Gao Chongwen

Gao Chongwen

Gao Chongwen (746-809, November 6), with the name Chongwen, was born in Youzhou (< I > today's Beijing area < / I >), and his ancestral home is qiongxian County in Bohai Sea (< I > today's Jingxian County in Hebei Province < / I >). A famous general of the Tang Dynasty.

Gao Chongwen was born in the Gao family of Bohai Sea. In his early years, he joined the Pinglu army. Tang Dezong, with Han Quanyi garrison changwucheng, tired officer Jinwu general. In the fifth year of Zhenyuan (789), he was granted the title of Bohai Prefecture in Tubo, which was invaded by the Buddhist hall. In the fourteenth year of Zhenyuan (798), the mutiny of soldiers was calmed down, and the commander of Wucheng was granted the title of "duzhibingma envoy". Later, he took charge of the four prefectures of Xia, Sui, yin and you, and spent his time on business. In the first year of Yuanhe (806), Gao Chongwen, recommended by Prime Minister Du Huangshang, was ordered to enter Shu to fight against Liu Bi, the Deputy envoy of Xichuan Jiedu who was in rebellion. After months of fierce fighting, he recovered Chengdu in August of the same year and captured Liu PI. After he entered Chengdu, he never committed any crime, and the market was not surprised. The military affairs followed the old rules of Wei Gao's time. In order to pay homage to Jianxiao Sikong, Jiannan Xichuan Jiedushi and other posts, he was renamed Nanping County King. Gao Chongwen didn't know how to write, and was tired of the busy government affairs in Shu. He repeatedly sought to serve as a frontier fortress, so he took the post of envoy out of zhenzhuozhou in the second year of Yuanhe (807). He spent three years in Jiazhou, extensively preparing for war.

In 809, Gao Chongwen died at the age of 64. His posthumous title is "Weiwu". Huichang six years (846), with xianzongting temple. There is a poem "snow Xi Kou Zhan" handed down.

(< I > source of pictures in overview < / I >)

Life of the characters

Join the army

Gao Chongwen was born in Youzhou (< I > today's Beijing area < / I >). He was simple, honest and speechless, but he was intelligent. When he was young, he joined the Pinglu army and followed zhenhuaixi. He was quite familiar with military affairs. In the first year of Guangde (763), Tubo occupied Fengtian (< I > today's Shaanxi < / I > < I > Qian County < / I >), and came to Chang'an city. Emperor Li Yu of Tang Dynasty fled to Shanzhou for refuge, and Gao Chongwen went to Shanzhou to travel there (< I > Shanzhou < / I >), and later returned to Beijing with emperor Daizong. During this period, he made great contributions. After that, Gao Chongwen also participated in the war against the rebellious vassal towns, such as Zhou Zhiguang, the governor of Tonghua, Li lingyao, the governor of biansong, Liang Chongyi, the governor of Shannan Dongdao, and so on. During the reign of emperor Dezong of Tang Dynasty (785-805), Gao Chongwen accompanied Changwu City envoy and Shence camp Jiedu envoy Han Quanyi to guard Changwu city (< I > today's Changwu, Shaanxi < / I >). He had a reputation for running the army. He was tired of being an official to general Jinwu, and he also had three divisions.

Fierce battle of Buddha Hall

In the summer of the fifth year of Zhenyuan (798), the Tibetan army committed 30000 crimes in ningzhou (< I > now Ningxian County, Gansu Province) < / I >), Gao Chongwen was ordered to lead 3000 Jiashi to rescue them, fought fiercely in the Buddhist temple, and defeated the Tibetan army. More than half of the Tibetan army was killed. After the war, Gao Chongwen was granted the title of Bohai Prefecture.

Pacify the mutiny

On the 11th of may in the 14th year of Zhengyuan (798), Han Quanyi was promoted to the rank of governor of Xia, Sui, yin and you. Dezong ordered him to take office in Wucheng. Because xiazhou is a land of sand moraine and bittern, and it was midsummer, the soldiers did not want to move to the hard land in the northwest. On the 12th of the same month, soldiers mutinied and killed General Wang Qiyan. Han Quanyi fled over the city wall. Gao Chongwen, who was then the Marquis of the capital Yu, killed the leader of the mutiny. Only after that did the soldiers settle down. On the 27th of the same month, Dezong appointed Gao Chongwen as the commander of the city of Changwu. Instead of issuing imperial edicts, he asked the Chinese envoy to give them oral instructions. Gao Chongwen's military training in Changwu city is very impressive. In August of the 21st year of Zhenyuan (805), Li Chun, Emperor Xianzong of Tang Dynasty, ascended the throne, Han Quanyi entered the court, and Gao Chongwen took charge of the camp, the holiday and the remaining affairs, and concurrently served as the censor Zhongcheng.

Military command refers to Shu

In the first year of Yuanhe (806), Liu Bi, deputy governor of Xichuan, took charge of Xichuan and sent troops to besiege Li Kang, governor of Dongchuan. Du Huangshang, the prime minister, urged Liu Bi to be consulted, and Gao Chongwen, who was the general of Shence army, was recommended as the commander. On the 23rd of the first month of the same year, Tang Xianzong worshipped Gao Chongwen as the Secretary of the inspection department and the censor doctor. He served as zuoshence's camp governor and led the troops of zuoshence, Linyou and Fengtian. Li Yuanyi, the commander of Shence's Beijing West camp, and Yan Li, the governor of Shannan Xidao, also took part in the war. At that time, many veteran generals, who were respected for their reputation and status, thought that they should be the candidates to fight against Shu. When Xianzong issued an imperial edict to use Gao Chongwen, they were very surprised. When Gao Chongwen was stationed in Changwu City, he trained 5000 soldiers and often maintained a state of combat readiness. He received the imperial edict at Maoshi and set off at Chenshi. There was no shortage of military equipment and dry food. On the 29th of the first month, Gao Chongwen sent troops from xiegu and Li Yuanyi sent troops from Luogu to Zizhou (< I > now Santai, Sichuan < / I >). When Gao Chongwen led the army to Xingyuan, the soldiers were dining in the guest house on the way. Someone broke the owner's chopsticks, and Gao Chongwen beheaded him to show to the public. Gao Chongwen left Langzhou (< I > today's Langzhong, Sichuan) to break through the siege of Zizhou, beat away the Liu Pi's headquarters, and stationed here. Liu Biwei washed away his criminal responsibility and handed over Li Kang, the governor of Dongchuan who had been defeated and captured before, to Gao Chongwen. Gao Chongwen killed Li Kang because he was "defeated and lost". Liu Bi ordered people to build a city in Lutou mountain, an important point 150 miles north of Chengdu (< I > today's northeast of Deyang, Sichuan, < I >), connecting eight fences and garrisoning more than 10000 troops to resist Gao Chongwen. On the fifth day of June, Gao Chongwen defeated the enemy troops up and down Lutou mountain. However, due to the heavy rain, he was unable to attack the fence. Liu PI also set up a barrier at wanshengdui (< I > Northeast of Deyang, Sichuan today). On the sixth day of junior high school, Gao Xiayu, a strong general of Gao Chongwen school, attacked wanshengdui. Gao Xiayu beat the drum himself, and the Tang army climbed up hard, and the enemy's stone was like rain; Gao Xiayu ordered the death squads to climb further, captured wanshengdui, annihilated the rebels, and burned its barrier. The collapse of wanshengdui enabled the Tang army to overlook the whole city of lutouguan. The Tang army won eight wars in total, which shakes the morale of the rebels. On the 8th and 11th of June, Gao Chongwen defeated Liu Bi twice in Deyang and Hanzhou. In July, Gao Chongwen defeated 10000 rebels in Xuanwu. On the third day of the same month, Emperor Xianzong issued an imperial edict, ordering all reinforcements to follow Gao Chongwen's command. On August 12, Gao Chongwen defeated Liu Bijun again in lutouguan, and the rest of the army also went on smoothly. In addition, He Dong general a di Guangyan (< I > Li Guangyan < / I >) stationed in the west of lutouguan to block Liu Bi's grain route. Soon after, Li Wenyue and Qiu Liangfu, the guards of Mianjiang gate, led the city to surrender to Gao Chongwen. They also captured Liu Bi's son-in-law Su Qiang and tens of thousands of soldiers. After conquering Lutou pass, Gao Chongwen led his army to Chengdu. Wherever he went, the enemy troops collapsed and the army was never hindered. On the 21st of the same month, Gao Chongwen conquered Chengdu and sent Gao Xiayu, Li Dingjin and others to capture Liu PI. after entering Chengdu, Gao Chongwen stationed on the roads extending in all directions to let the soldiers rest on the spot. The shops in the city were not disturbed. Precious goods and wealth piled up in the market and were not looted. Gao Chongwen sent more than 20 people including Liu pi to the capital, killed Liu Pi's general Xing Ji and Guan Yi inspector Shen Yan, and did not investigate the rest of them. As for the affairs of the Junfu, no matter big or small, Gao Chongwen ordered them to follow the practices of the former governor of Xichuan in Jiannan and Wei Gao in Nankang. After Gao Chongwen's leisurely command, the whole territory of Xichuan was completely calm. In October of the same year, Gao Chongwen was awarded the title of school inspector Sikong and Chengdu Yin. He also served as an envoy of Jiannan Xichuan Jiedu, guanneidu zhiyingtian for observation and disposal, commanding Zhuman near the border, Xishan eight countries Yunnan pacification, etc. Nanping was renamed as the king of Nanping County, and 300 households were granted food towns. Xianzong also issued an imperial edict to carve stones for Gao Chongwen at the foot of Lutou mountain.

Deng rongxiangyin

In the second year of Yuanhe (807), Gao Chongwen had been in Shu for one year. One day, he said to Jianjun, "I'm just a pawn in Heshuo area. Fortunately, I've made great contributions to my present position. Xichuan is the place where the prime minister hovers. I have been living here for a long time with shame. How dare I stay here with peace of mind! " He repeatedly declared on the table: "Shu is comfortable and leisurely, and there is no place for his ministers to exert their abilities. He hopes to let them go to the frontier and do their best." Emperor Xianzong ordered Wu Yuanheng to replace Gao Chongwen. In December of the same year, Emperor Xianzong appointed Gao Chongwen as the envoy of Xiaping Zhangshi, the governor of Yingzhou, and the governor of Qingzhou in Yingning, which still served as the capital of all the armies in the west of Beijing. Relying on his contributions, Gao Chongwen became extravagant and collected all the military materials in Shu, the gold and silk in the Treasury, the curtain bearing dust, the Kabuki dancers, and the skilled craftsmen. Because Gao Chongwen didn't understand the court ceremony and was afraid to go to the court in Beijing, he was ordered by Xianzong youzhao to go directly to his post. Gao Chongwen was in Jiazhou for three years, extensively preparing for war. Gao Chongwen died of illness on September 25 (November 6) in the fourth year of Yuanhe (809) at the age of 64. The emperor Xianzong gave him the posthumous title of "Weiwu" as a gift for his three-day suspension from the imperial court. Gao Chongwen was buried in Wannian County on the 20th of the first month of the fifth year of Yuanhe (810). Emperor Xianzong laid a foundation for him in Chang'an. All officials went to mourn. Later, it was given to the grand master. In October of the sixth year of Huichang (846), Gao Chongwen, Pei Du, Du Huangshang and Li Yuan shared the xianzongting temple.

Main achievements

personal works

There is a poem by Gao Chongwen in the whole Tang Poetry: xuexikouzhan.

Character evaluation

Du Huangshang: 1. Liu Shu, the governor of Baoyi, and Gao Chongwen, the governor of Wucheng, are both resolute and courageous. (cited by < I > < I > < I > Tang Yulin > < I >) (2) the minister knows that the Shence army makes Gao Chongwen brave and resourceful, and wishes his majesty to appoint him by military instead of setting up a military supervisor

Chinese PinYin : Gao Chong Wen