Shi Songzhi

Shi Songzhi

Shi Songzhi (1189-1257, October 6) was born in Yinxian County of Qingyuan prefecture (now Ningbo, Zhejiang). A famous official of the Southern Song Dynasty, the son of Shi Haozhi, the right Minister of the Shang Dynasty, the son of Shi Miyuan, the right prime minister, and the son of Shi mizhong, who promoted Fujian salt and tea.

In 1220, Shi Songzhi became a Jinshi in the 13th year of Jiading of ningzong of Song Dynasty. He transferred Guanghua army Si Hu to join the army, and later became Xiangyang Hu Cao. He has successively held such important posts as Xiangyang general judge, Jinghu institutionalist, counselor and so on, managing Xiangyang and resisting the invasion of Mongolia. In the fourth year of Jiaxi's reign (1240), he went to pay homage to the right prime minister as well as to the secret envoy. He was also the governor of Lianghuai and the army and horse of Jinghu in Sichuan Province. During his reign, he was criticized for his arbitrariness. In the fourth year of Chunyou (1244), Shi Songzhi suffered from his father's death. He hoped to recover his feelings. Because he advocated peace, he was opposed by public opinion. He has lived idle for 13 years and will no longer be an official. In the fifth year of Baoyou (1257), Shi Songzhi died in 1969. He was awarded Shaoshi and ande Jiedushi, and was granted the title of Duke of Lu with posthumous title of "Zhuang Su". Deyou won his posthumous title in his early years. He is the author of Yeyue Bian, which has been lost. His poems are recorded in Quan Song Shi.

Later generations have different opinions on Shi Song. They think that he is quite talented and outstanding, but at the same time he pursues power and arbitrariness.

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Life of the characters

Early experience

Shi Songzhi was born in a distinguished family. His grandfather Shi Hao was the teacher of song Xiaozong. When Xiaozong was in power, he once paid homage to the right prime minister. His uncle Shi Miyuan became a powerful official of song ningzong and LiZong by killing his cousin Han Yuzhou during the northern expedition of Kaixi. His father Shi mizhong, who promoted Fujian salt and tea, was able to serve the government and did not follow Shi Miyuan. He was still as simple as ever after the distinguished scholars.

When he was young, Shi song was romantic and had studied in Lihua mountain of Dongqian Lake. What he accepted was the Shigong theory of Lu Xue and LV Xuezhong. Shi Songzhi acted decisively, and seemed to prefer the study of meritorious service to the pedantry of Zhu scholars. Once he was lecturing with his brother-in-law Chen Xun in the mountain temple. The monks in the mountain temple hated him. Shi Songzhi was very angry and burned his house that night.

In the 13th year of Jiading (1220), Shi Songzhong became a Jinshi and was transferred to Guanghua army. Before long, Shi Miyuan asked Shi Songzhi, "I'll give you a new position. Where do you want to go?" Almost without thinking, Shi Songzhi replied, "I hope to be an official in Xiangyang and Hanshui." Shi Miyuan listened and agreed happily. That is to say, Shi Songzhi was called Xiangyang Hucao.

Xiangyang is located in the South Bank of the middle reaches of the Han River, which echoes with Fancheng on the north bank. It is the barrier to guard the Yangtze River. Its position in the Southern Song Dynasty is very important, which can be compared with the throat. However, although Shi Miyuan had been in Xianghan for a long time, he did not know the exterior and interior of Xianghan. Shi Songzhi seems to have made a more in-depth study of Jingxiang area, knowing the importance of this area to the Southern Song Dynasty. So when Shi Miyuan asked him, he could immediately give a positive answer to Xianghan.

During the confrontation between the Southern Song Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty, standing in the Southern Song Dynasty, from the perspective of military angle, the significance of the upper reaches of Jingxiang even exceeded that of the two Huaihe rivers. The so-called "with Jianghan but without huaisi, the country will be weak; with huaisi but without the upper reaches of Jianghan, the country will be in danger." Jingxiang can not only be used as a barrier against the Jin people, but also as far as the interior of the Southern Song Dynasty is concerned, the Jingxiang area "according to the situation of the upper reaches" can put great pressure on the downstream Jiankang and Lin'an. It can be seen that Jingxiang not only has a barrier effect on the upstream, but also has a negative significance on the downstream.

Management of Xiangyang

If the Southern Song Dynasty wanted to advance to the north or resist the advance of the north, it was bound to pay attention to the management of Xiangyang. Shi Songzhi is astute to realize the status of Jing Xiang. He hopes to start from the grass-roots level and start from this important place, which is enough to prove his strategy and ambition.

Nanyang Basin in Xiangyang is characterized by east-west extension and North-South intersection. The Nanyang basin is a must for military strategists, whether it is a dispute between the East and the West or between the north and the south. Xiangyang is located in the south of Nanyang Basin, relying on Hubei, through the Han River and the Yangtze River, connecting wuhui in the East and Bashu in the West; from Nanyang Basin, you can go out of the Central Plains in the north, enter Guanzhong in the west, and connect Longxi through Hanzhong. During the confrontation between the north and the south, the military defense line of the South stretched for three or four thousand li from east to west, and Xiangyang was at the connecting point between the southeast and northwest sections of the long front. Therefore, although Xiangyang is a major center of gravity in Hubei Province, it has actually gone beyond the local region and has a global significance. In other words, Xiangyang is the most important. As an important town, Xiangyang's status is of global significance.

From the reality of confrontation between Song Dynasty and Jin Dynasty, Jin people came from the northeast, and their war origins were far away in Liaodong. The northwest southeast oblique line from Guanlong and Jingxiang to the southeast is perpendicular to the strike direction of Jin soldiers, that is, the Northeast southwest oblique line. In addition, the danger of mountains and rivers can ensure that the Southern Song Dynasty temporarily evades the attack of Jin people. This oblique line stretches thousands of miles, connecting the Yangtze River and the Han River. The Yangtze River connects wuhui in the East, Bashu in the west, and Jingxiang in it. The Han River, which runs from Hankou to the southeast edge of Gansu Province, is a shortcut for Guanlong to connect with the southeast. Xiangyang is at the junction of this line. In this way, Xiangyang's important position in the national defense line of the Southern Song Dynasty is self-evident. If we say that the national defense line from Guanlong to southeast is like a huge bow string, then sending troops to the north from Xiangyang is like an arrow. Its potential energy is so great that it can't be explained.

It can be seen that the proper management of Xiangyang is enough to determine whether it is active or passive in strategy. During the reign of Chunxi, Chen Liang wrote a letter to song Xiaozong, proposing to manage Jingxiang in order to restore the Central Plains. On the situation of Jingxiang area, he said: "the place of Jingxiang is connected with wuhui in the East, Bashu in the west, Huxiang in the south pole, Guanluo in the north, stretching from left to right, all of which are good opportunities to forge ahead. Now, if we can reclaim the land and wash the people, we can use it to vent our Qi, so that we can catch Guan Luo's Qi, and then we can compete with China. "

Chen Liang also thought that Qi and Qin were like two arms, "we must first lift Qi in the East and Qin in the west, then we can consolidate the things in our belly to the south of the great river and the north of Changhuai river." However, at that time, Qi and Qin were controlled by Jin people, and Jin people attached more importance to defending Qi and Qin than Jingxiang, so Jingxiang could maintain a situation of attack and defense in Southern Song Dynasty: if Jin people attacked Huainan, song soldiers would go out from Jingxiang north, and then the pressure of Huainan could be reduced; if Jin people focused on Jingxiang, the East and West armies would be used to restrain the latter; if the time was ripe, Jingxiang would be defeated When the soldiers went to the north, they moved slowly and steadily, which showed that between Tang and Deng dynasties, the Jin people would return to Henan and garrison more troops. In this way, the Jin people could divide the situation between Qi and Qin, and the situation between Qi and Qin could divide the situation between them, so that the army of Sichuan could go to the north to attack long and cooperate with Shandong heroes through sea to win Shandong. In this way, no matter how the war situation changed, the Southern Song Dynasty could keep the initiative in the war with the cooperation of Jingxiang and the eastern and Western armies. Chen Liang's proposal to run Jingxiang is unique.

Shi Songzhi also has this kind of vision. Since he became an official, he has stayed in Xiangyang almost all the time

In the first year of shaoding (1228), Shi Songzhi was in Xiangyang, where he managed to tuntian and accumulated 680000 stones. He was appointed official and was ordered to know Zaoyang army. In the following year, he was transferred to the post of chief of military equipment, and he was also the counsellor of the system and establishment department.

In the third year of shaoding (1230), Zaoyang army's garrison work was successful again, so Shi Songzhi was promoted to the second rank. Later, because of offering sacrifices to Mingtang, he was granted the title of Yin County male and the food city. After that, Zhimi Pavilion and Jingxi transfer magistrate promoted Changping and appeased the counsellor of zhisi.

Shaoding four years (1231), since Dali Shaoqing and Jingxi, Hubei Zhi deputy. In the next year, he was promoted to minister of Dali and Minister of the Ministry of punishment, and was immediately promoted to the Minister of the western Beijing and Hubei road system, who also knew Xiangyang Prefecture, "give cheap command", and then moved to minister of the Ministry of punishment in the sixth year of shaoding (1233). Since then, Shi Songzhi officially became the commander of the Jinghu war zone.

Shi said that he often secretly reported to Shi Miyuan the geography of Xiangyang and the situation of garrisoning and increasing defense, so he became the commander of Jinghu in less than ten years. He worked hard to manage Xiangyang, carried out garrison work, grasped the most critical issues, and prepared enough food and grass and troops for the defense of Xiangyang.

Lianmeng miejin

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< sub > battle of caizhou

In 1233, wokuotai Khan of great Mongolia sent his envoy Wang Jinan down to Jinghu to discuss with Shi Songzhi about attacking Jin State and supporting Mongolian army's grain and grass. He made a promise that Henan would be owned by Song court after Jin was destroyed. Shi Songzhi wrote a report to the court. Please approve it.

In October, under the decision of Shi Miyuan, the Song court decided to unite Mongolia to destroy the Jin Dynasty, and ordered the Jinghu system division to send troops. Shi Songzhi then sent Jiang Hai, Jiang Wanzai's nephew, Meng Gong and others to lead 20000 troops and transport 300000 grains to caizhou. In the first month of the first year of Duanping (1234), Cai Zhou was conquered and Jin AI Zong hanged himself to death. Meng Gong returned triumphantly with half of Jin AI Zong's corpse, the emperor's ceremonial instruments and jade seals, and the state of Jin was completely destroyed. Of course, Shi Songzhi is good at making use of soldiers. Therefore, the war brought Shi Songzhi unlimited reputation, but also made LiZong see his talent.

Duanping enters Luo

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< sub > Enter Luo horizontally

After the death of Jin Dynasty, although LiZong offered to capture Taimiao, Mongolia did not return it to Henan. Judging from the situation at that time, there must be a war between Song Dynasty and Inner Mongolia sooner or later. Zhao Kui, the general in charge of the war, put forward the strategy of taking charge of Guan shouhe and got the support of Zheng Qingzhi, the prime minister. However, this strategy was really related to the survival of the Southern Song Dynasty, so it was brought to the court for discussion. At this time, Qiao Xingjian and his allies almost unanimously opposed it. Joe

Chinese PinYin : Shi Song Zhi