Lu simian

Lu simian

Lu simian (February 27, 1884 to October 9, 1957), with the name of Chengzhi and pen names of Nu Niu, Cheng Yun, Yun, etc. Han nationality, from Changzhou, Jiangsu Province. Modern Chinese historian and master of Sinology. Together with Qian Mu, Chen Yuan and Chen Yinke, they are called "four great historians of modern China" (Yan gengwang's words). He devoted his whole life to history research and history education. He has successively taught in Changzhou Fu middle school, Nantong Chinese major, Shanghai private a business school, Shenyang Normal University, Suzhou provincial first normal school, Hujiang University and Guanghua University. He once served as the director and acting president of the History Department of Guanghua University. In his early years, he worked in Shanghai Zhonghua Book Company and Shanghai Commercial Press. In 1951, he joined the Department of history of East China Normal University and was awarded the first grade professor of history.

Lu simian's representative works include the history of vernacular Chinese, the general history of China written by Lu, the history of Qin and Han Dynasties, the history of pre Qin Dynasty, the history of Jin Dynasty, southern and Northern Dynasties, the history of Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties, Lu simian's notes on reading history, literature of Song Dynasty, an introduction to pre Qin academy, the history of Chinese nation, the history of Chinese system, four kinds of philology, etc.

Life of the characters

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On February 27th, 1884, Lu Simian was born in Dongzhai, Lu's former residence, 6-8-10 Shizi street, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province.

In the 15th year of Guangxu (1889, Jichou), he was accompanied by Xue Nianxin, who read "Tongjian collection", "outline of waterways" and "summary of reading history".

In the 17th year of Guangxu (1891, Xinmao), Lu simian studied early and said that he had something to do with historiography. In the same year, his mother and sister explained to Lu simian the compendium of the official history of Gangjian, and his father ordered him to read rizhilu, notes of the twenty-two histories, jingshiwenbian, etc.

In the 18th year of Guangxu (Renchen, 1892), LV simian chose to teach Jiangpu County and went with his family. He returned in 1897 and lived in Jiangpu for 4 years. In his later years, he wrote "memories of youth" to record the life of Jiangpu in his early years.

In the 19th year of Guangxu (1893, Guisi), Lu simian's family began to get worse. He no longer extended to teach and read. Instead, his father taught himself. When his father had no time, his mother and sister helped him explain. Mother began to teach Shuowen Jiezi.

In the 20th year of Guangxu (1894, Jiawu), LV simian began to read new books and newspapers. His books include Xu Jiyu's Yinghuan Zhilue, Wei Yuan's Haiguo Tuzhi, Zou yuanfan's Wuzhou lieguo Tuzhi, Japan's Okamoto Jianfu's Wanguo Shiji, Cai Erkang's translation of Taixi new history Lanyao, Wang Tao's PUFA Zhanji, Huang Gongdu's Japan Guozhi, etc., from which he can get a glimpse of world history.

In the 22nd year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu (1896, bingshen), under the guidance of his parents, teachers and friends, he read the history of classics and learned about Chinese history. Lu simian began to read Liang Qichao's Shi Wu Bao, which is a must for all Liang Qichao's works. At that time, he believed in Kang Liang theory and was deeply influenced.

In the 23rd year of Guangxu (1897, Ding you), LV Simian was able to write a composition. From his father's order to write, it was written by Mr. Shi Xiaoquan and Mr. Xue Yizhuang, and from his family brother's point of view, it was about half a year later.

In the 25th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu (1899, the reign of Jihai), Lu simian went to Jiangyin for a small test and was admitted to Yanghu county school. Lu simian's father told him to read more books, not at the end of the text. He began to read official history, Zizhi Tongjian, Siku Quanshu Zongmu abstract, Tongdian, Tongzhi and Zhaoming Wenxuan, and wrote historical notes and several books of historical theory;

In the 26th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu (1900, gengzi), Lu simian began to keep a diary, which was named "the record of measuring sundial". Every year, he changed his name, with a small order on the top, and along it was an example. However, most of the diaries were destroyed during the Anti Japanese war. In the same year, Lu simian began to learn to write poems and poems, and taught himself ancient history books.

In the 27th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu (1901, xinchou), LV simian said to himself that "what we yearn for at this time is actually the so-called economics of the old days.". In every branch of government affairs, we all know the general situation, but none of them is deep and detailed. ". He wrote notes · LV Fu ting (published in the chronicles of Lv Si Mian).

In the 28th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu (1902, renyin), Lu simian attached great importance to the national economy and people's livelihood in his early years, ranging from water conservancy, taxation, official administration, to people's clothing, food, housing and transportation, and price changes.

In the 29th year of Guangxu (1903, guimao), Lu simian went to Jinling for the local examination, where he wrote many essays. Since I was a child, I like playing chess. I will not return to my apartment immediately after I come out, but go to the tea house of Confucius Temple to watch people play chess. I will return home at night. Lu simian not only had excellent chess skills, but also had a deep study of chess game, chess score and even chess history. He collected chess score all his life and said that "there are only three kinds of chess score missing", but then all of them were lost.

In the thirtieth year of Guangxu (1904, Jiachen), he listened to Tu Ji, an expert in Yuan history, in Changzhou "reading newspaper agency". Influenced by Tu Ji, he was concerned about ethnic issues and married Ms. Yu Ling (also known as Cailan). Yu's family lived in Changzhou. His grandfather, Yu Yingxi, was a magistrate of Quzhou in Zhejiang Province. His father, Yu shusun, was a tribute student in the late Qing Dynasty. Yu is alert and observant. He is cautious in handling affairs. He is very hardworking in housework.

Teaching career

In the 31st year of Guangxu (1905, Yisi), from January to December of the next year, LV simian taught Chinese and history in private Xishan primary schools in Changzhou.

In the 32nd year of Guangxu (1906, Bingwu), on November 5, LV simian's father died. Read the official history.

In the 33rd year of Guangxu (1907, Dingwei), from January to June, he taught at Soochow University;

From October 1909 to December 1909, Tu Xiaokuan, the son of Tu Ji, was employed as a teacher of Changzhou middle school, teaching history and geography.

In the 34th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu (1908, Wushen), Lu simian's mother died on August 11, 1908, and had contacts with Korean scholar Qiu Jingqiu.

The first year of Xuantong (1909, Jiyou) was the first time that Lu simian and Chen Yunong, Wang Guanshi, Liu Jisheng, Qian Shuling formed a poetry club, wrote poems and commented on each other. At that time, he was very interested in writing poems and lyrics, and often had excellent works. In his later years, Lu simian selected his own poems, which were compiled by his family and printed into a volume, and distributed to libraries, relatives and friends.

In the second year of Xuantong (1910, gengwe), at the appointment of curator Tu Ji, he taught official document writing in Nantong Chinese Language Institute.

In the third year of Xuantong (1911, 1911), he had contacts with Korean scholar Jin Yulin. At that time, he paid much attention to the collection and research of folk songs. He compiled many folk songs and proverbs from Changzhou, Nantong and other places, circled and analyzed them one by one, and wrote short articles, which were published in newspapers for appreciation by his peers.

In the first year of the Republic of China (1912, Renzi), from January to June 1914, he taught applied writing, business geography, business economics, etc. at that time, there were few people who could teach such courses. Lu simian referred to Japanese textbooks.

In the third year of the Republic of China (1914, Jiayin), Lu Yiren was born on the first day of the third month of the old calendar (March 27). In the spring and summer of this year, he and his friends Guan Daru, Wang Qianqing, Zhao jingmou, Ding Jiechen established a poetry club in Shanghai, called "Xinshe", which has an episode every half a month. Later, Zhuang Tongbai, Chen Yunong, Li diyun, Zhou Qixian, Zhang zhiting and so on joined the club, and "stopped for 27 episodes". He worked in Shanghai Zhonghua Book Company from July to the seventh year of the Republic of China.

In the fourth year of the Republic of China (1915, Yimao), on September 27 of the old calendar (October 31), his son Lu Zhengmin was born, and his breast name was Xingbao.

In the eighth year of the Republic of China (1919), from August to December, Wu Yanyin introduced him to teach in Suzhou provincial first normal school. Lu Simian was introduced by Xie Guan (Li Heng) to Shanghai Commercial Press in 1956. Xie was a famous doctor in Wujin. He invited Lu simian to the library to assist in the compilation of Chinese medical dictionary. Lu simian's family was a Confucian doctor. He was familiar with traditional medical books and classics. He wrote a textual research on the origin of Chinese medical books in summer this year. It is actually a history of Chinese medicine based on the history of medical books.

In the ninth year of the Republic of China (1920, Gengshen), he taught in national Shenyang Normal University from January to December 1922. Lu simian published his first academic paper "open letter to Liao Zhongkai and Zhu Zhixin on learning" to participate in academic discussion.

The tenth year of the Republic of China (1921, Xinyou) was the year when he wrote: "the method of sorting out old books" (the original issue of Shenyang Normal University weekly 4041, also published in the collection of Lu simian's remains); "the relationship between ancient Chinese philosophy and morality" (the original issue of Shenyang Normal University weekly 31, 32, also published in the collection of Lu simian's remains); "answering Cheng Luyu's book" (the original issue of Shenyang Normal University weekly 31, 32, also published in the collection of Lu simian's remains) They are also published in the collection of Lu simian's posthumous works, Wuji Kao (Japanese Chinese translation), nuniu Zatan: (1) personality, (2) capital system, and the changes of Chinese medicine (all of the above are published in Shenyang Normal University weekly).

From February 1923 to July 1925, Wang yingyue (Yin he), President of Jiangsu provincial first normal school, was engaged to teach Chinese and history. This is the year when LV simian's first general history book, vernacular history of China, was published. The book has made innovations in content, style, method and writing method, becoming the largest circulation of general history of China in the 1920s and 1930s. Gu Jiegang called the book "a new era for general history writing".

The 13th year of the Republic of China (1)

Chinese PinYin : Lv Si Mian