Wu Tang

Wu Tang

Wu Tang (1813-1876) was born in Xuyi, Anhui Province (now Sanjie Town, Mingguang City, Anhui Province). He was a political figure in the late Qing Dynasty. He was the governor of Sichuan Province and the general of Chengdu. He is the author of wangsanyi Zhai poetry notes and wangsanyi Zhai manuscript.

Life of the characters

Early experience

Wu Tang was born on July 24, 1813 (August 19, 1813) in a civilian family in laosanjie village, Sanjie Town, Mingguang City, Anhui Province. It is said that when he was young, his family was very poor, and he could not afford to have a plaster. His study was always under the snow and the moon. in 1835, he was elected. In 1849, Taoyuan County (now Siyang County, Jiangsu Province) of Huai'an Prefecture was granted the order of the first class. During his term of office, he was diligent in political affairs, often modified travel, visited the poor, civilized the people, ruled the county by culture, and personally ruled the banditry and flood. He was in charge of the territory for three years. In the first year of Xianfeng (1851), he was transferred to Qinghe County Magistrate of Huai'an Prefecture, where petty officials, gambling and theft were strictly prohibited. In 1852, Wu Tang was promoted to the governor of Pizhou. He carried out the policy of "punishing the first evildoer and dissolving the second evildoer". He personally led the young men, captured them according to their names, explored the disaster situation, built water conservancy projects, provided relief to the people and adopted abandoned babies. At the juncture of Shu and tan, he bravely beat back the masses in Shandong Province. The place was temporarily quiet and praised by Pimin.

Suppress the uprising

In the second year of Xianfeng, there was a flood in Pizhou. Wu Tang was the magistrate of Qinghe County. He strictly prohibited petty officials, despicable sects, gambling and thieves. His political achievements were the best. Therefore, the Qing government appointed Wu Tang to be the magistrate of Pizhou. Wu Tang thinks that stealing is also a child, those who accumulate evil will be eradicated, and those who cooperate should be disbanded. After assuming the post, he led the strong men and set up various methods according to their names. More than 2000 abandoned babies were adopted. He was praised by the scholars and the people. In addition, Wu Tang also made many private visits, investigated the people's situation, actively advocated donation, provided relief to the people, straightened out the officials, took official affairs seriously, prohibited gambling, built water conservancy projects, worked hard and loved the people, consulted and visited the patients, taught the ignorant, followed the instructions of his father and brother, and made the people independent. When it comes to punishing and eradicating violence, it is also very strict in law enforcement, and it is not tolerated. For a time, it is the most important thing to govern and act, and the public opinion is calm. He also personally led Xiang Yong to attack Shandong Jiaozhong who attacked Pizhou in gaotanggou at the junction of Tancheng and Muyang, and "captured and killed hundreds of people.". The place is peaceful and appreciated by the superior. Wang Maoyin recommended talents in a compromise, referring to the fact that Wu Tang, the governor of Jiangsu Province, was "serious in catching robbers and praised by the people". At the beginning of the third year of Xianfeng (1853), Wu Tang returned to be the magistrate of Qinghe County. At that time, the Taiping Army and Nien army were on the rise, fighting against the Qing Dynasty, killing officials, and shaking up China. The Qing government was on the verge of collapse. Wu Tang led the army between Xu and Huai. When the Taiping army occupied Yangzhou, it was difficult to slaughter the city. The news came that Huai people moved one after another. For a time, the rich sigh in the room, the rich still in the door, the poor and the strong like Tao. Wu tanggui said: when the army of the Qing Dynasty was coming, Huai sent people to meet him. He felt a little relieved, and most of them returned. When Wu Tang had no city or military power, he called on the local gentry and the local gentry to gather the local bravery, advocate League training, and declare discipline. In a few months, tens of thousands of people joined hands to defend together. In 1860, Li Daxi and Zhang Zongyu, the Nien army, led more than 20000 troops to conquer qingjiangpu (now Huai'an City) in Qinghe County, and killed Wu Baojin, the Huaiyang Road, the deputy general Shu Xiang, and the governor general he Geng, who fled to Huai'an City. Wu Tang, fearless in the face of danger, gathered courage from the countryside, stationed on the rubble, personally supervised the battle on the Pubei polder of Qingjiang River, and finally defeated the Nian Army. Due to his meritorious service in guarding the city, Wu Tang made up for Xu Haidao in that year and awarded him a member of Xu Haidao (the fourth grade official). Xianfeng 11 years (1861) promoted Jiangning Buzheng Shi (from the second grade officer), Acting General Administration of water transport. In the second year of tongzhi (1863), he was granted the title of governor of water transport. In the third year of tongzhi (1864), he was the governor of Jiangsu Province, and in the next year he acted as the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi. Because Jiang Huai did not ask him to stay, he did not succeed. He remained as Cao Du, and later he acted as the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi for a short time.

Governor of Sichuan

Tongzhi five years (1866) transferred to Fujian and Zhejiang governor (zhengerpin) (Jiadu Chayuan Youdu Yushi, Minister of the Ministry of War title). At that time, Zuo Zongtang set up the Fuzhou Shipping Administration Bureau, but Wu Tang thought: "the shipping administration may not be successful. What's the benefit of it?" Ren neili rebelled against Zuo Zongtang, the former governor of Fujian and Zhejiang Province, for his actions in shipping affairs. He impeached Zhou Kaixi, ye Wenlan, Li Qinglin and other important members of the Shipping Bureau, which made the people of the Shipping Bureau feel self-threatening and criticized by Zuo Zongtang and Shen Baozhen, the Minister of shipping. in 1867, he was transferred to the governor of Sichuan Province to assist Guizhou Province in pacifying the Miao uprising. In 1869, when Liu yuezhao, the governor of Yunnan and Guizhou, impeached Wu Tang to serve in Sichuan, his servants asked for gifts from his subordinates, and Yan Guan impeached Taoist Zhong Jun and others for "swaggering". The Qing government ordered Li Hongzhang, the then governor of Huguang, to investigate. Li Hongzhang repeated that Wu Tang had been falsely accused, so he was exempted from investigation. In 1871, the general of Chengdu was sent to donate 200000 liang of silver to the famine victims. In 1874, the military affairs of Yunnan and Guizhou were completed, and Wu Tang was praised for his contribution to the association. They also pacified the civilian armed forces in Guanxian county. As for the problem of donating officials at that time, he pointed out in his recital: there was a strong trend of donating officials in Sichuan, so they did not hesitate to borrow usury for donating officials; even if they were talented, they would not endanger people's livelihood because of the pressure of debt repayment. He asked for a "flexible ministry proposal" to select talents from the subordinates who met the conditions of long experience and clarify the administration of officials.

Origin of death

In November of the first year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu (1875), due to illness, he asked for a vacancy. In the first month of the second year of Guangxu (1876), he was granted permission to open the office; he returned to his native place in March; he died of illness on May 29 (July 20, 1876) in Wu mansion, West Street, Chuxian county (today's Chuzhou), Anhui Province.

Main works

He is the author of wangsanyi Zhai poetry notes and wangsanyi Zhai manuscript. It is now in the ancient books Department of Nanjing Library.

Historical records

Records of Huaiyin City annals

In Huaiyin City annals, he wrote his biography as follows: "he has been diligent in his studies since he was a child." his family is extremely poor, and he can't afford to have plaster. His study is always under the snow and moonlight. " He is from a family background. He has successively served as magistrate of Taoyuan and Qinghe counties and magistrate of Pizhou. Taoyuan County's popular name is tough. In the past, those who were in charge of politics were "fierce in rate and broad in Tang". He often went to the countryside to patrol. The police were evil and pitied for the poor. Qinghe County was transferred to deal with disputes within the county boundary. There were many robbers in Pizhou, and they were transferred to be the magistrate of Pizhou, "arresting and beheading hundreds of people." He hired a famous scholar Lu to revise the records of Pizhou together. In 1853, the Taiping army captured Nanjing and Yangzhou, imposed martial law on Huaishang, and then transferred back to Qinghe County. When he took office, he "recruited the courage of the people, declared discipline, set up 72 bureaus in villages and towns, trained tens of thousands of bravery, and made contact from the beginning to the end.". It also called on all the prefectures and counties of Feng, Ying, Lu, Si, Chu, Su, Xu and hai to defend together. It is not difficult to see that Wu Tang was born in a poor family. Because of his diligence and struggle, he has been promoted in the society and become an outstanding figure in that era. "Huaiyin City annals" also wrote: "in the 10th year of Xianfeng, after the Nien army conquered qingjiangpu, an important town in Northern Jiangsu, it ordered Wu Tang to take charge of Huaihai Road. He taught huaixu Taoism and helped Jiangbei Youth League to practice, "build the village to protect the people, and keep the thieves away.". In the 11th year, he served as Jiangning's political envoy and water transport governor, supervising Jiangbei grain production station. In the second year of tongzhi (1863), he was appointed governor of water transport, and the next year he was appointed governor of Jiangsu Province. In the meantime, the stonework to the north of wujiadun was demolished, Qingjiang city was built, and the north and South earthen polders along the qingjiangli canal were built, on which there were many fortresses to prevent the Nien army. In addition, Chongshi academy, Dacheng hall and four Yixue schools were established. In the fourth year, he dispatched the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, but he didn't go to his post. He still remained as the former governor of water transport. He planned to resume the canal water transport and transport more than 40000 stones by small grain ships. After the Yellow River moved to the north, the officers and soldiers of the river channel were cut off, and the defense was changed to operational defense, and the general army of Huaiyang town was changed. The Yellow River, the Grand Canal and the Hongze Lake have dried up, and we have tried to open up land for farming, "and we have assigned them to the military supervisors to cultivate and pay for them, so as to raise useful soldiers for the benefit of nature." Here we see Wu Tang's contribution to water transport and the people of Northern Jiangsu. "In the fifth year of Tongzhi, he was transferred to the governor of Fujian and Zhejiang Province, and in the next year, he was transferred to the governor of Sichuan Province to suppress the uprising of Miao people on the border of Sichuan and Guizhou. ten years general in Chengdu. When he was in office, he donated money to help the victims. However, he ignored the disadvantages of donation and asked the Qing government to "stress the administration of officials, especially the priority of order and compensation.". In 1875, the first year of Guangxu (1875), he begged to return home because of illness. At that time, he had built a house in the South Qiaobei road of Chuzhou City many years ago, called Zhinan mansion. Less than one month after returning, he died in Chuzhou. His posthumous title is Qin Hui. And in the construction of temple worship. He was buried in Longshan, jidongxu village, Shahe, Chuzhou. It can be seen that Wu Tang worked hard for the people all his life. He is honest and upright. Future generations will always miss him.

According to the records in the draft of the history of the Qing Dynasty, volume 425, biography 212:

Relative members

The ancestor of Wu Tang "lived in Shangshan village of Xiuning (Southern Anhui). In the middle of Ming Dynasty, Wu Wan, the fourth ancestor of Wu Tang, moved to Chuzhou from Hui and lived in the three boundaries of Chuzhou, Dingyuan and Xuyi." Wu Tang's father, Wu Huan, was born in Beishan and worked as a librarian. He is easy-going and has a good way to run a family. Poor families can't send their children to study, so they teach in person. The cold and hot days all started with the sound of chickens. Wu Tang was taught to use Zhuzi primary school and sages' books to record the famous sayings of the former sages and stick them on the window wall, so that Wu Tang could learn at any time. His mother, Cheng's family, was the daughter of Cheng KuiGuang, who was born in Wuxiang of Dingyuan county. She was granted the title of Ruren by imperial edict. After her death, she was granted the title of Yipin's wife. There are two sons, Wu Jian and Wu Tang. Wu Tang married Li Shi, the daughter of Li Shikai, the son of Xu Yi Xiang, Tan Guanghu, the daughter of Tan Guanghu, the magistrate of Baoqing Prefecture, and Huang zongshou, the daughter of Huang zongshou, the ambassador of Wuyou Town, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province. (Wu Tang)

Chinese PinYin : Wu Tang