Sun chuanting

Sun chuanting

Sun chuanting (1593-1643), with the name of Boya and the name of Baigu, was born in zhenwuwei of daizhou (now Daixian County of Shanxi Province) and a famous general of the Ming Dynasty.

A good talent has many strategies. Wanli 47 years (1619), Jinshi and granted Yongcheng county magistrate. Dissatisfied with Wei Zhongxian's dictatorship, he abandoned his official and returned to his hometown. After emperor Chongzhen ascended the throne, he became a doctor of the Ministry of officials and moved to shuntianfu. Chongzhen nine years (1636), as governor of Shaanxi, the formation of the Qin army, Fu killed Chuang Wang Gao Yingxiang. In the 11th year of Chongzhen reign (1638), he cooperated with Hong Chengchou to destroy Li Zicheng's tribe in the south of Tongguan. Li Zicheng led only 18 horsemen to escape into Shangluo Mountain. Later, he disagreed with Yang Sichang, Minister of the Ministry of war, and was jailed by Emperor Chongzhen. In 1642, Wang qiaonian took over the post of governor of the three sides of Shaanxi Province. Soon after that, he was in charge of the military affairs of Henan, Huguang, Sichuan, Jiangnan and other seven provinces. He took the title of minister of the Ministry of war and granted him a sword. Emperor Chongzhen forced his troops out of Tongguan to release Kaifeng.

In August 1643, sun chuanting rushed out of the customs. In October, he fought with Li Zicheng in Ruzhou, and the Ming army was defeated, with more than 40000 casualties. Sun chuanting immediately led the remnant back to Tongguan. Li Zicheng chased for 400 Li day and night, and used sun chuanting's handsome flag to open the gate of Tongguan. Sun chuanting was killed on the spot, and after that, there was no way to find his body in the capital. However, Emperor Chongzhen thought that he feigned death and absconded, but did not give him any shade. In 1776, Emperor Chongzhen only pursued his posthumous title as "Zhongjing".

In the same year. Li Zicheng conquered Xi'an. Mrs. sun's wife Zhang led her two daughters and three concubines to commit suicide in a well. Her only eight year old son, Shi Ning, was adopted by an old man. Five months later, the Ming Dynasty perished. "The history of Ming Dynasty" said: "the court died and Ming died." He has six volumes of Bai Gu Ji and one volume of Jian Lao Lu.

Life of the characters

Early career

According to the records of daizhou sunshi Jiacheng written by Daixian sunshi, sun chuanting's first ancestor moved to Shanxi in the early years of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty. His first ancestor sun Cheng (birth: Sun Shun) was appointed as one hundred families of zhenwuwei in Hongwu Period. He moved from gushuli village, Guangshan County, runing Prefecture, Henan Province to daizhou, Shanxi Province, and then settled here. Since then, his descendants have multiplied and been respected as the first ancestor of the migration.

Sun chuanting was a talented man with a lot of strategies. In 1619, he was a Jinshi and a magistrate of Yongcheng. In the early years of Tianqi's life, he entered Beijing and worked as an official of the Ministry of official affairs. Then he rose to the rank of doctor Ji Xun. Two years later, because he was dissatisfied with Wei Zhongxian's dictatorship, he abandoned his official and returned to his hometown.

In the autumn of 1635, sun chuanting was appointed as the chief physician of shuntianfu.

The first battle in Northern Shaanxi

In March of the ninth year of Chongzhen (1636), he volunteered to be the governor of Shaanxi Province and was responsible for exterminating the peasant army. Sun chuanting built his army in Yulin, named Qin army. At this time, Hong Chengchou was fighting with Li Zicheng in Northern Shaanxi. After Lu Xiangsheng was transferred to Xuanda governor, the leader of the people's army Gao Yingxiang came back from Huguang and came to Shaanxi to attack Xi'an from Hanzhong. Sun chuanting led the Qin army to guard, but Gao Yingxiang was unable to conquer it, so he planned to enter from Ziwu Valley to Xi'an. According to sun chuanting, Gao Yingxiang was defeated four days after the fierce battle in heishuiyu of Ziwu valley. Later, he was captured and sent to Beijing for execution. His subordinate Li Zicheng succeeded Chuang Wang.

Shangluo to suppress bandits

At the beginning of the tenth year of Chongzhen (1637), Ma Jinzhong and other troops crossed the west to Shaanxi and attacked Shangzhou, Luonan, Lantian and other places. Sun chuanting led his troops and other Ming armies to attack the uprising forces such as shengshiwang, guabeiwang, yizhifei and zhentianwang with their superior forces, which made the area south of Guanzhong more stable.

In the 11th year of Chongzhen (1638), when the rebellion troops of Tianxing and huntianxing led to Chengcheng from Hui (now Huixian County of Gansu Province) and Qin (now Tianshui city of Gansu Province) via Fengxiang, sun chuanting directed some of the five routes to attack. The rebellion troops killed more than 2000 people in the area of Yangjialing and Huanglongshan. They also killed more than 300 people in the area to the west of Wanzhou (now Fuxian County of Shaanxi Province) and to the east of Heshui In the valley, the rebel army was defeated again by the tactics of dividing troops to intercept and ambush by maneuver. After defeating the Wanzhi and luozhi troops led by Ma Jinzhong and Ma Guangyu who came to the aid of the Shaanxi rebel army, they ambushed with Hong Chengchou in the south of Tongguan with heavy troops, so that almost all the troops of Li Zicheng, the conqueror, were destroyed. Li Zicheng only broke through with 18 cavalry.

So far, the uprising army in Shaanxi was almost suppressed. At this time, the Ming army was in good condition, but because the Qing army invaded the Great Wall at this time, Emperor Chongzhen sent Hong Chengchou and sun chuanting back to Beijing for defense, and Li Zicheng was relieved.

Resignation and imprisonment

In August of the 11th year of Chongzhen (1638), duo Ergun and Yue Tuo led the Qing soldiers to enter the Great Wall from waiziling (now the northeast of Miyun) and Qingshankou (now the northeast of Qianxi), and the Ming capital was under martial law. Lu Xiangsheng, the governor who supervised all the troops to enter the capital, died in the battle of Julu. Ming tingsui called sun chuanting and Hong Chengchou to take charge of the defense of the capital. Sun chuanting was promoted to the rank of youdailang and youjindu censor of the Ministry of war, commanding various reinforcements. After sun chuanting arrived in the outskirts of Beijing, because of the deep conflict between him and Yang Sichang, the moderator, and the Zhongguan, Emperor Chongzhen ordered him not to come to the court in Beijing, while Hong Chengchou was comforted in the outskirts of Beijing and ordered to visit emperor Chongzhen. Sun chuanting was naturally dissatisfied with this unfair treatment. Yang Sichang appointed Hong Chengchou as governor of Jiliao, and advocated that all the Shaanxi army should be left to guard Jiliao. Sun chuanting strongly opposed this, saying that "the Qin army can't stay.". If you stay, you will be able to expand the strength of the bandits, which is not beneficial to the border. It is also a way to withdraw troops on behalf of the bandits. " Yang Sichang ignored sun chuanting's opinions. Sun chuanting was so depressed that he was deaf.

In 1639, the imperial court transferred sun chuanting to Baoding, Shandong and Henan military affairs. Sun chuanting immediately went to see the emperor, but he failed because of Yang Sichang's obstruction. Sun chuanting was angry in his heart and told him to stop his illness. However, Yang Sichang did not let it go, saying that sun chuanting's claim to be ill was an act of evasion. Emperor Chongzhen was so angry that he demoted sun chuanting as a civilian and then imprisoned him for a sentence.

In 1640, Li Zicheng moved his army to Henan, where he was in great hunger. According to historical records, the hungry people "were afraid that they would not be able to achieve their own goals" and "tens of thousands of people would be able to achieve their own goals". During sun chuanting's three years in prison, Xiong Wencan and Yang Sichang were defeated in the war to suppress the uprising army. Li Zicheng, the conqueror, opened up a situation in Henan, supporting hundreds of thousands of soldiers.

The battle of persimmon garden

In February of 1642, when Li Zicheng surrounded Kaifeng for the second time, Emperor Chongzhen extracted sun chuanting from the prison and ordered him to lead a strong army to help Kaifeng. Soon, the situation changed. Li Zicheng broke away from Kaifeng and captured Wang qiaonian. So sun chuanting went to Shaanxi instead and took over the post of governor of the three sides. He returned to the post where he had been away for three years. After Wang qiaonian was defeated by the peasant army, the encirclement of Kaifeng was restored. Before sun chuanting was sitting in the position of governor of Shaanxi, Emperor Chongzhen ordered him to go out to rescue Kaifeng. At the same time, Emperor Chongzhen gave him a secret order to kill he Renlong. He Renlong was a famous long legged general. In the 13th year of Chongzhen, when Yang Sichang besieged Zhang Xianzhong and Luo Rucai, he returned from Kaixian county to Shaanxi Province. As a result, Zhang Xianzhong broke through the siege and calmly entered Sichuan, which was out of control. In Xiangcheng campaign and Xiangcheng campaign, he abandoned the commander twice, resulting in the failure of the war, and the two supervisors were killed. He Renlong, Li Zicheng and Zhang Xianzhong are fellow villagers. They are all from Mizhi, Shaanxi Province. Chongzhen suspected that he was secretly cooperating with the enemy, so he secretly ordered sun chuanting to kill he Renlong.

On the first day of may in 1642, sun chuanting called a meeting of the generals in Xi'an. At the meeting, he Renlong was suddenly arrested, and then the emperor Chongzhen announced his will to behead him. After the execution of he Renlong, sun chuanting promoted his deputy chief Gao Jie to replace he Renlong. Gao Jie was Li Zicheng's nemesis. He used to be Li Zicheng's subordinate, but later had an affair with Li Zicheng's wife. After the incident, he abducted Li Zicheng's wife and surrendered to the army. At this time, there were three trumps in the hands of the officers and soldiers: first, the Shaanxi soldiers; second, the Huguang soldiers; third, the Baoding soldiers. The governors of Shaanxi soldiers were Fu Zonglong, Wang qiaonian and sun chuanting. The governors of Huguang soldiers were Ding Qirui and Hou Xun. The governors of Baoding soldiers were Yang Wenyue. He Renlong is the chief General of Shaanxi soldiers, Zuo Liangyu is the chief General of Huguang soldiers, and Hu Dawei is the chief General of Baoding soldiers. In addition, there are Sichuan soldiers of Kong Zhenhui, Shandong soldiers of Liu Zeqing, Nanjing soldiers of Zhu Dadian, etc. the forces are small and scattered. Emperor Chongzhen tried to unite the three forces to encircle and suppress the people's army. However, under the great pressure of the people's army, the main generals of the three armed forces could not come down, and the three armed forces could not coordinate with each other, resulting in a disastrous defeat.

In the Xiangcheng campaign, the Shaanxi soldiers led by Wang qiaonian rescued Zuo Liangyu's Huguang soldiers. Unexpectedly, Huguang soldiers didn't cooperate in the battle after the siege. This unjust act led to the collapse of Shaanxi soldiers. As a result, Wang qiaonian died and sun chuanting took over. Two by two, the three front armies were defeated. After the battle of Zhuxianzhen, Yang Wenyue fled to runing to heal his wounds, Zuo Liangyu fled to Xiangyang to breathe, and sun chuanting took a rest behind closed doors in Shaanxi. The three armed forces have been scarred, unable to organize rescue Kaifeng, can only hide in the distance. No wonder Hou Xun would say that he would give up the Central Plains and put the country first. However, Chongzhen did not take his advice, instead, he put him in prison again.

After several months of rest in Shaanxi, sun chuanting had little savings. Emperor Chongzhen constantly urged him to March. In October, sun chuanting took the newly recruited soldiers to the army. All the way, the officers and soldiers stopped fighting, sneaked in the mountains and approached the people's army secretly, intending to surprise them. In Jiaxian County, Henan Province, the officers and soldiers sneaked into the vicinity of the people's army. Sun chuanting ordered Zuo Yi to lead the left army, Zheng Jiadong to lead the right army, Gao Jie to lead the Chinese army to set up ambush, and Niu Chenghu to lead the former army to challenge the people's army and lure the enemy into depth. Soon after the two sides met, Niu Chenghu pretended to be defeated and led the people's army into the encirclement. The people's army sprang up in ambush on all sides. The people's army was caught off guard and fled eastward. The officers and soldiers chased and killed 30 Li. When sun chuanting's strength was inferior to that of others, he won the victory with wisdom, and the officers and soldiers achieved great success

Chinese PinYin : Sun Chuan Ting