Hung Chien

Lu Yu

Lu Yu (about 733-804), whose name is Hongjian, was born in Jingling (now Tianmen City, Hubei Province) of Fuzhou in the Tang Dynasty. He was a disease, whose name is Jiqi. He was named jinglingzi, sangzhuweng and donggangzi, and also called "the censor of Chashan". Tea experts in Tang Dynasty were known as "tea Fairy", respected as "tea saint" and worshipped as "tea God".

Lu Yusheng is humorous and has a close relationship with poetess Li Jilan and monk Jiao ran. Lu Yu loved tea all his life and was good at tea ceremony. In the early Tang Dynasty (760 A.D.), Lu Yu lived in seclusion in Tiaoxi (now Huzhou, Zhejiang Province). He wrote three volumes of the book of tea, which discussed the characteristics, quality, origin, planting, picking, cooking and drinking, and utensils of tea. Become the first tea monograph in the world.

Lu Yu's autobiography is included in the whole Tangwen. He once wrote three volumes of Bantan. He has a strong interest in tea, long-term implementation of research, familiar with tea cultivation, breeding and processing technology, and good at tea. He opened an era of tea and made outstanding contributions to the development of world tea industry. He is also good at writing poems, but there are not many of his poems left in the world. There are five articles in quantangwen and two poems in quantangshi.

Life of the characters

The Bird Descends Gracefully

Lu Yu is an abandoned baby, which is not hidden in the history supplement of Tang Dynasty, the new book of Tang Dynasty and the biography of Tang talented scholars. One early morning in the late autumn of 733, Zen master Zhiji of Jingling longgai Temple passed a small stone bridge in the western suburb. He heard the wailing of geese under the bridge. When he came near, he saw a group of geese protecting a baby boy with their wings. The baby boy shivered with the frost. Zhiji took him back to the temple and adopted him. The stone bridge was later called "ancient wild goose bridge", and the nearby streets were called "wild goose Street", and the remains are still there.

Ji Gong was a famous monk in the Tang Dynasty. At that time, there lived a learned Confucian Li Gong in the nearby village. Li Gong, a former shogunate official, abandoned his post during the turmoil. He taught village children in the opening school at the foot of the beautiful longgai mountain. He had a deep relationship with Ji Gong. Ji Gong asked Li Gong and his wife to nurse the abandoned baby. At that time, Li Jilan, the daughter of Li's and his wife, just turned one year old, named Ji Qi after Ji LAN and regarded it as her own child. Ji LAN and Ji CI eat at the same table and play on the same meadow. When they grow up to seven or eight years old, Li Gong and his wife grow older and feel homesick day by day.

Ji Qi returns to longgai temple and cooks tea and water beside Ji Gong. Ji Gong intended to cultivate him, and took great pains to name him by divination. He took Yi as the divination of "Jian". The divination says: "when hung Chien was on land, his feathers can be used as an instrument." It means wild geese flying in the sky, flying wings, geese neat, all the way. So the surname was "Lu", and the name was "Yu", with hung Chien as the word. Ji Gong also made good tea, which made Lu Yu learn the art of tea since he was young. At the age of 12, Lu Yu finally left longgai temple. After that, Lu Yu worked as a clown actor, screenwriter and composer in the local troupe. Li Qiwu, a famous official who was banished to jingling, appreciated him and went to huomen mountain for seven years. He didn't learn to go down the mountain until he was 19 years old.

Investigation of tea

In the middle of Tang Dynasty, Lu Yu followed the refugees from Chengzhou to the north, traversed the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the Huaihe River Basin, investigated and collected a large number of first-hand information on tea production and production, and accumulated rich experience in tasting springs and water. He wrote an article named "water tasting". Unfortunately, it has been lost now. However, in Jian Cha Shui Ji, Zhang Youxin, a scholar of the same generation, once listed in detail a list of 20 kinds of water, including rivers, wells, springs and snow water, which Lu Yu had commented on. For example, the water curtain water of kangwanggu in Lushan is the first, the stone spring water of Huishan temple in Wuxi is the second, and the stone water of Lanxi in Qizhou is the third. Zhongling spring in the center of the Yangtze River (now Zhenjiang, also known as Nanling spring) is listed as the seventh grade.

Zhao Yu, a former governor of Quzhou in the Tang Dynasty, had a deep friendship with Lu Yu. He said in his book yinhualu: "Lu Yu is fond of tea and initiated the method of frying tea. In the tea house, pottery statues are placed among the tin wares. Yunyi tea is good enough. "

Legend 4

After he came down from huomen mountain (Tianmen Mountain), Lu Yu, a 19-year-old boy, was determined to study tea. His famous song of six admirations is included in the poems of the whole Tang Dynasty: "do not envy the golden cup, the white jade cup, the entrance to the province, the entrance to the stage at dusk, the West River and the jingling city." After the Anshi rebellion, Lu Yu went all the way to investigate the tea business and traveled to Shuzhou (now anqing) and Huzhou in the south of the Yangtze River. At that time, he was only 24 years old and settled here. He got up early and stayed at night. He took tea people as friends and tea as companions. He enriched the writing of the book of tea with a lot of on-the-spot investigation materials.

Lu Yu lived just before and after the an Shi rebellion. In the history of Chinese culture, Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism coexisted, while Confucianism and Zen converged in the south.

When Lu Yu first came to Jiangnan, he met huangfuran, who was then Wuxi County Magistrate. Huangfuran was a famous scholar who came from the number one scholar. He helped Lu Yu with his tea activities. But Jiaoran, the poet monk, was the most helpful and affectionate to Lu Yu's tea activities. Jiaoran, a popular surname Xie, was the tenth grandson of Xie Lingyun in the Southern Dynasty. Jiao Lu was able to make friends for more than 40 years, until he died one after another. His friendship was deeply admired by later generations, which was played up by the biography of Tang talented scholars. Jiaoran lived in seclusion in Miaoxi Temple of Zhushan in Huzhou for many years, but he had a wide connection with the famous monks, dignitaries and dignitaries at that time, which naturally expanded Lu Yu's scope and vision of making friends. Lu Yu lived in Miaoxi temple for many years, collecting and sorting out the information about tea affairs. Later, with the help of Jiaoran, he began to write the book of tea by "closing the door to the book on the Bank of Tiaoxi River".

Don't admire glory

It is said that Jigong monk of jingling in Tang Dynasty was good at tea tasting. He could not only identify what kind of tea he drank, but also distinguish the water used to make tea, and also judge who was the tea maker. This kind of tea tasting skills, one pass ten, ten pass hundred, people regard Jigong monk as a "tea immortal". The news also spread to Emperor Daizong. Daizong himself was a tea drinker and a tea connoisseur, so the palace employed some tea connoisseurs. After hearing this rumor, Daizong was dubious, so he ordered monk Jigong to come and decided to be an interview tea.

When monk Jigong arrived at the palace, the emperor ordered him to build a bowl of superior tea to taste. After thanking him for his kindness, Ji Gong took a sip of tea and put down the bowl. He never took a second sip of tea. When the emperor asked why, Ji Gong got up to touch his long beard and replied with a smile, "all the tea I drink is made by disciple Lu Yu. If you are used to the tea he fried, and then drink the tea others fried, you will feel as indifferent as water. " After hearing this, the emperor asked where Lu Yu was? Ji Gong replied, "Lu Yu loves nature very much. He has traveled all over the world to appreciate the famous tea and spring. Now it's hard for poor monks to know where he is."

So all the officials in the court sent people to look for Lu Yu everywhere. In a few days, they finally found him in the mountains of Shuzhou (now anqing) in the south of the Yangtze River, and immediately called him to the palace. The emperor was glad to see that although Lu Yu stuttered and was not good-looking, his speech was extraordinary and knowledgeable. So he told him to cook the tea. Lu Yu readily agreed. He took out the good tea he had picked before Qingming, cooked it in spring water and offered it to the emperor. The emperor took the tea bowl, gently opened the lid, a burst of fragrance, the spirit is one of the cool, and then look at the bowl of tea green clear, taste mellow sweet, repeatedly nodded praise of good tea. Then he asked Lu Yu to fry another bowl, which was given to monk Jigong in the imperial study by the palace maid. Ji Gong took up his tea, took a sip of it, and then drank it down. Ji Gong put down his tea bowl, walked out of his study excitedly, and cried out, "where is hung Chien (Lu Yu's character) The emperor was surprised: "how does the Duke know that Lu Yu is here?" Ji Gong laughed and said, "only Jian'er can cook the tea I just tasted. After drinking this tea, of course, I know that Jian'er is coming."

Dai Zong admired monk Ji Gong's tea tasting skills and Lu Yu's tea skills, so he left Lu Yu to serve in the palace and train tea masters. However, Lu Yu did not envy the glory and wealth, and soon returned to Tiaoxi to concentrate on writing the tea classic.

There is a saying

Lu Yu occupied himself with the book of changes and got the hexagram of Jian: "when hung Chien was in Lu, his feather could be used as an instrument and auspicious." It means that the geese fly in the sky, and the four sides are the thoroughfare. The two feathers move in a neat and orderly manner, which can be used as a good omen. According to the meaning of this hexagram, Lu Yu, who had no name at that time, chose his surname as "Lu" and named it "Yu" after "Hongjian". This seems to tell: This is all humble, in fact, it is arrogant; from parents, it is like heaven. Lu Yu learned to read Chinese, recite Buddhist scriptures, and cook tea in the Yellow scrolls, green lanterns and Sanskrit sound of bells. Although he lived in the pure land of Buddhism and heard "Sanskrit" every day, Lu Yu didn't want to convert to Buddhism and cut his hair to become a monk.

In the blink of an eye for three years, Lu Yu was 12 years old. He felt that it was difficult for the sun and the moon in the temple. He went to a troupe to learn acting and became an actor. Although he was not good-looking and stuttered, he was humorous and witty. He was a very successful clown. Later, he wrote three volumes of joke book Bantan.

As the saying goes, lucky people have their own appearance, and Lu Yu is no exception. In the fifth year of Tang Tianbao, Li Qiwu, the governor of jingling, saw Lu Yu's outstanding performance during a gathering of Zhou people. He appreciated his talent and ambition very much. He immediately presented poems and books, and recommended him to study with Zou Fuzi, who lived in seclusion in huomen mountain.

In 752 ad, Cui Guofu, the Minister of rites, was demoted as Sima of jingling. In the same year, Lu Yu bid farewell to Mr. Zou. Cui and Yu know each other. They often travel together, tasting tea, appreciating water, and discussing poetry and essays.

In the 15th year of Tianbao, Lu Yu went to Bashan gorge to investigate tea business. Before his departure, Cui Guofu presented a letter to Bai Lu, Wu yiniu and Wen Huai. Along the way, he stayed in every mountain

Chinese PinYin : Hong Jian