Lelefa

Lelefa

Lelefa (February 11, 1210 - November 16, 1271) was born in Ningyuan, Hunan Province. Statesman, militarist, litterateur and poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. In 1253, Emperor LiZong ordered to call Le Lei to take the imperial examination. He answered the questions like a stream, and gave him the title of special scholar and the position of Imperial Academy. Because he was upright, not afraid of the powerful, and didn't attach a lucky minister when discussing the current politics, he was rejected and could not be reused. He consciously had no way to serve the country, so he resigned and retired to Jiuyi mountain.

The greatest contribution of Le Leifa's life lies in his poetry creation. He was selected into the collection of poems of the hundred schools of Song Dynasty and the collection of the sages of Southern Song Dynasty. There are more than 140 poems in the world, including seven ancient poems, five ancient poems, seven temperament poems, five temperament poems, seven Jue poems and five Jue poems. Many poems show a strong sense of people-oriented, are permeated with deep feelings of family and country, strong style of Qu Yuan's Lisao, and the Neo Confucianism origin of Zhou Dunyi's creation. His people-oriented thought is the continuation and inheritance of Emperor Shun's spirit. His representative works include Xueji Cong manuscript, Zhuangyuan CE, Wuwu song, Zhongwang Jiuyi in Chongling Road, Jiuyi Zixia cave song and Xiangyan Ming.

brief account of the author's life

Young people advocate integrity and encourage their ambition with poetry

On the 16th day of the first month of the third year of Jiading (February 11, 1210), Le Leifa was born in Xiaguan Lejia mountain (today's Mingyue Mountain) in Ningyuan, Hunan Province. At that time, the thunder was loud, the sky was full of rain, the lightning broke the sky, and the thunder was earth shaking. His father and mother, with the meaning of "spring thunder, thunder, rain, moisten Jiahe", named lelefa. His father, Le Gongming, was a Jinshi in the Southern Song Dynasty. He was upright, dedicated to serving the country, and honest. Influenced by Shun culture since childhood, Le Leifa had a simple heroic view of upholding integrity. Under the guidance of his father, he read extensively, was proficient in classics and history, and was good at poetry and prose. As a teenager, he set up the ambition of recovering the land and revitalizing the nation. At the age of 11, his father Le Gongming took him to visit Yang Mengxi, who was an official in Yongzhou. When they met, they recited Yang Wanli's Xiao Chi and talked about poetry vividly. When Yang Mengxi saw that lelefa was young and intelligent, he was very emotional. He improvised paper and ink, and wrote poems to encourage him. Le Leifa also wrote "Xie Yang Mengxi County Cheng Hui with Zhang Mo" to express his gratitude and admiration. He wanted the west window to grind through the iron and inkstone, and the study to explore the Scriptures.

Young people travel all over the world and make friends with poems

Since the age of 20, lelefa has been roaming all over the world. During the tour, we can understand the people's livelihood, understand the current situation of officialdom, cultivate our own sentiment, and make friends from all walks of life. most of Le Leifa's friends are literati and in-service officials, and the main way to make friends is to write poems and give them away. For different people, in his poems, he either reminisces about the past and encourages each other, or praises his achievements in the past to encourage him to be the master of the people and make contributions; or looks forward to the future and exhorts his friends to cherish the opportunity to make contributions; or takes advantage of the topic to lament that he did not have the opportunity to do his best for his country. Such as "Shun temple to send Guilin friends", "to send GUI Shuai Zhong Shangshu to call", "to send Li Huan yunqi Gongcheng master book", "to send Ding Shaoqing from Gui Shuai to move to Xishu" and so on. Le Leifa said to his friends in Guilin that "poetry should be made regardless of poverty and ability", praised GUI Shuai Zhong Shangshu for "relying on the economic presence of his old ministers, calling for the master of Guixi" and sent a message to Li Huanyun, a fellow townsman who is going to be the chief of Gongcheng, that "his career is endless, and he hopes that Li Huanyun will be concerned about the country and the people and make great achievements." when the yuan army invaded Shu, the court planned to transfer his friend Ding Shaoqing to Chengdu as the system envoy, he presented a poem to remind his friends Ding Shaoqing pointed out that "the situation of the three sides depends on Shu" and urged Ding Shaoqing to learn from Jiang Wei's plot to defeat Zhong Hui and his practice of entering Shu from the sword Pavilion.

Middle aged students

At that time, the country was in a corner of the south of the Yangtze River, a large area of territory in the north of the river was occupied, foreign invasion was serious, the economy was poor, and the people were in dire straits. Le Leifa advocated to recover the territory as his own responsibility, and supported the fight against Jin and Yuan Dynasties. His article was directly against the current situation. However, Shi Miyuan, the capitulators, took charge of the court platform, and le Leifa's political proposition of going north to fight against Jin could not be tolerated by the powerful officials. He was very indignant about this, so he gave up his fame and accepted apprentices to teach in Daozhou, Hunan Province, Jizhou, Junzhou, Yuanzhou, Jiangxi Province. He placed his hope of saving the country on the students. In his lectures, he tried his best to publicize the truth of fighting against the Jin Dynasty and saving the country, denounced those corrupt scholars who only studied but did not save the country, and called on the students to go to the front line to resist the invasion of the enemy.

He was awarded the first prize of special science by the imperial court and retired from Jiuyi

In the first year of Li Zong Baoyou (1253), Yao Mian, a disciple of Li Zong Baoyou, ascended the imperial examination, and went to Shangshu to give way to the second. LiZong summoned his relatives for an examination. In the Jinluan hall, LiZong asked "learning and skill; talent and wisdom; selection and promotion; teaching and cultivation." Eight things, Le Leifa "straight to the article", left the famous "court to eight policy". Emperor LiZong Dayue of Song Dynasty, the "emperor of the article", immediately granted the title of "top scholar of special science", granted 800 mu of farmland, built a top scholar building, and granted the post of Imperial Academy. At that time, when the yuan soldiers attacked the northwest on a large scale, lelei broke out wuwuge and chegongfu to express his ambition of fighting against the Yuan Dynasty, and denounced the powerful officials for being fatuous, so he could not be reused. Le Leifa was very desperate for the decadent Southern Song Dynasty regime. In 1256 A.D., he angrily called himself ill and returned to his hometown. He lived in seclusion in Jiuyi. He expressed his patriotism in poems. He is studying in Xiangyan, writing books and lecturing in Xiangyan. The site is still there today.

Main achievements

Characteristics of literature

There are more than 140 poems left in the world by Le Leifa, whose genres include Qigu, Wugu, Qilu, Wulu, Qijue and Wujue. When he was young, he showed amazing talent in poetry creation. Among the poems that directly describe Jiuyi mountain, the ones that most directly express Jiuyi mountain's hometown complex are "nine doubts in Zhongling road", "nine doubts Zixia cave song" and "Xiang Yan Ming". In "looking at the nine doubts in the road of Chongling", Le Leifa wrote: "the nine songs mourn and swallow the nine doubts peak, and the lonely officials of thousands of miles can't follow. Chu rain that return to Fenshui Qu, Ling cloud don't to hole Tianfeng. The old temple mourns the geese in autumn, and the cold spring rings in the bedroom, and the pines in the night. To be cold to carry Jade Guan, Yueming blow Torr a few hibiscus In the song of nine doubts about Zixia cave, Le Leifa eulogized and sighed, "if you ask me where I am, I mean the sky is too empty." "I love Siyan, the beauty of the original image" is expressed in Xiangyan Ming In the poem, lelei oestrus refers to the flowers and plants, Yuguan, Chuyu, Lingyun, CiGong, Huiyan and Yesong of Jiuyi mountain. He also named Xiangyan of Jiuyi mountain for himself. There are many legends in Jiuyi mountain, such as "he Hou Lian Dan", "Ba Zhai Sheng Tian" and "Yu Dai Wei Ling", which come from the Yao and Shun times and have strong feelings of Buddhism and Taoism. These mysterious stories from ancient times add a kind of brilliant feelings to the heart of Le Leifa. The Neo Confucianism in Song Dynasty is a combination of Buddhism, Confucianism and Taoism. In his poems, Le Leifa admires Zhou Dunyi, Shao Yong, Zhang Zai, Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi, who are called the five sons of Neo Confucianism in the Northern Song Dynasty, and Zhu Xi and Zhang Xi, who are the development and promotion of Neo Confucianism in the Southern Song Dynasty. He also has unique views on the inner spirit of Neo Confucianism. For example, the song of Zixia cave in Jiuyi has not only the style of Confucianism, but also the feelings of Buddhism and Taoism, as well as the lingering charm of Chu Sao, Qu Zi! "

literature

Le Leifa belongs to the group of poets in the rivers and lakes, but his style of poetry is strong, which is more prominent among the poets in the rivers and lakes. Seven character songs, such as "wuwuge" and "Huzhong Tiange to Hou Mingfu", are vigorous, vigorous and unrestrained. The former laments the scholar's loss of the country and the calamity of the world, which is of no help to the national crisis, especially incisively and vividly. Most of the modern style poems do not break away from the pattern of the rivers and lakes school, but there are also many excellent works, such as "fleeing households" which reflects the phenomenon of the poor life of the people in the late Song Dynasty; sending Xuepeng to Yao Shijun, sending Xu Jiezhi, sending Ding Shaoqing to move from guishuai to Xishu, and reading the chronicles of Shaoxing eight years later, which express deep feelings for the state affairs. There are also some poems written in a clear and readable way, such as "walking the village road in autumn" and "occasional book in summer". He wrote five volumes of xuejicong manuscript, which was selected into Sikuquanshu in Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty. There is a collection of Southern Song qunxianxiaoji, a review of Xueji poetry and tingduibace.

Ideological theory

Interpretation and Taoism

There are many legends in Jiuyi mountain, such as "he Hou Lian Dan", "Ba Zhai Sheng Tian" and "Yu Dai Wei Ling", which come from the Yao and Shun dynasties and have strong feelings of Buddhism and Taoism. These mysterious stories from ancient times add a kind of romantic feelings to the soul of Le Leifa. All his life, Le Leifa regarded himself as a Taoist. He respected "Tao", explained his theory of orthodoxy from the theory of life, and put forward some political propositions with "Tao" as the core. In "zhuangyuance", it is proposed that "the people in the world should be respected by virtue of Tao". He respected "Tao", explained his orthodoxy from the theory of life, and put forward some political ideas with "Tao" as the core.

Sense of hardship

Le Leifa's political ideal is an important manifestation of the family and country consciousness of the Jianghu poetic school. In the third year of Jiaxi (1239), the Mongolian army invaded Sichuan and occupied Chongqing. In the first year of Chunyou, they again attacked Chengdu and then went south to attack many prefectures and counties in Song Dynasty. Li Zong of Song Dynasty had no idea what to do with the Mongols' coercion. The ministers of the central government only knew how to deal with affairs in vain, which made the country difficult. Le Leifa despises those high-ranking officials with high hats, long swords, benevolence, righteousness and morality. In his poem, he laments that at a time of national crisis, scholars are useless. He reminded the readers not to forget the tragic situation of Sichuan people's massacre, and called on them not to hold books to pick up chapters and sentences, to dig out principles and to talk about Taoism in the turbulent times of the country. He called on the readers to wake up, burn poems and articles, get together to drink, and to discuss how to serve the motherland. He expected the Taoists to be as wise and brave as Confucius, and the writers to be like Zhuge Liang

Chinese PinYin : Le Lei Fa