Lu Kun
Lu Kun
Lu Kun (October 24, 1536 to July 24, 1618) was born in lvdazhuang, Ningling County, Shangqiu County, Henan Province in the Ming Dynasty. He was named Baodu Jushi, and his name was Shujian. Lu Kun, a writer and thinker of the Ming Dynasty, was upright and incorruptible. Together with Shen Li and Guo Zhengyu, he was known as the "three sages" in the world during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty. His main works include shizhenglu, yeqiming, zhaozhenshi, etc. in addition to moaning and shizhenglu, there are more than ten kinds of works, including quxuzhaiji, which involve politics, economy, criminal law, military, water conservancy, education, phonology, medicine, etc.
Lu Kun's thought has a great influence on later generations, and his masterpiece the complete works of Lu Kun is an original work in the collation of cultural classics. Ningling tomb has an epitaph of Lu Kun seal on Shenxing.
Life of the characters
Lu Kun's ancestor was a vegetable farmer at the end of the Yuan Dynasty. He was rewarded by Zhu Yuanzhang for his meritorious service in reporting a letter to the Ming army and ordered him to return to his hometown and live in peace. However, Zhu Yuanzhang mistakenly wrote the surname "Lu" as "Li" in his hand edict. When it came to Lu Kun, Fang Shangzuo changed the surname of Li back to that of Lu.
In 1561, Lu Kunzhong was the third in Henan provincial examination;
In the second year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1574), he ranked the 50th among the top three in the palace examination;
From the fourth year of Wanli to the fifth year of Wanli (1576-1577), Lu Kun was appointed as magistrate of Datong;
From the sixth year of Wanli to the sixteenth year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1578-1588), he served as the right counsellor of Shandong Province. Later, he was promoted to the head of the Department of literature and selection of the Ministry of officials. He bought 500 mu of Changren farmland as Xiaomu farmland with 200 Liang of salary and Jianfang gold;
From the 17th year of Wanli to the 20th year of Wanli (1589-1592), Lu Kun successively served as Shanxi's envoy, governor, right governor of Shaanxi Province, and Shanxi's governor. During his tenure as Shanxi's envoy, he United several local gentry in his hometown Ningling county to create "tongshancang". Tongshancang was a warehouse set up for the purpose of giving rice to the poor. Lu Kun and several other people donated their surplus rice grains to the poor. The food that Lu Kun needed to set up tongshancang was produced by Lu Kun manor;
From the 21st year of Wanli to the 22nd year of Wanli (1593-1594), LV Kun served as the censor of the left and right capital of duchayuan;
From the 23rd year of Wanli to the 25th year of Wanli (1595-1597), he served as the left and right servant of the Ministry of punishment;
In the 25th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1597), Lu Kun advised the emperor of the Ming Dynasty to encourage him to cure the disease by writing a book about the danger, and then retired;
In 1618, he died at home and burned his unpublished manuscript. Funningling County;
In 1621, Lu Kun was granted the title of minister of punishment.
Historical records
Dealing with official affairs
Lu Kun is upright and incorruptible. In May of the 25th year of Wanli (1597), he wrote a letter to Chen Tianxia, urging Shenzong to encourage the spirit of governance. His words were impassioned, and his concern for the country and the people was expressed. Shu zhongyun said: "today's poor people know it. Since the 10th year of Wanli (1582), there has been no year without disaster. For a long time, I was a foreign official. Seeing that his Majesty's son had no clothes and no food, he left his walls to be covered with fury and took up the gaol. He moved to the public and abandoned the land. He left the food for the loser and the living for the dead. Who can appeal to the emperor for thousands of miles? We can see that the country is running out of money. Over the past few years, the cost of Shougong, weaving, Ningxia, the collapse of the Yellow River, and today's large-scale engineering and wood mining have been several million each. " Lu Kun said in his book that "picking wood" means "picking wood". Zhangba is not a hundred year old thing. If there is any danger in the poor mountains, they will die. The people of Shu said, "if you enter the mountain for 1000, if you leave the mountain for 500, you can tell from your sorrow." Lu Kun said about mining in Shuzhong: "the imperial court gets a gold medal, and the county costs a thousand times." Shuzhong also issued a warning to the imperial court that "treacherous officials are in charge of the way, and those who do not offend the court will soon worry about the future.". On the border defense, Lu Kun also had a long-term vision and put forward: "if the Japanese and the barbarians take it, they will serve as soldiers and feed on the spot. If they enter, they will cut off our water transportation, and if they retreat, they will see Liaodong.". Less than a year later, the capital is in trouble, and the country is worried. " In the book, he also mentioned the problem of "copying can't be heavy, and many people are involved in it". The house is sealed, and most of the chickens and porpoises starve to death. Once people go out, they dare not hide. In addition, the law of officials was strict, the soldiers searched hard, and young women were asked to undress. I've seen it before, covering my eyes and sour nose. " Lu Kun severely criticized Emperor Wanli in his book: "Your Majesty does not look at the court for a long time, his heart is lax and his evil spirit has been watching deeply. The guard should not tell the story." If you don't answer the Zhangzuo, you won't have it first. " "Your Majesty I don't know that there is only such a number of wealth in the world. If you want to be rich, you will be poor. If you are poor, you will be rich? Today's people's livelihood is extremely haggard, but the purchase is increasing day by day, the demand for benefits is wide, the resentment of all surnames is gathered in one word, the nine fold hatred is formed in all over the world, and the officials are in pain of stealing I'm afraid I will never see peace again.
Lu Kun angrily called himself ill and begged for leave, ending his 26 year official career. After Lu Kun retired, he was called "master shasui" by scholars. "The works are full of new ideas." Groans, written in 1593, is a Book of quotations written by Lu Kun in 30 years. This book talks about philosophy, criticizes the shortcomings of the times, explores life, thinks about the universe, cites the cultivation of ordinary people, the principles of dealing with the world, interpersonal communication, talking at home and so on. This work is a wonderful work in the treasure house of Chinese traditional ideology and culture. It contains Lu Kun's rich life experience and philosophical thoughts. Such as "no house, no time, no space career." "Those who are well-known will be false." It is still of practical significance today that "we are always too thick and harmless in our life, but we should not hold the law for the public".
After death
Lu Kun is a founder, simple and knowledgeable philosopher. The language of his poems is popular and ingenious, and his style is precipitous and profound. He once devoted himself to the study of phonology, and his book Jiao Tai Yun is an original monograph on phonology. Lu Kun wrote a lot of works in his life, including "groans" and "quxuzhai anthology". On June 8 (July 28), the 46th year of Wanli (1618), LV Kun died of illness at the age of Tian. He was buried in lvfen village, northwest of Ningling. His tomb is called LV Kun's tomb, which is still well preserved.
Character relationship
LV Desheng, the word Shouguan, near the river, also known as fishing idle Weng. Lu Kun's father wrote children's language and women's children's language.
LV zhisi, a doctor in the Ministry of household affairs, is the second son of LV Kun.
Lu Shenduo (1599-1679) is the grandson of Lu Kun and the son of Lu zhisi.
philosophical viewpoint
He insisted on the monism of Qi in philosophy, saying: "all things in heaven and earth are just one Qi gathering and dispersing, and there is no other." "Tao and Qi are not two things in the world of groaning. The former is the instrument of image formation, so it is Tao; the latter is Qi, so it is Li." "Groans · talks about Tao" criticizes the Neo Confucianists' view that Tao and Qi are separated and that "reason comes first in Qi".
Character works
Groans, written in 1593, is a philosophical work of note style
Quxuzhai Anthology
Shi Zheng Lu
The phonological works of Jiao Tai Yun
Yin Fu Jing Zhu
Children's language
Character story
Ancestors save Zhu Yuanzhang
Many people know that LV Kun, a native of Ningling in the Ming Dynasty, was a thinker, educator and writer. Many people also know that his book "groans" has been translated and published in more than 20 countries. Many people also know that LV Kun's tomb has become an important part of Shangqiu's cultural relics and tourism.
However, many people may not know that Lu Kun's ancestors saved Zhu Yuanzhang from danger and fought with him; many people may not know that Lu Kun's name was "Li Kun" in those days, and this surname was due to Zhu Yuanzhang, the emperor of Ming Dynasty; many people may not know that Lu Kun's Shi Zheng Lu was valued by the emperor of Tongzhi and became a necessary book for cabinet ministers.
There are many articles on Lu Kun's thoughts and academic works at home and abroad. However, there are few regional history articles about Lu Kun's family background, life and the close relationship between Lu Kun and his hometown of Shangqiu.
Therefore, after more than a month of investigation and interview, consulting ancient books, local chronicles and genealogy, the author sorted out a lot of valuable clues, information and historical materials. After sorting out, the author wrote several articles, such as the world situation between Ming Taizu and LV Kun ' More three-dimensional, fuller, more cordial and more simple "famous Confucianists in the Central Plains", "a generation of incorruptible officials" and "great thinkers".
Giving the surname of Li by mistake
HEIs, the sixth ancestor of Lu Kun, helped Zhu Yuanzhang and was mistakenly given the surname of Li.
Lu Kun entered the palace examination in the second year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1574) after he was elected to the imperial examination. He was given the title of Jinshi in the 50th place of the top three. He was 39 years old at that time. However, his name recorded on the inscriptions of Jinshi is "Li Kun" (index of inscriptions of Jinshi in Ming and Qing Dynasties), not "Lu Kun". Why? It starts from the relationship between Lu HEIs, the sixth ancestor of Lu Kun, and Zhu Yuanzhang, the emperor of Ming Dynasty.
Lu Kun's ancestor was the principal household in Xin'an County, Luoyang, Henan Province before the Yuan Dynasty. "The old surname of the Yu family was Lu, and the principal household in Luoyang before the Yuan Dynasty was also Lu Kun's stele of the surname Lu Li.". According to Lu Mingyue's "Lu Shi"
Chinese PinYin : Lv Kun
Lu Kun
