Liu Mingchuan

Liu Mingchuan

Liu Mingchuan (from September 7, 1836 to January 12, 1896) was named "province 3". He was born in daqianshan. Because he ranked sixth and had pockmarks on his face, he was called Liu liumazi. He was born in Hefei, Anhui Province (now at the foot of daqianshan in Feixi). He was an important general of Huai army in the late Qing Dynasty, a representative of Westernization Movement, and the first governor of Taiwan Province. He is also a national hero admired by the people on both sides of the Strait

In 1864, he was appointed governor of Zhili. In the battle of Wuxi, he led the Huai army of the middle route to capture more than 20000 people under Huang Zilong, the Taiping army. He defeated the Nien army in Huangpi, Weixian and Shouguang. Later, he offered a plan to Li Hongzhang to lead the West Nien army to the narrow area between the Yellow River, the canal and the Tuhai River. After the West Nien army was besieged, Ming army fought against it and the whole army was destroyed. He was the first-class male in Jin Dynasty because he received all the contributions of the Nien army in Pingxi. In 1884, the weak defeated the strong and the few defeated the many, leading the army to defeat the invasion of the French fleet in Danshui and other places.

In 1885, he served as governor of Taiwan. During his tenure in Taiwan, he carried out a series of Westernization reforms, such as organizing and training the new army, building railways, opening coal mines, establishing telecommunications, reforming postal services, developing shipping, promoting Taiwan's trade, developing education, promoting the development of Taiwan's modern industry and commerce, and strengthening Taiwan's defense. It has laid a profound foundation for Taiwan's modernization. Later, he was appointed Minister of the Ministry of war and served as assistant to the Navy. He resigned in 1891. His strategy and idea of Governing Taiwan was later inherited by the governor's office of Taiwan during the Japanese occupation period. He was a pioneer in promoting Taiwan's modernization construction and was known as the father of Taiwan's westernization movement and the father of Taiwan's modernization. On January 12, 1896, Liu Xinwei died of illness in Lu'an, Anhui Province. As a gift to the crown prince, Taibao, posthumous zhuangsu. His former works include the memorials of Duke Liu Zhuang Su and the poems of daqianshanfang. On April 12, 2011, Liu Mingchuan's remains were buried in his hometown.

Life of the characters

Early experience

Liu Mingchuan was born in September 1836 (July of the 16th year of Daoguang reign of the Qing Dynasty) at Liu Laoxu, at the foot of Daqian mountain in Xixiang (now Feixi County), Hefei. Liu family has been farming for generations. His father Liu Hui has six sons. Liu Mingchuan is the youngest, ranking sixth.

He suffered from smallpox in his childhood and was called "Liu Liu Ma Zi" in the village. When Liu Mingchuan was 11 years old, his father died of illness, and then his eldest brother and three brothers died one after another. The other brothers got married separately, and then lived alone with his mother, the Zhou family. Mother and son depend on each other and live by selling illegal salt. Liu Mingchuan is forthright and gets along well with the local young people.

One day, the Liu family was insulted by the local local tyrant because they could not pay the team's food. Liu Mingchuan warned the local tyrant, "you can't bully the villagers any more, or I will kill you!" When the local tyrant saw that he was a little boy with bare hands, he laughed wildly and said, "do you dare to stop me?" Liu Mingchuan grabbed the local tyrant's sword, cut off the local tyrant's head, ran back to his hometown and cried out, "a local tyrant has been killed by me. If you want to protect your hometown, come with me!" Hundreds of young people in the countryside immediately expressed their support. Liu Mingchuan led these young people to build polder and stockade in the big buried hill and began their league training career.

Lingming Ziying

In February 1862 (the first year of Tongzhi), Li Hongzhang was appointed by Zeng Guofan to recruit Huai army in Hefei. Liu Mingchuan, together with Zhang Shushan, pan Dingxin, Wu Changqing and others, led the regiment training team of the headquarters. Zeng Guofan attached great importance to this group of newly recruited huaiyong. He imitated the Xiang army in the supply of all equipment, grain and rates. He ordered Liu Mingchuan to be the battalion officer of "mingziying". Most of the "Mingzi camp" were Liu's children. Liu Mingchuan had the highest position and seniority in the camp. His key generals were all "Tongli dare to fight" who were accepted by Liu's children and Liu Mingchuan's regiment training. They were absolutely obedient to Liu's command and became an important helper of Liu Mingchuan's starting.

In April, Liu Mingchuan and Zhang Shusheng's "shuziying" and other Huai troops sailed from Anqing to Shanghai for garrison. On May 20, Liu Mingchuan led his troops to fight with the Taiping army for the first time. They successively occupied hangtou and Xinchang, forcing Nanhui city to go down. At this time, Wu Jianying and Liu Yulin, the defending generals of Nanhui Taiping army, wavered and "begged for peace" through the local regiment training head.

Because of Wu Jianying's hesitation, Liu Mingchuan sent his ministry to Liu Yulin to persuade him to surrender. On the other hand, he led his ministry to the city with Pan Dingxin. Liu Yulin took the opportunity to coerce Wu Jianying out of the city to surrender. Wu Jianying was born in Anhui Province, and most of his soldiers were from northern Anhui Province. Liu Mingchuan lured the old and the weak out of the more than 10000 troops of the Wu Taiping Army in Nanhui with his hometown and high official position, and reorganized them into eight battalions, which greatly expanded his strength.

On May 31, Liu led his troops to repel the Taiping army which came from the direction of Chuansha, and the next day he seized Chuansha. For this reason, Liu Mingchuan was promoted to guerrilla and was rewarded with Hualing.

come out victorious in successive battle

After gaining a firm foothold in Shanghai, the Huai army was ordered to enter Southern Jiangsu. Liu Mingchuan, pan Dingxin and Zhang Shushan led 3000 Huaijun troops to Fushan by water. After landing, the arrogant soldiers entered lightly and were defeated in a fierce battle with the Taiping Army in Tongguanshan. Later, Fukuyama was captured with the help of a foreign spear team composed of foreign mercenaries. Liu Mingchuan was promoted to "supplement with the general" and soon became the garrison envoy of Langshan town in Jiangsu Province. Later, Liu led the army to capture Taicang and Kunshan and Jiangyin county together with other Huai troops. Liu Mingchuan was promoted to the title of governor. In December, Liu Mingchuan took the opportunity to launch an attack on the Taiping Army in Wuxi. After a day of street fighting, he captured more than 20000 people under General Huang Zilong and Huang Demao, who were "rewarded by Jiaen" by the Qing government.

In December 1862 (the second year of Tongzhi), Liu Mingchuan was ordered to lead his troops to take part in the battle of encircling Changzhou. Because the Taiping Army in the city "resisted tenaciously and fought for every inch of land", Liu Mingchuan and other Huai troops were beaten back several times and suffered heavy casualties. After more than four months of fierce fighting, they captured the isolated city of Changzhou. After entering the city, Huai army madly slaughtered nearly ten thousand Taiping soldiers under Chen kunshu. Liu Yingong was awarded a yellow mandarin jacket. After the capture of Changzhou and Suzhou, the strength of the Huai army expanded greatly, and Liu Mingchuan's Department became an independent army.

It has left, middle and right armies, 6 battalions in each army, 18 battalions in total, and 1 artillery battalion. In addition to the personal battalion and staff, the Ming Department has more than 9000 people and more than 4000 foreign guns, making it a powerful force in the Huai army.

In July 1863 (the third year of Tongzhi), Hong tianguifu, the son of Hong Xiuquan of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, was escorted to Guangde by Hong Rengan and others. Later, Huang Wenjin, the blocked king, welcomed him to Huzhou and soon returned to Guangde. Liu Mingchuan was ordered to follow up and attack Huzhou and Guangde, killing Huang Wenjin, the king of Taiping. Hong Ren and Hong Tiangui were transferred to Jiangxi Province and were captured and killed successively. Liu Mingchuan was granted the title of governor of Zhili by the Qing government. At the age of 28, Liu Mingchuan stepped up to the highest rank of the Qing army and became the highest ranking general of the Huai army at that time.

Suppress the Nien Army

In 1864 (the fourth year of Tongzhi), Zeng Guofan supervised the division to suppress the Nien army, and Liu Mingchuan ordered his army to go north from Guangde. During the Qing Dynasty, Seng gelinqin and his elite cavalry followed the Nian Army and ran left and right. Ming army adheres to the will of Zeng Guofan and Li Hongzhang, keeps its strength, and stands still in Lu'an and Huoshan. More than 11000 men and horses of senggreeqin were completely annihilated by the Nien army, and senggreeqin was killed. The Qing court was furious at the news, and issued a strict order to punish Zeng Guofan and give Liu Mingchuan the punishment of dismissal and retention. In November, Liu Mingchuan chased the Nian Army, rushed through Zhoujiakou, crossed Shahe River, and encountered Lai Wenguang, Ren Huabang, Niu Luohong and others of the Nian Army at Hongji bridge. With the firepower of the foreign artillery team, the Ming army killed a large number of the Nian Army, and captured Huangpi County in March of the next year. Therefore, Liu Mingchuan was reinstated. In September, Lai Wenguang and Zhang Zongyu of Nien army broke through the Shahe defense line of Zeng Guofan and marched into Zhongmou, Henan Province, which was divided into eastern and Western Nien army. Zeng Guofan's River defense strategy failed and he resigned. The Qing government ordered Li Hongzhang to take over.

Li Hongzhang took the opportunity to expand the Huai army from 40000 to 70000, especially the Ming army's horse camp. Of the more than 7000 horses in the 28 horse camps of the Huai army, more than 3500 of the 13 battalions belonged to the Ming army. Ming army was responsible for the pursuit of the eastern Nien army, which lasted for three years, and finally defeated the eastern Nien army in Wayaopu, Yangzhou. The Qing government awarded Liu Mingchuan the title of third-class light truck captain and gave him white jade handled knives and other items. Liu Mingchuan asked for leave to go back to his hometown to recuperate on the ground that there were too few rewards and he told him that he was unable to ride because of his long work. When the eastern Nien army was in danger, the Western Nien army rushed to Tianjin. In panic, the Qing government urged Liu Mingchuan to lead the army. Liu Mingchuan offered a plan to Li Hongzhang to lead the West Nien army to the long and narrow area between the Yellow River, the canal and the Tuhai River. After the West Nien army was besieged, the Ming army fought a decisive battle with it, which led to the annihilation of the West Nien army. Liu Mingchuan was the first-class male in Jin Dynasty because of his contribution to the Nien army in Pingxi.

Frustrated and idle

Later, he went to Shaanxi and Gansu to cooperate with Zuo Zongtang to suppress the Hui rebellion. After arriving in Shaanxi and Gansu, Liu Mingchuan suffered a relapse of head injury sequelae. In addition, Li Hongzhang failed to recommend him as governor of Shaanxi. He was granted a three-month leave to return home for recuperation on the ground of "brain pain and desire to crack". At this time, the Ming army had 20000 troops, and Liu Mingchuan recommended Cao Kezhong, the governor of Gansu Province. Shortly after Liu's return home, the soldiers of Wuyi right battalion of Ming army mutinied because they did not accept Cao Kezhong's management. Therefore, Liu Mingchuan was dismissed for recommending non-human. Liu Mingchuan was disheartened and even more determined to retire. He built a manor in his hometown and built liulaowei in Xixiang of Hefei and liuxinwei in Mabu of Lu'an.

Protect Keelung Port

During his more than ten years of leisure, Liu Mingchuan's state affairs were declining day by day, and his foreign invasion was becoming more and more serious. In his contacts with some people who were engaged in Westernization affairs and had the idea of reform, his thoughts changed a lot. He often hesitated in the middle of the night and couldn't sleep.

In 1883, the Sino French war broke out. Liu Mingchuan, who had been living in seclusion in the countryside for many years, rose up angrily and was ready to go back to the battlefield to kill the enemy and serve the country. The Qing government appointed him minister of Taiwan affairs to prepare for the anti French war, and soon granted him the title of governor of Fujian and Minister of the Ministry of war.

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Chinese PinYin : Liu Ming Chuan