Zodiac week

Zodiac week

Huang Daozhou (March 9, 1585 to April 20, 1646) was a Han nationality with the name of Youxuan. He was named as Youping or Youyuan. He was also named as juanruo and Juanping. He was called Shizhai. People all over the world respected him as Mr. Shizhai. He was a scholar, painter, writer and national hero in the late Ming Dynasty. Zhangpu County, Zhangzhou Prefecture, Fujian Province (now Tongling Town, Dongshan County, Fujian Province) is a native of Putian, Fujian Province. His great grandfather moved from Putian to Zhangzhou.

Tianqi two years (1622) Jinshi, change Shu Jishi, won the examiner yuan Keli recognition. Li Guan Han Lin Yuan Xiuzhuan, Zhan Shi Fu Shao Zhan Shi. During the reign of Longwu (1645-1646) in the Southern Ming Dynasty, he served as the Minister of the Ministry of Li, the Minister of the Ministry of war, and the Bachelor of wuyingdian (the first assistant). He was captured because of the failure of anti Qing Dynasty. In the second year of Longwu (1646), he died at the age of 62. Emperor Longwu bestowed the posthumous title of "Zhonglie" and the posthumous title of "Wenming Bo". In 1776, Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty gave his posthumous title "Zhongduan". It is also called "Er Zhou" together with Liu Zongzhou.

The zodiac is connected with astronomy, theory and statistics. He is good at calligraphy and painting, and has his own family of poetry and calligraphy. He has taught in Zhejiang Dadi, Zhangpu mingchengtang, Zhangzhou Ziyang, Longxi YeYe and other academies, and cultivated a large number of learned and dignified people.

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Life of the characters

He studied hard in his early years

Born in Tongshan, Fujian Province, Huang Daozhou was born in Putian. He was young, poor and intelligent.

In 1590, five-year-old Huang Daozhou studied in Tongshan Chongwen Academy. After a few years, he was good at writing.

In the 27th year of Wanli (1599), 14-year-old Huang Daozhou traveled to Guangdong and won the praise of "minhai talent".

In 1603, at the age of 18, Huang Daozhou lived in the middle of the sea in Tongshan and studied the book of changes.

In 1605, at the age of 20, Huang Daozhou began to associate with Lingtong mountain.

In the 36th year of Wanli (1608), at the age of 23, Huang Daozhou began to devote himself to teaching and writing.

In 1610, Huang Daozhou, 25, moved to Zhangpu County with his mother.

In 1613, at the age of 28, Huang Daozhou lived in seclusion in Donggao, the eastern suburb of the county, and devoted himself to writing books.

Official retirement

In the second year of Tianqi (1622), a 38 year old Jinshi of zodiac Zhou Zhong, shared the same discipline with Ni Yuanlu and Wang Duo. He successively served as the editor of the Imperial Academy of tomorrow's Qi Dynasty, the scribe of Jingyan exhibition, and the lecturer of the Imperial Academy of Chongzhen Dynasty, the scribe of Jingyan exhibition. Huang Daozhou was grateful for yuan Keli's appreciation. He wrote a biography of yuan jiehuan for his forefather, which described his hard life as an official, so as to write about his upright spirit. Yuan Keli was a Yanguan in the Wanli period of Ming Dynasty. He was demoted to three levels, demoted and remonstrated by Emperor Wanli, and then dismissed for 26 years. He was also a general of the main fighting group in the late Ming Dynasty, and had a great influence on Huang Daozhou's life. Later, Huang Daozhou argued for Qian Longxi and opposed Yang Sichang to talk about peace with the emperor. He became a famous official of the anti Qing Dynasty, and had a strong and upright style.

In the third year of Chongzhen (1630), the court investigated the responsibility of yuan Chonghuan case. Qian Longxi, a former bachelor, was implicated and sentenced to death. After the incident, no one in the whole court dared to defend Qian Longxi. Only Huang Daozhou, out of righteous indignation, drafted a memorial in the middle of the night and sent it to the palace to appeal to the emperor for redress. Shuzhong directly points out Chongzhen's fault: now the emperor has killed many cabinet ministers, but has damaged the country in vain. Emperor Chongzhen was so angry that he thought that he was the patron of Qian Longxi and ordered him to play back. Huang Daozhou again sparsely explained that he was "just an inch of heart" and "left a piece of truth for the national system, border planning, morale and people's heart". He broke the strict law several times and was demoted to three levels. Because of his argument, Qian Longxi was immortal. Although he was not afraid of death and tried his best to defend Qian Longxi, he never excused yuan Chonghuan for that. He pointed out that yuan Chonghuan just killed a Mao Wenlong and wanted to exchange for the five-year Stalemate Stage in order to win. In the end, he was killed and made people laugh at him.

In the first month of the fifth year of Chongzhen (1632), Zodiac Zhou asked to return home because of illness. When he was about to leave Beijing, he pointed out in Shangshu that villains were appointed and held power with the intention of violating the emperor's orders, which led to the fact that scholars and ordinary people were not in the same mind as the emperor. The disaster of looting and plundering by soldiers and bandits occurred, the world was in turmoil, and the scene of rites and music rising and leveling was gone forever. Therefore, he suggested that emperor Chongzhen dismiss villains, appoint virtuous people, and recommend a group of talented and ambitious people. After the memorials were sent, Emperor Chongzhen removed Huang Daozhou's official status and demoted him as a commoner with the charge of "using his relationship to arbitrarily recommend people with no real ability, making random conjectures and fabricating the current situation". After Huang Daozhou dismissed from office, he went south to return to his hometown. On his way through Zhejiang, he agreed to Zhejiang students' request and built an academy in dadishan of Yuhang to teach. Later, he returned to his hometown to give lectures in Ziyang Academy of Zhangzhou.

In 1636, Emperor Chongzhen recalled Huang Daozhou, restored his original official position, promoted him to zuoyude, promoted him to be a Shao Zhan Shi in zhanshifu, and served as a scholar in the Imperial Academy.

In 1638, Huang Daozhou denounced Yang Sichang and other ministers, and privately negotiated peace with the Qing government. On the fifth day of July, Emperor Chongzhen held a meeting in front of the palace. Huang Daozhou and Yang Sichang went forward to debate. Regardless of offending the majesty of the emperor, he argued. Emperor Chongzhen took Yang Sichang's side and scolded him: "all my life I have learned is to be a sycophant!" Huang Daozhou argued in a loud voice: if I dare to speak out in front of the emperor, I will be called a treacherous person. Is it true that a person who flatters in front of the emperor is a loyal person? He made a fierce call to Emperor Chongzhen: there is no distinction between loyalty and treachery. Then evil and justice are confused. How can we govern the country well? After the famous debate, Huang Daozhou was demoted to six levels and transferred to Jiangxi Province.

In 1640, Xie Xuelong, governor of Jiangxi Province, recommended Huang Daozhou to the imperial court for his loyalty and filial piety. Xie Xuelong said: Huang Daozhou is familiar with scriptures and can be an assistant minister. After hearing this, Emperor Chongzhen was furious and ordered to arrest them and put them in prison. He was punished for the crime of "deceiving the world by false learning". As a result of several ministers' strong admonishment, they were changed to "tingzhang 80" and were forever exiled to Guangxi.

In 1641, Yang Sichang died of a violent illness. Chongzhen recalled the original prophecy of the zodiac Zhou, and ordered the restoration of the zodiac Zhou and summoned him to Beijing. At this time, Henan had been captured by Li Zicheng's peasant army, and the territory of Daming outside the pass had also been occupied by the Qing army. Huang Daozhou saw that the imperial court was fatuous and his national fortune was exhausted, so he resigned and went back to his hometown of Zhangpu, Fujian, where he concentrated on writing.

Anti Qing death

In 1644, after the death of the Ming Dynasty, Huang Daozhou was appointed Minister of the Ministry of officials and Minister of rites of the Hongguang Dynasty of the Southern Ming Dynasty. "He was serious and cold, upright, and did not follow the secular world." Yang Tinglin once strongly recommended him to be an official and a direct official.

On April 25 of the second year of Shunzhi (the first year of Hongguang, 1645), after the collapse of Nanjing City, Hongguang regime perished. Huang Daozhou returned to Fujian and arrived in Fuzhou. Emperor Longwu granted him the title of the Bachelor of Wuying hall, the official and the soldier. At that time, the Qing government issued a shaving order. The people of Jiangnan asked for help from the Longwu court of the Southern Ming Dynasty. Huang Daozhou returned to his hometown to raise troops.

On September 19, the second year of Shunzhi (1645, the first year of Longwu in the Southern Ming Dynasty), Huang Daozhou raised thousands of people, only a dozen horses, and food for a month to go out of xianxiaguan to fight against the Qing soldiers. At the beginning of October, Zodiac Zhou led his troops to Guangxin (now Shangrao) and raised three months' Army grain. The soldiers attacked the Qing soldiers in three ways, one way to the west to attack Fuzhou (now Linchuan), and the other two ways to the north to attack Wuyuan and Xiuning. Soon after, the three roads were defeated. On December 6, the zodiac weekly led the team to Wuyuan and went to tongjiafang. They learned that Leping had fallen. On the 24th, when they arrived at Mingtang, the troops were ambushed by Qing soldiers. Huang Daozhou was captured by Zhang Tianlu, the guard General of Huizhou in the Qing Dynasty, and sent to Nanjing prison. In prison, he chanted as before, and there was a poem that said: 60 years ago, things have changed, and there is little life. Old minister squeeze a cavity blood, can see Central Plains ten thousand li return. Hong Chengchou, an envoy of the Qing government, persuaded him to surrender. Huang Daozhou wrote a couplet like this: "although the writing style of history is not successful, it can be used in the end; Hong's kindness is vast, and he can't serve his country and become a foe." Compare Shi Kefa with Hong Chengchou. Hong Chengchou was both ashamed and ashamed. Shangshu asked for exemption from Daozhou's death penalty, but the Qing government did not allow it. After 12 days of fasting, his wife Cai wrote: loyal officials have a country but no family, please don't care about the family.

On March 5 (April 20), the third year of Shunzhi (the second year of Longwu in Nanming Dynasty), Huang Daozhou died. Before his execution, he washed his hands, changed his clothes, obtained paper and ink, painted a long pine and strange stone, and left a message to his family: before I followed the principle of benevolence and righteousness, I would not die, so I was able to get through the difficult situation safely; now all the talents have fallen from the sky, so I am the only one who is in danger and adheres to the principle of kindness. When he died, his old servant wept for him sadly. Huang Daozhou comforted him and said, "I died for the great righteousness of the world. I have already enjoyed my life. Why do you mourn for me? So he was punished calmly. On the execution ground of Donghuamen, Huang Daozhou paid homage to the south again. He tore his clothes, bit his fingers, and left a blood letter to his family: "the code of ethics is eternal, and righteousness is eternal; heaven and earth know me, and my family is carefree." Justice is a constant virtue. Heaven and earth also understand my wish. I hope my family will have no worries. Before his execution, he exclaimed: how can there be a Zodiac week who is afraid of death? At last, his head was broken and his body stood upright. After his death, people found in his clothes "Daming orphan Minister Huang Daozhou" seven characters. His disciples Cai Chunrong, Lai Jijin, Zhao Shichao and Mao Yujie were killed on the same day, known as the "four gentlemen of Huangmen".

Obituary to Fujing (now Fuzhou)

Chinese PinYin : Huang Dao Zhou