Mazhi Festival

Mazhi Festival

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Ma Zhijie (955-1019, September 19), Ziyuan, was born in Jixian County, Youzhou. In the early Northern Song Dynasty, he was a famous official and the son of Ma Quanyi, the defense envoy of Jiangzhou.

Ma Zhijie has been lonely since he was young. In the Song Dynasty, Emperor Taizong took yinbu as a sacrificial official and named it Zhijie. During the reign of emperor Zhenzong of the Song Dynasty, he served as a deputy envoy to Shumi. He was tired of being an official, and then went to Zhangde to stay there. He was also deployed in ZhiBei Prefecture. He was upright and well governed, and was deeply loved by the people. In the third year of Tianxi (1019), Ma Zhijie died at the age of 65. His posthumous title was "Zhenghui".

Ma Zhijie has 20 volumes of collected works, which have been lost. There are many works in Quan Song Shi and Quan Song Wen.

Life of the characters

Ma Quanyi, the father of Ma Zhijie, was a famous general from the Five Dynasties to the early Northern Song Dynasty. When Ma Zhijie was eight years old, Ma Quanyi died of illness at the age of 38. As a result, Ma Zhijie was lonely from his childhood until the time of Emperor Taizong of Song Dynasty. Because of his father's kindness, he was granted the title of Zhijie.

When Ma Zhijie was 18 years old, he was ordered to supervise the soldiers in Pengzhou. Because of his strict surveillance of the soldiers, everyone revered him as a veteran. Later, he supervised Tanzhou soldiers. At that time, he Chengju was appointed as a watchman and refined the officials. Ma Zhijie admired he Chengju's work, so he began to read books.

During the reign of emperor Yongxi of Song Dynasty, Ma Zhijie served as the supervisor of Bozhou. In the third year of Yongxi's reign (986), Liao Dynasty invaded on a large scale and defeated the song army in the war of scholar's Academy. Before that, the officials and the people thought that mazhijie had done too much to repair the city, repair the weapons and store grain and grass. Soon, the Liao army arrived, because the Song Dynasty was prepared to avoid it.

Later, he moved to Dingyuan army. The imperial court talked about the transfer of grain and rates to the people in the thirteen prefectures of Henan Province. Fan Zhigu, a transport envoy from Hebei Province, happened to come to Dingyuan army to discuss the matter. Ma Zhijie said: "the army is small and the millet is large. If we remove the rotten corn, we can get six or seven tenths of it." Fan Zhigu agreed. As expected, he obtained 500000 millet and distributed them to the garrison troops, thus saving the labor service in Henan Province. At that time, the people of the headquarters were sent to the security guard to avoid the enemy, and the soldiers stole women's jewelry, but the guards only whipped them away. Ma Zhijie said: "the common people come to avoid foreign invasion, but suffer the disaster of internal invaders. This can be forgiven, so why clean up the enemy?" He was immediately executed. He changed his knowledge of Shenzhou and Qingzhou, and was promoted to Xijing workshop envoy.

Soon, the Mazhi Festival moved to Zizhou. In the fourth year of Chunhua (993), Qingcheng peasants Wang Xiaobo and Li Shun launched a rebellion. Taizong ordered Ma Zhijie and eunuch Wang ji'en to fight together. Wang ji'en acted according to his own intention, disgusted that Ma Zhijie was not dependent on himself, sent him to guard Pengzhou, handed him 300 weak soldiers, and recalled all Pengzhou guards to Chengdu. Ma Zhijie repeatedly asked for more soldiers, but he didn't get permission. Li Shun attacked Pengzhou with more than 100000 people, and Ma Zhijie fought hard. From early morning to dusk, most of the soldiers died. He sighed with emotion: "they died in the hands of thieves, not warriors." He broke out with a spear, and near daybreak, reinforcements came, and cried into the city, so the thieves fled away. After hearing this, Taizong said with a sigh: "I have few thieves, and it's not easy for Ma Zhijie to resist." He was granted the jurisdiction of Yizhou, granted the inspection envoys of Yizhou and Jiuzhou in Han Dynasty, and promoted to Neiyuan envoys. At the same time, Han Jingyou's Ministry Liu Jiao coerced the officers and soldiers to make trouble and successively occupied the prefecture and county, with more than 2000 people. Zhijie led three hundred troops to Shuzhou and fought with them. Liu ran to Qiongzhou. Ma Zhijie said: "if the bandits attack Qiongzhou, they will surely cross the river to force our army. They will fight again after the break. Although the officers and soldiers are twice as many as the bandits, they are also tired of pursuing them. It's better to step up the attack while they are trapped. In this way, they will certainly break it." So we set out. The officers and soldiers stayed in Fangjing town and encountered Liu, killing the thief and no one survived.

In the early years of Xianping (998-1003), he was in charge of the governor of Dengzhou and also known Qinzhou. For more than 24 years, more than 20 people belonging to Qiang chieftains were taken hostage in Qinzhou. Ma Zhijie said, "Qiang people are also people. Don't you want to go home?" Send them all back. The Qiang people were grateful and did not invade the frontier until the end. At that time, there were silver mines in Qinzhou with a long history, but the tax was not abolished, and the officials in charge were bankrupt, which was not enough to repay the tax. Ma Zhijie asked the imperial court to exempt the tax, and only after three memorials was he allowed.

In October of the fourth year of Xianping (1001), Ma Zhijie was promoted to heshanghemen envoy, zhiyizhou envoy and benlu envoy. Since the reign of Qiande, more than ten thousand materials have been transported by water every year. At that time, many people went bankrupt because of the sinking of the boat. Ma Zhijie asked the governor to inspect the water transportation on behalf of him, so that he could examine the water transportation on the spot. From then on, the people of Shu relied on him to avoid the disaster.

Later, Ma Zhijie moved to Yanzhou and stationed in the port. When the enemy arrived just in time for the Lantern Festival, he ordered the lights to be turned on and off, and for several nights of banqueting and joy, but the enemy could not find out the details, so he withdrew. It happened that the political affairs of Cheng dexuan in Zhizhen prefecture were abolished, so emperor Zhenzong of Song Dynasty transferred Ma Zhijie to take over. At that time, the army was at war on the border. Ma Zhijie said, "when the grain came, it was stealing." It is only to be collected at the place where the ships and vehicles go, and the enemy will flee without any gains.

When Zhenzong was in Danyuan, General Wang Chao stationed in Zhending with a large number of troops. When Ma Zhijie was denounced by the documents, Wang chaocai sent out troops on the pretext of no bridge in Zhongdu. Ma Zhijie prepared the materials for crossing the river in advance and finished it in one night. Wang Chao had to lead the army forward.

In the middle of Jingde (1004-1007), he moved to Dingzhou. Soon after, he was appointed as the envoy and privy of the East upper Hemen, and was promoted to the Privy Council.

After the "alliance of Chanyuan" was signed, the world was safe and sound. The minister said that it was auspicious for Rui. But Ma Zhijie often disagreed. He once said, "although the world is stable, we can't forget to fight." I stated that I was still young and could be ordered in five or seven years. If there were policemen in the border areas who were willing to take part in the operation, it would be enough to get a few good horses and a team of light troops from the deputy commander. Zhenzong expressed his affirmation, so he ordered to make steel lock armour and give it to him.

Later official xuanhui North Court envoy, plus and privy Deputy envoy. Ma Zhijie was disgusted with Wang qinruo, a secret envoy. He dared to speak up and never gave in. Every time when he was in court, he learned that if Wang Qin was unfair, he insulted him face to face. At that time, if Wang qinruo was favored by Zhenzong, Ma Zhijie was even more reluctant to curry favor.

In 1014, Ma Zhijie served as the defense envoy of Yingzhou and zhiluzhou.

In the early years of Tianxi (1017-1021), he moved to know Tianxiong army, then called into the court, granted xuanhui South Council envoy and Privy Council Affairs. Because of illness, he asked to be dismissed, and was appointed as the commander of Zhangde army. When he was about to take up his post, Zhenzong pitied him for his weakness and illness and ordered him to return to his home. At that time, the people of Shangdang and Daming had already vied to welcome him.

In the third year of Tianxi (1019), Ma Zhijie died at the age of 65 on August 19. On his deathbed, he asked his family to refuse to be buried. After hearing the news, Zhenzong mourned bitterly and gave it to Shizhong, with the posthumous title of "Zhenghui"; he doubled the money for the funeral and granted four of his descendants as officials.

Main achievements

Ma Zhijie had a lot of military talent and made many contributions in the local area

In addition, his governance ability is also worthy of attention

Character evaluation

General comments

Ma Zhijie was born into the son of a general. He was generous and resourceful. He was also fond of reading. He took Confucian scholars as his guests and friends. All those who made friends with him must have been heroes for a while. He was honest and never scruples. Therefore, those who heard of his integrity also knew that Ma Zhijie was upright. Ma Zhijie was an insightful general. He had been fighting against the enemy in the western border and Hebei for a long time. Not only that, Ma Zhijie also pays attention to national defense construction. After he took the post of Privy Council, facing the situation of whitewashing peace and belittling military equipment after peace negotiation, he repeatedly appealed on various occasions: "although the world is peaceful, we should not forget to fight and go to the army." however, he was ignored by the main political group for a long time and was unable to do anything.

Historical evaluation

Fan Zhongyan: Fu Feng, the Privy secretary, and Ma gongzhi were generous in setting up the court. If there were crimes, there would be no concealment. It was called Zhizhi in the world.

Wang Anshi: first of all, Gong Shao sighs with emotion. He likes to use force and resourcefulness. He is also a good scholar. He is a good friend of Confucianism. He will be a hero for a while. There are 20 volumes in the collection, and its writing is good at argumentation. From the beginning of his official career to the beginning of his official career, he was never afraid of being a Jianjian. Wang Jigong, Ding Jin public affairs, each court to discuss its not straight, often face slander. At the beginning, Zhenzong was very disobedient, but at the end, he knew the public by this, and the world still calls him upright. ② In xunxian, who seals who tree? There is the tomb of song Zhenghui and Ma Gong. When he was Emperor Taizong and Emperor Zhenzong, he began to plan and implement. To win against the strong, to capture the masses with less, to fight against the expensive with low, to maintain the courage of the public. Although expensive, though numerous, although strong, will conquer, Wei Gong's sensitivity, also Wei Gong's straightness. The emperor said, "Zhiya, you are in charge of Liangbi. I just see my country, but I don't know my family. In the ten years of the inner court, the code was in charge of secrets. And to the one heart, Gangji common things. Yuan Gong zongmou, Mo you dare to match. " The duke said, "how dare you be proud? It's Wei Di Ming who slanders you not to use it. " If a scholar is poor, he does not know what he has. If you are proud of your position, you may be upright or ugly. If you are willing to be public, you will get the best of both. If you don't know what's going on, you can't plan. Who is old when virtue is bad? There are Lai later generations, the public longevity test. This poem is written by carving the head of seal. Chen's tunnel is forever.

Zeng Gong: he is a man of unsophisticated nature, brave to speak when he is in trouble, many of whom regard themselves as sages of the time. Ju Chang's strategy is his own When we know the festival, we all come down with power and love, and everything is good. We have too much disease and evil, and we can't do without resentment.

Wu Zeng: during the reign of emperor Zhenzong, he signed a letter to the Privy Council, Ma gongzhijie, a military man, Fang Zhiren and Cheng Ren.

Li Tao: he knew how to be disciplined and learned how to do military affairs. He took charge of his own affairs according to the general plan. It is quite involved in literature and art, and every imperial edict is also a poem. You must be a famous person at that time. In order to govern the country, we should restrain the powerful and show sympathy

Chinese PinYin : Ma Zhi Jie