Zhou Lianggong

Zhou Lianggong

Zhou Lianggong (1612-1672), with the character "Liang", is also known as tao'an, jianzhai, yuzhai, Shiyuan, oak garden and so on. Scholars call him Mr. oak garden and Mr. oak Xia. Henan Xiangfu (today's henankai fengxiangfu District) people, late Ming and early Qing officials, writers, Seal Engravers, collectors.

In 1640, Zhou Lianggong was a Jinshi and a former magistrate of Weixian County in Shandong Province. He moved to Zhejiang Province to supervise the censor. After entering the Qing Dynasty, he served as the salt Dharma road of Huaiyang, the military preparation road of Huaiyang, the governor of Fujian, the left Deputy censor of duchayuan, and the right servant of Hubu. Later, he was impeached and sentenced to death, and was pardoned. In the first year of Kangxi (1662), it was restored to Qingzhou Haidao and Jiang'an grain storage road. In 1672, he died in Jiangning at the age of 61.

Zhou Lianggong is erudite and versatile. He has profound attainments in poetry, stone, calligraphy and painting. Yan Yu's poetics is highly praised by the eight masters of the Tang and Song dynasties. His works include Lai Gutang collection, Du Hualu, etc.

(source of overview map) < / I >

Life of the characters

Early experience

Zhou Lianggong was born on the seventh day of April in the 40th year of Wanli reign (1612) of Ming Dynasty.

In 1622, his father, Zhou Wenwei, was not willing to stay here, so he became the master of Zhuji, Zhejiang Province. The next year, Zhou Lianggong followed his father to Zhuji. He often followed his father around the mountains and rivers and wrote poems, which surprised all the people in his company. In the autumn of the same year, he made friends with Chen Hongshou with pen and ink, and visited Wuxie mountain with him from time to time.

Zhou Wenwei had a strong political voice in office, and the local people were very grateful to him. However, at that time, Wei Zhongxian was in charge and his political platform was chaotic. Because of this, he often ran counter to the orders of his superiors, who were quite dissatisfied with him. In the fifth year of Tianqi (1625), Zhou Wenwei was transferred from Zhuji to be a minor official. Unable to bear the humiliation, he resigned and returned to Nanjing with Zhou Lianggong.

In 1626, Zhou Lianggong devoted himself to the imperial examination in Nanjing. Liu Shisheng set up the state nunnery of Jianyou. He often attended lectures for several years. Later, Liu Shisheng's "Biaoxian handout" was mostly collected. He wrote with Gao Fu and others in a retro style and refused to follow the style, which was appreciated by AI Nan Ying.

The journey of imperial examination

In the autumn of the third year of Chongzhen (1630), Zhou Lianggong took part in the year-end examination, and joined with Yang Tingshu, Wan Shouqi, Chen Zilong and Wu Weiye. Zhou Lianggong drank in the Qinhuai River boat with other emperors and made friends with Wan Shouqi. After that, Zhou Lianggong took the exam many times, but he was not allowed to take the exam because he was born in North China (for details, please refer to the North South list case, Zhou Lianggong was born in Henan). Mr. Zhan Guangshou of Jingzhao is a year-old student, and Mr. Zhou Liang is the champion. However, people who are jealous of him try every means to block him. In desperation, Mr. Zhou leaves. Later, he went with his father to visit his aunt in Kaifeng. Zhou Lianggong was shocked and depressed, so he stayed here, and his father returned first.

In 1633, Zhou Lianggong returned to Kaifeng from Nanjing. He was known by Zhang minbiao, a famous local Confucian. He opened a school in his home to teach his eldest son to read. Zhou Lianggong taught during the day, studied hard at night, and forgot to eat and sleep. He stayed at Zhang mingbiao's house for eight years.

In the autumn of the 12th year of Chongzhen (1639), Zhou Lianggong took part in the Zhongzhou < I > (Kaifeng) < / I > rural examination. His real estate Teacher Wang Shixiu (then GUI de Tui Guan) < / I > saw his examination paper and said to others, "this is not a Zhongzhou taxi." When he learned that he was from the south, he looked at him. As soon as his articles came out, they were widely praised, and scholars were still studying them. In the spring of the next year, Zhou Lianggong went northward to Beijing to take the examination, and then went to the middle school.

In the spring of 1641, Zhou Lianggong went to the capital to pay homage to Chen Hongshou. He met Chen Hongshou again and formed a poetry club with Jinbao and Wu Ruilong, so he became a close friend with Chen Hongshou. Zhou Lianggong was awarded the < I > (today's Weifang, Shandong) order of Laizhou Prefecture, Shandong Province. When he was about to take up his post, Chen Hongshou presented the painting of returning home, and Fang Yizhi wrote the poem of returning home.

A new official career

Zhou Lianggong had many preferential policies in Weixian County, which was praised by Weixian people. In addition to his political career, Zhou Lianggong established a literary society to select students from Laizhou. Among them, 12 became officials in the name of Jinshi. Among them, FA ruozhen, song Kefa, Kuang Lanxin, Wang Xun, Wang Ruchen and Shan ruolu were the most famous.

In the winter of 1642, the Qing army entered the fortress and the cities of Shandong fell one after another. In December, the army came to Wei county. Zhou Lianggong mobilized the gentry and the people to fight against the enemy, and vowed to defend the city to the death. His concubine, Wang sun, also shot guns and beat drums. During the interval of the battle, Zhou Lianggong and his concubine Wang sun generously wrote poems to stimulate their morale, including "poems on the city" and "poems on the White Wolf River". In March of the next year, the Qing army returned to the north. Weixian people thank him for preserving Weifang's kindness and setting up a memorial temple for him. Zhou Lianggong's several dissuasions were of no help.

On November 23, 1643, Zhou Lianggong, who had made outstanding achievements in Weixian County, was promoted to the capital by "promoting integrity and excellence in the world".

Suffering from national calamity

In the 17th year of Chongzhen (1644, the first year of Shunzhi, Emperor Shizu of the Qing Dynasty), Zhou Lianggong had just been granted the post of censor of Zhejiang Dao, and Li Zicheng had already broken the capital. So Zhou Lianggong took a shortcut back to Nanjing to meet King Zhu Yousong. At that time, Ma Shiying and others took control of the government and instigated party members to attack the old people of the Restoration Society headed by Hou Fangyu. Feng kezong, the Royal Guard, framed Zhou Lianggong for colluding with the bandits. He was arrested and interrogated, but no evidence was found, so he was reinstated. Soon, Ma Shiying planned to capture Liu Zongzhou, a loyal minister. Seeing the corruption of the imperial platform, Zhou Lianggong was disheartened with the Southern Ming Dynasty, so he took his parents to live in seclusion in NIUSHOUSHAN.

In the second year of Shunzhi (1645), Prince Duoduo of Henan sent troops to Jiangnan. Ma Ruan of the Southern Ming Dynasty rejected Zhou Lianggong, but they went to the Qing Dynasty to win him over. Zhou Lianggong was demoted to the Qing army and took the post of censor to appease the Lianghuai army. Later, he was appointed salt transportation envoy of the Lianghuai army. Zhou Lianggong also sent his subordinates to pay homage to Sheng Yusi's mother, redeem their land, buy tombstones for Sheng Yusi, redeem Book houses, publish poems and articles, and invite Yangzhou Governor Chen zhouzheng to make up for the county seat with his friendship. Not long after, Zhou Lianggong was promoted to Huaiyang Coastal Defense Corps, managing military and salt affairs in Yangzhou. There are many measures to benefit the people. The people expressed their gratitude and established a memorial temple for him in Yangzhou. When he left Yangzhou, the people poured out the city to cover him, and the wailing voice moved the world.

Official career in Fujian

In June of the third year of Shunzhi (1646), Aixinjueluo BOLUO, the imperial clan of the Qing Dynasty, entered Zhejiang. In April of the next year, in order to expand the achievements of Boluo and consolidate and strengthen the rule of the Qing Dynasty in Fujian, Zhou Lianggong was transferred to Fujian and was promoted to Fujian envoy to suppress the anti Qing struggle of Fujian people. In October, Zhou Lianggong arrived in Shaowu. Outside the city, there was a beacon fire, and both water and land routes were blocked, so there was no access to the provincial capital. During the day, Zhou Lianggong supervised the soldiers to fight and guard, while at night, he only guarded the city tower and wrote poems. Zhou Lianggong also built a poetry story building, where he offered sacrifices to Yan Yu, a Shaowu man, and called all the poets who could compose poems to sing with him. On New Year's Eve, Zhou Lianggong sleeps alone in Shaowu tower. He thinks of his family and friends, and has mixed feelings.

In April of the fifth year of Shunzhi (1648), Zhou Lianggong planned to kill three thousand traitors Xiong Zaifa and Qin Denghu. In early summer, Zhou Lianggong arrived in Fuzhou. After World War II, Fuzhou was desolate, and there were no official houses. Zhou Lianggong eradicated the powerful, eliminated the bandits and appeased the refugees. Only with his measures can the people of Fujian settle down and establish their businesses.

In 1649, Zhou Lianggong was promoted to the post of Fujian right chief minister. At that time, Guangdong and Guangxi were still undecided, and the Qing government planned to transfer him to Guangdong. Some people thought that Zhou Lianggong "governed Fujian for a long time and won the hearts of Fujian people; however, Fujian was not generally stable, so Zhou Lianggong could not leave.". So Zhou Lianggong was able to stay.

In July 1650, Zhou Lianggong was the agent of jiannandao to appease Zeng Province, the leader of the peasant army, and disintegrate the anti Qing armed forces in Tingzhou.

In the autumn of 1651, Zhou Lianggong went to Yanping as an agent of Yanjian road. In order to suppress the rebellion, Zhou Lianggong rode into Shaowu's rebel camp to recruit Geng Hu, the leader, and then suppressed the anti Qing troops of monk Chen in Jianning and Wu sainiang in Yanping.

In the ninth year of Shunzhi (1652), Zheng Chenggong's Department besieged Zhangzhou, and there was no grain in the city. Zhou Lianggong was ordered to patrol the roads on behalf of Zhangzhou, break through the siege, and assist in guarding the city. In Zhangzhou, Zhou Lianggong repaired trenches, replenished armaments, and paid military salaries. After the liberation of Zhangzhou, the corpses inside and outside the city were in a mess. Zhou Lianggong donated money to collect and bury more than 100000 corpses, distributed grain and cooked porridge for the hungry people, and redeemed more than 1000 children of good families who were plundered by the Qing army.

Shunzhi ten years (1653), Zhou Lianggong dispatch department Xingquan road. At that time, the governor of Fujian, Liu Qingtai, was preparing to send troops to annihilate Zheng Chenggong because he was helping Zheng Chenggong from the 14 villages along the coast of Xingquan. Zhou Lianggong tried his best to dissuade them and told the people in the villages to prepare wine and meat to reward the Qing army, so that the people would not be burned. In the summer of the same year, Zhou Lianggong was promoted to the post of Zuo Buzheng in Fujian Province, the first Han nationality to accept the post of Zuo Buzheng in the early Qing Dynasty. After taking office, Zhou Lianggong wrote in the Yamen Hall: "there is no need to spend money on the cashier, and the cashier is the original seal"; "the cashier will receive the approval upon receipt, and the approval will be received upon receipt".

Two jails

In the autumn of 1654, Zhou Lianggong was transferred to Beijing and served as the left Deputy censor of duchayuan. When they left Fujian, the local people's trumpets moved the ground, and some even destroyed the bridge out of the province, so that Zhou Lianggong and his party could not pass.

In the spring of 1655, in view of the military situation in Fujian, Zhou Lianggong

Chinese PinYin : Zhou Liang Gong