Huang Kuan

Huang Kuan

Wong fun (1829-october 12, 1878), male, named Jiechen and chuoqing, was born in Dongan Township, Xiangshan County, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province (now Dongan village, Tangjiawan Town, Xiangzhou District, Zhuhai City). He is a doctor and educator in modern China. Graduated from the University of Edinburgh, one of the first batch of Chinese students to study abroad, the first scholar to study western medicine in the UK and obtain a doctor's degree. After returning to China, he was engaged in clinical and teaching, with profound medical skills, especially in surgery. The first embryotomy in China was successfully performed. He was the first Chinese doctor to serve as a medical officer of the medical department of the customs and one of the first teachers of Western medicine in China.

Profile

Wong fun (1829-october 12, 1878), male, was a famous minister and a nickname of chuoqing. Born in 1829 in Dongan Township, Xiangshan County, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province (now Dongan village, Tangjiawan Town, Xiangzhou District, Zhuhai City), the date of birth is unknown. Huang Kuan's parents died early in his childhood and was raised by his grandmother. He was gifted with wisdom. When he first entered a rural private school, he was able to understand and recite as soon as he was instructed by the teacher. Later, he dropped out of school because of his poor family. In 1855, he received a doctor's degree from Edinburgh University.

Life of the characters

He was born in Dongan Township, Xiangshan County, Guangdong Province in 1829.

In 1841, he went to Macao to study in Morrison school.

In November 1841, he moved to Hong Kong with Morrison school and studied in the school for six years.

In January 1847, he went to the United States with Mr. and Mrs. Brown, together with Rong Hong and Huang Sheng. On April 12, he arrived in New York and joined Monson school in Massachusetts. He studied in the school for two years and graduated in the summer of 1849.

He went to Edinburgh University to study medicine in 1850. In August 1855, he was awarded the degree of doctor of medicine.

In 1855, he received a bachelor's degree from Edinburgh University, studied in Britain for two years, and received a doctor's degree in 1857.

He returned to Hong Kong in 1857 and served in the London society hospital.

In 1858, he went to Guangzhou to work in the huiai medical center.

In 1860, he resigned from huiai medical center and set up his own clinic. In his spare time, he assisted Boji Medical Bureau in diagnosis. In the same year, he performed embryotomy, which was the first case of this kind of operation in China.

At the beginning of 1862, Li Hongzhang was employed as a medical officer in the shogunate, and resigned within half a year. After returning to Guangzhou, he set up his own clinic to practice medicine, and participated in the diagnosis of Boji hospital and the teaching of training Chinese doctors.

In 1863, he was employed as a medical officer of the medical department of Guangzhou Customs.

In 1866, he was employed to teach anatomy, physiology and surgery in South China Medical School founded by Boji hospital.

In 1867, he was the acting president of Boji hospital. This is the first autopsy in our hospital, which was performed by Huang Kuan.

There was an epidemic of cholera in Guangzhou in 1873.

In 1875, he also served as the director of Southwest Medical Bureau.

He died of gangrene on October 12, 1878.

Life experience

When Huang Kuan was 12 years old (1840), he went to Morrison school (later moved to Hong Kong) and became a classmate with Rong Hong. Morrison school is the first Western School in Macao. The school was organized by the Morrison Education Association in January 1835, which was initiated and organized by foreigners in Guangzhou. In January 1847, with the help of brown and other American friends, Huang Kuan, Rong Hong and Huang Sheng entered the Monson Academy in Massachusetts. At that time, there were no high schools in the United States, and only preparatory schools served as preparatory courses for universities. Mengsong school was the most famous preparatory school at that time. President R.C. Hammond, a graduate of Yale University, was also a famous educator at that time. He was very polite to the three Chinese students. Among the three students, Huang Shengnian was the longest. However, Huang Sheng dropped out of school and returned to China the following autumn due to illness. Huang Kuan and Rong Hong graduated in the summer of 1849 after two years of study.

In the summer of 1850, after graduating from high school, Huang Kuan accepted the sponsorship of a British businessman in Hong Kong, so he was admitted to the University of Edinburgh on November 4, 1851. He studied literature for the first year, and began to study medicine in 1851. He completed his five-year undergraduate studies with outstanding results, and obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree and a Bachelor of Medicine degree. After that, he continued to study for a doctor's degree in pathology and anatomy. Two years later, he obtained the qualification of Western medicine and became the first foreign student in China to graduate from a British university and obtain the qualification of Western medicine. Huang Kuan studied English for seven years.

In 1857, after returning to China as the first doctor of medicine, Huang Kuan accepted the appointment of the London Missionary Society as a missionary according to the wishes of his patrons. First, he set up a clinic in Hong Kong. Because of the discrimination and exclusion of British missionaries such as Dr. Benjamin Hobson of the London Missionary Society, he resigned as a missionary and took charge of the management of civil hospitals in Hong Kong.

In 1858, he went to Guangzhou to take over the huiai medical center founded by B. Hobson in jinlibu. Huang Kuan made great efforts to rectify the library, which made the library's business prosperous. According to the report in 1859, the library had 80 beds, 430 inpatients and 26030 outpatients. Huang Kuan personally taught 4 students to assist him in medical treatment. Because Huang Kuan disagreed with the authorities and was dissatisfied with the actions of a certain believer, he resigned from the huiai medical center in 1866 and set up his own clinic to assist the Boji hospital in the diagnosis.

Since 1864, Boji hospital began to recruit students of Western medicine, and Huang Kuan participated in the teaching work of training Chinese students in the hospital.

In 1866, Boji hospital officially attached Nanhua medical school, which was the first missionary medical school in China to systematically train western medicine, and enrolled male students. Huang Kuan was employed to teach in the school, and the dean of the school, John Jia, served as the main teaching task. When Jia John wrote textbooks and handouts, he always turned to Huang Kuan for help when he encountered problems with medical vocabulary that were difficult to translate. He studied with him carefully until he found the most accurate vocabulary. At the beginning, there were only male students in Boji hospital. In 1879, the Nanhua medical school attached to Boji hospital enrolled three female students for the first time. The first generation of Western medicine talents have been trained in China through three years of basic theory study and clinical practice. Not only that, they spread a whole new medical system in China, including Western medical treatment and hospital system, medical technology and medicine, medical education, medical research and medical publicity.

In 1867, John left China because of illness, and Huang Kuan was the acting director of Boji hospital.

In 1875, Huang Kuan was also the director of Southwest Medical Bureau. In 1876, the school expanded the laboratory equipment and established the Herbarium.

In 1862, Huang Kuan was once employed by Li Hongzhang as a medical officer in the shogunate.

During the cholera epidemic in Guangzhou in 1873, he wrote articles commenting on the difference between true and false cholera, and compiled hospital reports and customs medical Yearbook, but no other monograph was published. Huang Kuan was busy with medical affairs and teaching all his life.

On October 12, 1878, Huang Kuan suffered from gangrene and died. (another story: on October 15, 1878, Huang Kuan died in his prime at the age of 50

Career

Personality traits

Huang Kuan is upright and unsociable. He lives a simple life and does not drink or smoke. He has a natural disposition to respect the old and love the young. He is filial to his grandmother and lives with his sister. He respects and loves his nephews and tries his best to educate them. After marrying he Futang's daughter, he divorced his wife for some unknown reason and never married again, so he had no one to go out.

Medical career

Guangzhou Boji hospital was formerly an ophthalmic medical bureau established by P. Parker, an American missionary doctor. It was closed in June 1840 due to the war and resumed business in November 1842. In 1855, John Glasgow Kerr, another American missionary doctor, took over the post of American diplomat in China. In 1856, because of the outbreak of the Sino British war again, the medical bureau was burned and closed. In January 1859, after finding a new site in the southern suburb of Guangzhou, John Jia established the medical bureau again and renamed it Boji hospital. After returning to China, Huang Kuan participated in the medical service of Boji hospital, and since 1862, he has also participated in the teaching of training Chinese medical students. In 1866, Boji hospital founded Nanhua medical school. Huang Kuan was employed to teach in the school and was jointly responsible for the teaching work with Jia John. Huang Kuan teaches anatomy, physiology and surgery; John Jia teaches medicinal chemistry; Guan Tao teaches clinical subjects. At the beginning, there were only male students in Boji hospital, and the first female medical student was admitted in 1879.

In 1862, Huang Kuan was once employed by Li Hongzhang to serve as a medical officer in the shogunate. Less than half a year later, he resigned because he was not interested in official life. At that time, Ding Yusheng of Shanghai Daotai advised him to resume his post and allowed him all kinds of conveniences, but Huang Kuan did not. In the same year, he returned to Guangzhou and continued to practice medicine in his own clinic. In 1863, the medical department of the Customs was established, and 17 medical officers were employed. Among them, 16 were foreign doctors. Only Huang Kuan, a Chinese, served as the medical officer of the medical department of the Guangzhou Customs, which fully reflected Huang Kuan's position in the western medicine field at that time.

Medical achievements

Huang Kuan also made great achievements in medical field. In 1867, John left China because of illness, and Huang Kuan was the acting director of Boji hospital. During his term as acting president, he performed more operations than in any other year. The number of students admitted to medical schools is also larger than in the past. In 1867, the first autopsy in Boji hospital was performed by Huang Kuan. It can be proved that Huang Kuan played an important role in the teaching and diagnosis of Boji hospital at that time. In 1875, Huang Kuan was also the director of Southwest Medical Bureau. In a word, in all kinds of Posts he held, he always devoted himself to his duty, worked hard and never slacked off, and won the general praise of the medical profession.

Chinese PinYin : Huang Kuan