learned scholar

learned scholar

Yan Zhenqing (709-august 23, 784), a Qing Dynasty official, has a nickname of xianmenzi and a nickname of Yingfang. He was born in jingzhaowannian (now Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province) and his ancestral home is Linyi (now Linyi City, Shandong Province). He was a famous official and calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty. He was a Secretary Supervisor. Yan shigu V was his grandson and situ Yan Gaoqing was his younger brother.

Yan Zhenqing was born in the Yan Family of Langya. In the 22nd year (734) of Kaiyuan reign of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, he became the Jinshi. He successively served as the censor in charge of supervision and the imperial censor in the palace. Later, because of offending Yang Guozhong, an official in power, he was demoted as the governor of Pingyuan, known as "Yan Pingyuan" in the world. During the an Shi rebellion, Yan Zhenqing led the volunteers to fight against the rebels and once recovered Hebei. Later, Fengxiang was awarded the Minister of the constitution. In the Tang Dynasty, he was appointed Duke of Lu County, known as "Duke of Yan Lu". In the first year of Xingyuan (784), Li xilie was sent to tell the traitor that he refused the thief and was hanged. After he was killed, Li Gao, king of Cao, and the soldiers of the three armed forces all cried bitterly for him. His posthumous title is "Wenzhong".

Yan Zhenqing's calligraphy is exquisite, good at line, regular script. After learning Chu suiliang for the first time, he learned his writing skills from Zhang Xu. His regular script is dignified and majestic, and his running script is powerful. He created "Yan style" regular script, which has a great influence on later generations. Together with Zhao Mengfu, Liu Gongquan and Ouyang Xun, they are known as "four masters of regular script". It is also called "Yan Liu" together with Liu Gongquan and is called "Yan Jin Liu Gu". He is also good at poetry and prose, including Yunhai Jingyuan, Liyue Ji, Wuxing Ji, Luling Ji and Linchuan Ji, which are all lost. The Song Dynasty compiled a collection of Yan Lu Gong.

Source of pictures in the overview: < / I > < I > Nanxun hall < / I > < I > old collection of famous officials in Tang Dynasty

Life of the characters

Being an official has a voice

In 709, Yan Zhenqing was born in dunhuafang, Wannian County, Jingzhao Prefecture. The Yan family was originally from Linyi, Langya, but since Yan Zhitui, the fifth ancestor of Yan Zhenqing, the Yan family has moved to Chang'an, Beijing.

Yan Zhenqing lost her father when she was three years old and was educated by her mother, Mrs. Yin. When he grew up, he was knowledgeable, good at writing articles, and very filial to his mother, Mrs. Yin. In July of 721, Yan Zhenqing went south with Mrs. Yin to sojourn with her grandfather in Suzhou. In the 21st year of Kaiyuan (733), he studied in Fushan temple in Chang'an, the capital. In October, I went to the Ministry of officials for an examination.

In February of the 22nd year of Kaiyuan (734), Yan Zhenqing was a member of Jinshi family. In the 24th year of Kaiyuan (736), he was elected by the Ministry of official affairs and served as a scholar.

In the 26th year of Kaiyuan (738), Yan Zhenqing died of illness of Mrs. Yin and went to Luoyang for three years.

In the first year of Tianbao (742), Yan Zhenqing returned to Chang'an and studied literature and CI in Zhongbo. In October, he was appointed the county captain of Liquan. Tianbao five years (746), in March, moved to Chang'an County. According to Yunxi Youyi, Yan Zhenqing once served as the internal historian of Linchuan, and was praised for his "great achievements in culture and politics". After two promotions, he served as the censor and was ordered to inspect Hedong and Longzhou. During the inspection, Zheng yanzuo, the unfilial magistrate of Shuofang County, was impeached and banned from employment for life.

In the eighth year of Tianbao (749), Yan Zhenqing was promoted to the rank of imperial censor in the palace. Disgusted by the Prime Minister Yang Guozhong, he was transferred to the east capital as an interview judge. The next year, he served as the imperial censor again. In the 11th year of Tianbao (752), he was transferred to wailang, a member of the Ministry of military affairs. Because of Yang Guozhong's exclusion, he was transferred from the capital the next year and became the prefect of the plain.

Singing Dashun for the first time

< sub > master data: < / sub >

< sub > An Shi rebellion

Pingyuan county was under the jurisdiction of Anlushan, the Jiedushi of Pinglu, Fanyang and Hedong towns. At that time, the signs of rebellion in Anlushan had been revealed. Under the pretext of continuous rain, Yan Zhenqing secretly raised the city wall, dredged the moat, recruited strong men and stored food and grass. On the surface, he sails a boat and drinks with his guests every day to paralyze Anlu mountain. If an Lushan really thinks that he is a scholar, he is not worried. In the fourteenth year of Tianbao (755), an Lushan started his army in Fanyang on the pretext of "worrying about the danger of the country" and attacking Yang Guozhong under the imperial edict. Most of the counties in Hebei Province were captured by the rebels. Only plain city was well defended. Yan Zhenqing sent his soldiers to join the army, and Li Ping rode to Chang'an to report to Xuanzong. At first, hearing the news of the rebellion in Anlu mountain, Xuan zongchu sighed and said, "is there not a loyal minister in the 24 counties of Hebei?" When Li Ping arrived in Beijing, Xuanzong was overjoyed and said to the officials around him, "I don't know Yan Zhenqing's character. What he did was so outstanding!" At that time, there were 3000 jingsai soldiers in Pingyuan County, and he recruited 10000 more soldiers. He sent a recorder to join the army, and Li Zejiao was the commander. He appointed Diao Wansui, Helin, Xu Hao, Ma Xiangru, Gao kanglang and others as generals to lead the army respectively, and rewarded the soldiers in the prosperous land of the west gate of the city. Yan Zhenqing spoke generously, tears streaming down his eyes, and the whole army was excited. Lu Quancheng, the governor of Raoyang, Li Sui, the governor of Jinan, Wang Huaizhong, the governor of Qinghe, Li muwei, the governor of Jingcheng, and Wang Tao, the governor of Yejun, led the army to attach him. The imperial court ordered Helan Jinming, the governor of Beihai, to lead 5000 elite soldiers across the river to help.

When the rebels captured Luoyang, they sent Duan Ziguang to send the heads of Li Zhen, Lu Yi and Jiang Qing to Hebei for public display. Yan Zhenqing worried that everyone would be afraid and coaxed the generals to say, "I always know Li Zhen and others. These heads are not theirs." So he killed Duan Ziguang and hid his three heads. After a while, they made human bodies out of straw, connected them to the head, and after the funeral, they offered sacrifices and set up a spirit throne to mourn for them. At this time, Yan Gaoqing, Yan Zhenqing's cousin, was appointed as the commander-in-chief of Changshan (< I > today's Hebei < / I > < I > Zhengding < / I >), killed the rebel general Li qincuo and others, cleared the enemy of Tumen, and the 17 counties automatically surrendered to the Imperial Court on the same day, elected Yan Zhenqing as the leader of the alliance, with 200000 troops, cutting off the communication between Yan and Zhao. The imperial court appointed Yan Zhenqing as the Minister of the Ministry of household affairs to assist Hedong Jiedu envoy Li Guangbi to fight against the rebels. Yan Zhenqing appointed Li Hui as his deputy and Li Mi, Jia Zai and Shen Zhen as judges. Before long, he was called Hebei recruitment ambassador by Jiabai.

The prefect of Qinghe sent Li you to ask Yan Zhenqing for help. Li you suggested that Yan Zhenqing connect Qinghe County and make use of his money. Yan Zhenqing then sent 6000 reinforcements and asked Li He for a plan. Li he said, "the imperial court sent Cheng Qianli to command 100000 troops to March eastward from Taihang Mountain. They are ready to go out of the mountain and limit the advance of the rebels. If you attack Wei County, kill yuan Zhitai, the rebel general, and use your elite troops to attack shanguo. The army of the Imperial Court went out of shanguo to attack Yecheng and Youling, and 100000 troops from Pingyuan and Qinghe counties attacked Luoyang, dividing the elite troops to control the main points. If you insist on not fighting with the enemy for no more than a few days, the traitor will surely be defeated and will kill each other. " Yan Zhenqing agreed to send a message to Qinghe and other counties, and sent General Li Zejiao, deputy generals fan Dongfu, Helin and Xu Hao to garrison in Tangyi with 5000 troops of Qinghe and Boping counties. Yuan Zhitai sent Bai Sishen and Yi shumeng to lead 20000 soldiers to fight. The rebels were defeated and more than 10000 heads were killed. Yuan Zhitai was defeated and fled to Jijun.

The rebel general Shi Siming besieged Raoyang and sent his troops to cut off the rescuers of Pingyuan county. Worried that he would not be defeated by the rebels, Yan Zhenqing wrote a letter to ask he LAN to come with him and promised to give him the job of recruiting envoys from Hebei. He lanjinming's defeat in Xindu coincided with the uprising of Pinglu General Liu Zhengchen according to Yuyang. Yan Zhenqing wanted to strengthen his confidence, sent Jia Zai across the sea to send more than 100000 military expenses, and took his 10-year-old son Yan Po as a hostage. They insisted on leaving Yan Po, but Yan Zhenqing didn't listen.

At this time, Prince Li Heng (< I > Tang suzong < / I >) had ascended the throne in Lingwu. Yan Zhenqing sent envoys many times to report military and political affairs to Li Heng with letters sealed with wax balls. Li Heng appointed him as Minister of the Ministry of industry and censor doctor, and returned to Hebei to recruit envoys. At that time, the military expenditure was difficult. Li Yu advised Yan Zhenqing to collect salt resources from Jingcheng, so that the counties could help each other and ensure the supply of military expenditure. Di Wuqi, a financial planner, later followed suit and enriched the military.

Revitalizing Dynasty discipline

Shi Siming and Yin Ziqi, the Chengxu faction in Anlu mountain, attacked the Hebei area, and all the counties fell again. Only Pingyuan County, Boping county and Qinghe County defended solidly. But people are in a panic and can't be inspired any more. After discussing with the public, Yan Zhenqing gave up Pingyuan county and crossed the Yellow River in October of Zhide Yuanzai (756) and went to Fengxiang to meet Li Heng. Li Heng appointed him minister of the constitutional department and transferred him to the position of imperial historian. At this time, the court was in a state of chaos, but Yan Zhenqing still managed affairs according to the law as usual. Cui Yi, Minister of the Ministry of military affairs, and Li Heji, a counsellor, were impeached and demoted by him.

Li Chu, the king of Guangping (< I > changed his name later < / I > < I > Li Yu < / I > < I >, Emperor Zong of Tang Dynasty < / I >) led 200000 troops to recover Chang'an. On the day of his departure, he did not dare to mount the horse in front of the palace gate, but quickly walked out of the fence. Guan chongsi, the Marquis of Yu in the Royal Palace, got on the horse before Li Chu, and Yan Zhenqing impeached him. Li Heng returned his memorial and said, "every time my son goes out, I earnestly educate him, so I dare not be impolite. Guan chongsi is old and lame. Please forgive him for a while All the officials were serious about the ceremony.

After the recovery of Chang'an, Li Heng sent Li, the left chief physician, to sacrifice to the ancestral temple and sign his name "Si emperor" on the congratulatory speech. Yan Zhenqing said to Cui Qi, the ceremonial envoy, "the supreme emperor is still in Sichuan. Is that ok?" Cui Qi immediately reported the change to Li Heng, who appreciated Yan Zhenqing's talent. Yan Zhenqing also suggested that an altar should be built in the suburbs of Chang'an, and Li Heng should cry to the East, and then send a ceremonial envoy. Li Heng did not adopt this suggestion. Disgusted with Yan Zhenqing's advice, the prime minister transferred him out of Beijing to be Feng Yi's prefect. He was appointed governor of Puzhou and was granted the title of son of Danyang county. He was framed by Tang Min, the censor, and was demoted to be the governor of Raozhou.

In 759, Yan Zhenqing was appointed governor of Western Zhejiang. Liu Zhan, deputy envoy of Huaixi Jiedu

Chinese PinYin : Yan Zhen Qing