Huang Chunyao

Huang Chunyao

Huang Chunyao (July 13, 1605 - August 24, 1645), originally named Jinyao, was a native of Jiading (now Shanghai) in Suzhou Prefecture of Southern Zhili. In 1643, he became a Jinshi and returned to Yiyan classics. In the first year of Hongguang (1645), Jiading people revolted against the Qing Dynasty, and Hou Dong was once promoted as the leader. After the city broke, Huang yuanyao and his younger brother hanged themselves in the museum. To poetry, there is "Tao An Ji.".

Profile

Huang Chunyao was born in the 33rd year of Wanli (1605). At the age of 3, he read a thousand characters, at the age of 5, he read four books and five classics. At the age of 14, he was among the best in the county examination, and at the age of 17, he was a learned disciple. He was known as "Huang QianLiJu". Because of his outstanding poems, he was appreciated by Cheng jiasui, one of the "four masters of Jiading", and recommended to Qian Qianyi, a great poet of Changshu, to teach mengguan. Huang Chunyao hated the flashy eight part essay very much. He and his disciples Lu Yuanfu organized the "straight speech society", which advocated the articles of practical use and meaningful words. In 1642, Jinshi was upright in nature, dissatisfied with the darkness of the imperial court and unwilling to be an official. He preferred to go back to his hometown to teach and be indifferent to life.

In 1644, the Qing soldiers entered the pass and carried out the policy of national high pressure. They forced the Han people to shave their hair and keep their braids Provoked strong resistance. In June of 1645, Jiading spontaneously organized local soldiers to fight against the Qing Dynasty, and jointly promoted local sages Hou dongzeng and Huang Chunyao as leaders. Hou and Huang led the rebel army to defend the city and kill Li Chenglin, the younger brother of Li Chengdong, the governor of Jiangnan in the Qing Dynasty. On July 4, the city fell because of being outnumbered. Hou Dong did not come down and threw himself into Yecheng. Huang Chunyao hanged himself in Xilin nunnery and left a suicide note: "in the first year of Hongguang, on the fourth day of July, Huang Chunyao, a Jinshi, made a suicide decision in the monk's house in Xicheng. Whoo! It's only a matter of heart that you can't enter the imperial court and retreat. You can't clean your body and hide yourself. You can't benefit much from reading, and you can't succeed in learning Tao. In the other day, the atmosphere of foreign countries has returned to tranquility, and Chinese scholars and commoners should know and give their hearts to those who see the sun and discuss the world. " At the age of 41, his younger brother Huang yuanyao died with his elder brother. He was only 22 years old, and his family name was Zhenwen. When his brother died, his blood gushed into the wall, and his trace never disappeared. Master Wu wrote the word "liubi" with a tearful pen. After the death of Huang Chunyao, his disciple Lu Yuanfu hung his portrait in his study and paid homage all day long.

Huang Chunyao studied the classics and had profound attainments. His poems and essays were old and became a family. He was satirical of the current politics and wrote Shan Zuo Bi Tan and Tao An Ji. Ji Xiaolan, a famous scholar in the Qing Dynasty, commented on his poems as "natural without cowardice". Huang Chunyao worships Tao Yuanming, so he has the title of tao'an. His articles are simple and elegant, such as Li longmian's painting of Luohan and the ode to the stubborn mountain, which are still respected by people, and some of them have been selected into students' textbooks. Qian Daxin once praised: "the article of the public, blue sky and white day; the heart of the public, cold ice Haoyue."

Chunyao was good at calligraphy and painting.

Commemoration of posterity

After the martyrdom of Huang and Huang, the people buried them again in the south of Bao's house on the Bank of Yantie River in Fangtai, Jiading, where they lived. The original tomb was built in the second year of Yongli (1648, the fifth year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty) and is located in Shuishui village, Fangtai Township, with a cemetery area of 0.64 hectares. In 1962, it was listed as a municipal cultural security unit. In 1990, the Shanghai Municipal Commission of cultural administration allocated funds for the reconstruction of the original tomb. In June 1992, it was once again listed as a cultural relic protection unit at the municipal level in Shanghai.

There are couplets at the door of the tomb: there is no match for a scholar, no match for a scholar, no match for a loyal minister.

Two Huang Huang Guo, the news spread to Yang after the people in Town West Street Town God's Temple south, cross street Lai Feng Bridge North Building Huang Gong shrine. A plaque with the big character of "shuangzhong aristocratic family" was hung inside, and Huang Chunyao and Huang Chunyuan's throne and statue were erected. There are many praise poems among the visitors.

Wang yuelun's ye shuangzhong Temple

The soul of loyalty is strong in ancient times, but it is difficult to support the country with only one hand; the blood pricks the sleeves, and the heart shines on the hall of history. Those who have been robbed by the war will not be deleted for thousands of years. When the memorial hall looks at the portrait, it will shed tears.

Visiting Mr. Erhuang Temple by Shi Linrui from Yang Xingyi

The new ancestral hall is dedicated to the two sages; the grass is green, and the blood is blue.

Loyalty and filial piety, heaven and family, the article is magnificent; a single fragrance, the heart is broken to embrace the legacy.

Shenzhou's diaotao'an brothers

He swore to defend the lonely city, but he did not have enough strength. He surprised the cavalry to walk around the Huangchi lake. He died calmly, carried the national spirit, and generously left a topic to report what he knew.

The plain silk is covered with clouds without ink and dirt, and Dagui believes in it with few flaws. His heart is not ignorant in the end, and he doesn't believe in the words of Jueming.

Yan Rong's Untitled

The city is broken in a hundred battles, and the blade is half bent; the second Duke supports the right spirit, and once he dies, he becomes a perfect man.

He is loyal to the water, strong in spirit, and new in sacrificial rites; he is a mediocre minister who still has a lot of hatred and harms the country.

In 1776, Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty granted posthumous titles to Hou dongzeng and Huang Chunyao as "loyalty Festival". The posthumous inscription reads: "since the Ming tripod was moved, the dangerous city was not kept, and the name of the tripod was immortal The imperial court allocated school fields to support Huang's descendants to study, and set up tomb fields to support tomb keepers. In 1932, after the Anti Japanese war in Songhu on January 28, Jiading rebuilt yechi and wrote couplets on both sides of the entrance gate

In the Qingchi lake, the green blood dissolves in the cold ripples; after the festival, the loyal officials and filial sons will be loyal for thousands of years.

The yechi monument was moved to the intersection of Qinghe Road and Chengzhong road about 130 meters southwest of the original site.

Related literature

Southern strategy of Ming Dynasty

Huang Chunyao, whose name is Yunsheng, is called tao'an; Chongzhen Renwu, whose name is Juren, is not a Jinshi. His name is Wei Gong. Chunyaosu and the monk are good in nature, and their nature is not chunyaosu.

In June of Yiyou, the Qing army surrounded Jiading. Chunyao lived in the temple in the city; yuanyao lived in the battlements of the old city and refused to fight day and night. In July, when the situation became more and more urgent, Chunyao said to yuanyao, "if the city is broken, trust me.". Yuan Yao was weak and gentle, and the city was not broken for three days. His eyes suddenly stood out, and his eyes were blue and iron, like Suiyang. The battlements fall down, the solid mud is big, the bag weighs several hundred jin, uses the long wooden shoulder, ascends the city to repair; many different Yan. When the city of kuchou broke down, he reported back to Chunyao and said, "I've done my job! What's the matter? Yuan Yao said: "I have finished my work as a scholar. What can I say?"! Chunyao robes, yuanyao also Confucian crown, with hanging temple. Chunyao inscribed on the wall: "on the fourth day of June in the first year of Hongguang, Huang Chunyao, a posthumous minister, made his own decision in the monk's house in Xicheng. Whoo! We can't enter the Xuanli Dynasty, we can't retreat, we can't clean ourselves, we can't benefit from reading, we can't succeed in learning Tao! It's just a matter of heart.

At that time, those who took refuge in the temple learned that when Qing soldiers entered the temple, they all killed them. The second was Xing Ru, who said, "I have been closed for 20 years."! Who does the soldier ask? The nature is like telling; go quietly. After the soldiers arrived, questions and answers were as before. When soldiers ask for treasure, their nature is like answering nothing. Some soldiers say, "is there no treasure to be provided by the great benefactor?"? Nature is like pointing to the ground, saying: "if this corpse is lying on the ground, if there is a treasure, it will die. How can we sit here?"! The soldier said, "if there is no treasure, kill it.". As the saying goes, "if you kill, you will kill your ears, and the treasure will finally disappear. This is also the evil of the previous life. What's the matter with you?"! Are you afraid? Nature is like saying: "you can avoid it in peace."! The soldiers said, "are you afraid of corpses all over the city?"? It's like saying, "I'm not afraid to kill, not to mention the corpse.". The soldier said, "good! I give you an arrow to hang the gate of the temple. Since then, no one has entered. ". I'm going. No soldier can win. And on the seventh day of the lunar new year, I bought two coffins to bury Chunyao and yuanyao. They were all zombies, and there was no evil spirit. The corpses were filthy and smelly. They were wrapped in reed mats and burned.

Ming History

Huang Chunyao is a native of Jiading. When he was a student of all kinds, the imperial examination of Shen Ji was full of elegance. Celebrities fight for business, sound and profit. They are indifferent and willing. They don't want to be conquered. He became a Jinshi in the 16th year of Chongzhen. GUI Yi studied the classics, dressed in robes and ate in a small room. When the capital fell, the king of fortune established the southern capital, and all the Jinshi learned how to appoint officials, Chunyao did not go to the election alone. And the death of Nandu, Jiading also broken. With a calm breath, he will go to the monk's house with his brother yuanyao and commit suicide. The monk said, "if the public does not serve the officials, there will be no death." Chunyao said: "the city's demise and its demise are not based on the source of two hearts." Naisuo wrote: "on July 24, the first year of Hongguang, Huang Chunyao, a Jinshi, made his own decision in the monk's house in the west of the city. Whoop! They can't enter the Xuanli Dynasty, they can't retreat, they can't clean themselves, they can't benefit from reading, they can't succeed in learning Tao, they can't sleep, that's all So he hanged himself with yuanyao, one in forty.

Chunyao weak crown is the book "self supervision record" and "zhiguolu", which is dedicated to the study of sages and sages. After the calendar, the day, the night will be written. Every language gains and losses, thinking about pure and miscellaneous, no unprepared knowledge, with introspection. Late and full of nourishment and quintessence, attainments. His poems and ancient prose are well-known. There are fifteen volumes of Tao An Ji. His private posthumous title is Zhenwen. Yuanyao, whose name is Weigong, is a good student. He likes to learn and act like his brother.

Inscription of Wenchang Pavilion

The monument is 72 cm high and 105 cm wide. It was erected in front of the reconstructed Tomb of Huang Chunyao in December 1990. Inscription: "Huang Chunyao (1605-1645) was born in Jiading County, Suzhou, Zhili Prefecture, Southern Ming Dynasty (now Jiading County, Shanghai). His original name was Jinyao, and his name was Yunsheng, Songya, Taoan and Shuijing. He had a poor family background, was eager to learn from his childhood, had a good family of poetry, and had many contacts with Southeast celebrities. He was especially impetuous with Hou dongzeng (Yongzhan). He accepted the fame and restored the society together, and honed his integrity with each other. He became a Jinshi in 1643. The next year, the Qing army entered the pass, broke the Hongguang Dynasty in the southern capital, and Jiading was also trapped. The order of shaving hair was issued. The people were furious, and the righteous soldiers rose to drive away the fake officials. Demoted General Li Chengdong led the Ministry to suppress. Hou dongzeng and Huang Chunyao led the righteous soldiers to mount the city and resolutely resisted. After more than half a month, they were outnumbered by the rest of the people. In the event of heavy rain, the city collapsed and failed to defend. The people in the city were slaughtered. Hou Dong and his second son Shen yechi died. Chunyao and his younger brother yuanyao (Weigong) went to the Xilin nunnery (a Zhusheng nunnery) in the west of the city to study. On the wall of the blood shed, Huang Chunyao, a Jinshi of the first year of Hongguang of the Ming Dynasty, wrote a big book "on July 4, the first year of Hongguang of the Ming Dynasty", which was written by Huang Chunyao, a monk in the western regions. Whoop. They can't enter the Xuanli Dynasty, they can't retreat, they can't clean themselves, they can't benefit much from reading and they can't succeed in learning Tao. In the next day, the Chinese people will see the sun again, and those who talk about the world will still know

Chinese PinYin : Huang Chun Yao