seems not to have stolen books. " This kind of meaningless slander does not damage Ren Dachun's reputation in the slightest.

Poetry writing

It is worth mentioning that apart from the study of Confucian classics, Ren Dachun's poems are also very good. "Xinghua county annals" said: "the ancient Yuefu Poems are praised by Qian Shangshu, Chen Qun and Shen Wenke." In Xu Ren Zi Tian Shi Chu Ji, Wang Mingsheng praised and said: "his Yuefu is deep and dark, with five ancient twists and turns, and a kind of light wind is far away, and it enters Wei Liu's room. It's really a famous master." The famous poem "speechless is another time's tears, sitting is better than going back to the book", "put the boat back to think less, long guest others difficult" was highly praised by Yuan Mei (Suiyuan Poetry).

Character evaluation

Ren Dachun's life, "only the key household reading, refused to pay homage to the dignitaries." (Shi chaogan's epitaph of Ren Shi Yu) therefore, he was not satisfied politically. In the 25th year of Emperor Qianlong's reign, he was raised in the middle of 23 years old. At the age of 32, he was taught the head of rites department. At the age of 36, he majored in Siku Quanshu. At the age of 49, he moved to wailang, and at the age of 51, he moved to a doctor. Until his death at the age of 52, he was taught the censor of Shaanxi Dao. "Xinghua county annals" said: "he is simple in nature, and can do his best to support his relatives; he is not moral, but he is meticulous.

Chinese PinYin : Ren Da Chun