Shi Zhengzhi

Shi Zhengzhi

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Shi Zhengzhi, a native of Danyang, was a minister of the Southern Song Dynasty. "Jiading Zhenjiang Zhi" contains: "Shi Zhengzhi, word Zhi Dao, Danyang people, Fu Ji Yang Jiangdu."

introduction

Nanjing is one of the seven ancient capitals in China. The situation of mountains and rivers is very dangerous. It is known as "the house of the emperor" and has always been an important military town for military strategists. There are many local chronicles of Nanjing in history. The earliest one is Qiandao Jiankang chronicle, which was compiled by Danyang people. This person is Shi Zhengzhi (1119-1179).

New to officialdom

"Jiading Zhenjiang Zhi" contains: "Shi Zhengzhi, word Zhi Dao, Danyang people, Fu Ji Yang Jiangdu." It can be seen that he moved to Danyang from Jiangdu. In the 21th year of Shaoxing (1151), Shi Zhengzhi and Zhao Kui, the number one scholar, joined the ranks of Jinshi and was granted the official title of Dongwei in Shexian County of Huizhou. From then on, Shi Zhengzhi entered the officialdom. At that time, there was a confrontation between the Song Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty, and Yue Fei, Han Shizhong and other famous anti Jin generals were no longer there. For this reason, he read military books, quoted historical classics, and wrote eight chapters of Baozhi yaolue to the imperial court. He put forward the strategic view that "the country is fundamentally in Jingxiang, Bashu, and the defense interests are in Lianghuai". The most urgent and appropriate eight things are "imperial generals, suppressing traitors, saving money, respecting law, scholar's style, military and political affairs, and fearing heaven." What we have discussed is to the point of the time and the truth is accurate. He wrote ten chapters of "military warning" and expounded the way of using military from ten aspects. He also wrote an article "Bian Wen" on the defense of the Yangtze River and the Huaihe River, in which he put forward a very important military thought, that is, "the defense interests of the Yangtze River and the Huaihe River should be based on the defense of the Huaihe River at the beginning of Shaoxing and the defense of the Yangtze River at the end of Jianyan." After reading it, Prime Minister Chen KangBo was very surprised. He recommended to join the court and serve as the editor of the Privy Council. When Jin people coveted Huaixi, he boldly suggested that the imperial court build Hezhou City base, strengthen the defense of Shu, Yang, Jing, Xiang and other places, which was valued and adopted by the imperial court.

In December 1161, Gaozong set out from Lin'an to inspect Jiankang, and ordered Shi Zhengzhi's retinue to accompany him. Gao Zong led a group of ministers to go north along the canal, passing Suzhou, then Lvcheng, staying in Danyang, and arriving at Zhenjiang at the end of the year. After getting off the boat, instead of going to the palace immediately, he went to the riverside by horse to watch the boat and inspect the water army. I stayed in Zhenjiang palace for a few days and spent a few years. During this period, Shi Zhengzhi wrote five chapters of "restoration essentials" into Gaozong, expounding his views on the restoration of the Central Plains, which was appreciated by Gaozong. On the afternoon of the first month of Geng, Gao Zong and his party set out from Zhenjiang by horse. Renshen arrived at Jiankang house and stayed in Jinling. Shi Zhengzhi, who accompanied the tour and carefully observed the situation of Jinling mountains and rivers, deeply felt the importance of Jinling's strategic position and said to Gaozong, "the situation of the Three Kingdoms and Six Dynasties is different from that of today. If you want to be a capital of Qiantang, if you have nothing to do, you need to be lucky to build a healthy city for the East and the West." After reading, Gao Zong was deeply moved. He criticized: "Shi Zhengzhi's comments are indeed true. It's true that it's true in ancient and modern times. I'll go to the courtiers to admonish and discuss." When the ministers discussed the proposal, they all believed that Shi Zhengzhi's view was correct. Gaozong returned to Lin'an after more than a month's inspection in Jiankang. Due to Shi Zhengzhi's remarkable achievements, he moved to Yilang.

Emperor Xiaozong's appreciation and promotion

In June of the 32nd year of Shaoxing, Gaozong took the throne and Xiaozong took over the throne. Xiaozong heard the name of Shi Zhengzhi for a long time, and called the inner hall to listen correctly. Shi Zhengzhi stated his views on the current situation, and put forward a set of defensive strategies for the Yangtze and Huaihe rivers. He put forward the view that "to keep success, we should be courteous and thrifty first, and to put an end to chaos, we should be wise and brave.". Xiaozong called it. According to Shi Zhengzhi's defense strategy, Prime Minister Chen KangBo corrected his interests and formulated a new defense strategy, which was recommended to Xiaozong. Xiaozong read after the imperial approval, sent a secret order Xuanfu department to Lianghuai Shuai Shou to execute. He also ordered Shi Zhengzhi to go to the front line of the Yangtze River defense to urge the construction of docks and other facilities, such as general warehouses, to consolidate the defense line of the Yangtze River. Shi Zhengzhi accomplished the task excellently, returned to the DPRK and promoted the Zhiyuan wailang.

Emperor Xiaozong issued an edict to be frank, and Shi Zhengzhi wrote in response to the edict: "be realistic and talented, save money and use, improve military and political affairs, clearly reward and punish, and be on guard. And the governor's office will be defeated in the use of troops. " After reading the book, Xiaozong attached great importance to it, publicized it to the three provinces, and approved it: "Shi Zhengzhi's comments are particularly appropriate." In the first year of Longxing (1164), he moved to wailang. At the beginning of the Song Dynasty, Emperor Xiaozong ascended the throne, ambitious to recover the Central Plains, and appointed Zhang Jun, the commander of the main battle group, to conduct the northern expedition. In May, Li Xianzhong and Shao Hongyuan were sent to fight across Huaihe. At first, the song army won the victory, Ke Lingbi, xiahong county (now Sixian County in Anhui Province), pingsuzhou, and the military power was greatly boosted. Shi Zhengzhi paid close attention to the battle. After the song army conquered Lingbi and Hongxian, he judged the situation with a strategic perspective, comprehensively weighed the strength of the two armies and the main force deployment of the whole army, and wrote to Xiaozong: "when the two cities are down and the recovery is difficult, the small profit is not enough to win. When the two cities are down and the situation is difficult to defend far away, the division will be adequate, and the Huaiyang will be happy." Xiaozong first tasted the sweetness of victory, how to listen to this, put it aside. Sure enough, the song army was soon defeated in the battle of Fuli, with heavy casualties. Zhang Jun had to retreat to Yangzhou, and the Northern Expedition recovery plan was in vain.

The defeat of the song army was a great blow to Shi Zhengzhi. He thought that it was better to be a local official in the capital than a local official who went out to do practical work. So he asked for compensation for the Jiangxi transportation contract, which was approved by the imperial court. But soon after he took office, he recalled wailang, a member of the Ministry of household affairs, changed the Fujian transportation contract, and soon recalled the Ministry of household affairs. This time, Xiaozong summoned him to discuss state affairs. Shi Zhengzhi calmly put forward seven urgent policies, and repeatedly stressed the repair of river defense facilities and building more docks. When it comes to the Jin people's desire to cut Tang, Deng, Hai, Si and other places, he puts forward a very practical strategy, which not only does not lose the land, but also makes the Jin people suffer from enemies and have no time to go south, while the state of song can conserve its energy in order to recover. However, although Xiaozong knew it was a good policy, it could not be adopted because of many factors. Shi Zhengzhi has no choice but to go out. Ren Jiangdong was sentenced, but he did not go to the post, so he changed to Jiangxi. During his term of office, he increased revenue and reduced expenditure, reduced redundant expenses, and made "the Treasury full, leaving 40 million yuan of money and 50 thousand meters of stone for the use of the state." Chi man recalled the imperial court, granted Zuoshi the right to check and rectify, transferred to fenglang, and soon moved to Shilang of Li Department.

Next year, he will also serve as Minister of the Ministry of punishment. When he was a local official, he witnessed with his own eyes the fact that the country was poor and the people were in dire straits. He felt that it was imperative to adjust economic policies. He wrote again to reflect the actual situation of the country, saying: "Taicang has no one year reserve, left coin has no three month accumulation, nine grains are scattered in hungry years, and the common people are fierce in good years. I hope I can get familiar with the minister about the grand plan." Xiaozong was moved and accepted after reading it. He called Shi Zhengzhi into the inner hall, ordered him to sit down and give him tea. When Shi Zhengzhi returned, he sorted out all the financial matters, including the amount of money that the state usually saved, and the techniques of financial management in the past three generations. After careful reading, Xiaozong was very satisfied, and gave him the Minister of the Ministry of war.

Once Xiaozong summoned the minister to listen to the state affairs, Li Zhengzhi, as the Minister of the Ministry of war, spoke frankly. He bluntly pointed out that eight state-owned issues were worth worrying about, and put forward some strategies and tactics, such as protecting the Yangtze River and Huaihe River, selecting generals, leaving spies, selecting elite and so on. On the interests of the water army and the measures taken by the water army. In addition, he tried his best to compile the classic examples of the attack and defense of the southeast water army in the Three Kingdoms and Six Dynasties, and wrote a letter to Xiaozong, explaining the importance of the Meiji water army and its general strategy.

At that time, the court proposed to amend the criminal law and increase the criminal law, in which the penalty of "death penalty for robbers and adulterers" was added. Shi Zhengzhi thinks that it's not right, and suggests that "to avoid death, and to match the place, to receive the staff again.". After discussion, the officials thought it was reasonable and adopted it. Soon, Shi Zhengzhi returned to the Ministry of officials. In the third year of Qiandao (1167), the imperial court approved Shi Zhengzhi's request to go out and wrote about Jiankang mansion in Jiying hall. Before leaving, he told Xiaozong three things: first, the walls of Huaibei and Huaibei were poor, and the army was poor. He begged Huaibei to return to the army. The leader of Zhongyi army led his troops to the border, and then returned to the army. Second, he appointed competent generals to check the state passes. Third, he urgently strengthened the border walls to guard against Jin army's sneak attack. Xiaozong thought it was so, that he ordered Bian General Guo Zhen to follow his words. Shi Zhengzhi then left Beijing for Jiankang.

Guarding Jiankang and making achievements

Jiankang is now Nanjing, also known as Jinling. It is located on the edge of the Yangtze River. The situation of mountains and rivers is dangerous. It is easy to defend but difficult to attack. It can advance to the Central Plains and retreat to protect Jiangsu and Zhejiang. It has a prominent military position. Historically, it was the capital of the Six Dynasties, and even the fortress of Jiangfang in the Southern Song Dynasty. The imperial court built a palace here, which is called Liudu. Therefore, the garrison of Jiankang was generally held by the important officials of the imperial court. Because Shi Zhengzhi was well versed in military affairs, military strategy and wisdom, the imperial court sent him to guard this important place. In July, he also served as the commander in charge of the coastal water army of the Southern Song Dynasty. In November, Shi Zhengzhi recruited 500 sailors to enhance the strength of the navy in Jiankang Prefecture.

Shi Zhengzhi held an important military and political post in Jiankang for three years and did several praiseworthy things

First, in the spring of 1168, a shipyard was set up in Jiankang prefecture to build more warships. According to Song Ling Yao draft, Shi Zhengzhi once built a 100 ton warship driven by 12 blades. This was a very advanced paddle ship at that time, which greatly improved the combat effectiveness of the Navy.

Second, in the fourth year of Qiandao reign, Jiankang Gongyuan was founded with CAI kuanfu's residence. It was a place for imperial examination, and later developed into a famous Jiangnan Imperial Academy. The site is near the Confucius Temple on the Bank of the Qinhuai River.

Thirdly, in the fifth year of Qiandao reign, the walls of Jiankang mansion were rebuilt to enhance the defensive ability. Zhenhuai bridge and Yinhong bridge were built to facilitate the traffic in the city.

Fourthly, the Qiandao Jiankang chronicle was created in the fifth year of Qiandao, which was the first local chronicle in Nanjing history. The book consists of ten volumes. Although the original book has been lost, a large number of lost articles are recorded in JINGDING Jiankang annals, Yudi Jisheng, Zhizheng Jinling new Annals and other books, which are of great historical value.

Shi Zhengzhi in Qian

Chinese PinYin : Shi Zheng Zhi