Liu Shuping

Liu Shuping

Liu Shuping (1857-1917), the word Baoliang, No. Yuxi. Wujin County, Jiangsu Province (now Wujin District, Changzhou City). In the 16th year of Guangxu (1890), Geng yinen was the third class Jinshi. In May of the same year, he was changed into a scholar of Imperial Academy. In May of the 18th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu, he scattered the library and gave the Imperial Academy a review. After the Sino Japanese War of 1894-1895, he advocated educational reform. Transferred to Anhui Province and founded Wannan middle school. Soon, acting Nanyang public school supervision. In the winter of the 28th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty, Liu became the premier of Nanyang public school after the ink bottle incident. According to Sheng Xuanhuai's instruction and his own experience in running a school, he published the ten rules for rectifying schools. At the same time, he changed the prison to the head of the school, and set up supervisors and inspectors under him, which strengthened the management of students. In the 29th year of Guangxu (1903), he was recommended by Sheng Xuanhuai as the general manager of the south section of Jinpu railway. After the Republic of China, he lived in seclusion. He died in 1917. Gongshi.

Character experience

When he was young, he had a literary name. He won the first place in the county examination at the beginning of his life. Together with his brother Liu Keyi and brother Liu Huan, he was called "three Liu" in Changzhou. Liu Shuping's family is very poor. He once set up an account in the village to teach apprentices. He talked about self-sufficiency and had many apprentices. In 1885, he was praised by Huang tifang, an envoy of Jiangsu Province. He was promoted to Gongsheng and sent to Guozijian in the capital to study. In 1890, he became a Jinshi, and later was awarded the title of shujishi of Hanlin academy, review of Hanlin academy and compilation of national history museum. Liu Shuping and Cai Yuanpei were colleagues of Gongshi and Hanlin Academy in the same year. During his tenure in the Hanlin academy, in order to read western books and absorb new knowledge, Cai Yuanpei, Liu Shuping, Tang Wenzhi, Wang Shuheng and others formed a Japanese learning class in Jiangning test hall of Yangyue Hutong in Beijing. They invited Tao Dajun from Shaoxing and Mao Wen from Noguchi from Japan to teach Japanese. Most of the members of the Japanese learning class later became leading figures in China's educational innovation. Liu Shuping had an indissoluble bond with education all his life. He was known as "the first person advocating new learning in Changzhou". Like Cai Yuanpei and many other insightful people, he did not miss the rich treatment and bright future of the Imperial Academy. Instead, he turned his worried eyes to a country with deep internal worries and frequent foreign invasion. He resolutely went south to set up education and tried to save this dying nation with the power of Educational Technology. He actively traveled in Jiangsu, Shanghai and Anhui, and his school running experience covered almost all kinds of schools, such as primary schools, middle schools and even universities. He became the pioneer of modern Chinese education. After the Sino Japanese War of 1894-1895, "in view of the rhyme and rhyme of the couplet, the study is not useful, and I have the thought of reform" (edited by Zhang Weixiang: biographies of famous people in piling in the Qing Dynasty, Volume 9, Changzhou fellow townsmen Association in Shanghai, 1944 Edition). He returned to Changzhou from the capital and was determined to reform the old school. In 1896, he, together with local gentry Yun Zuqi and Liu Baoliang, changed the Longcheng Academy of kuqian Street (now Changzhou kuqian Street Primary School) into Changzhou Zhiyong jingshe. Hua Hengfang, a modern mathematician, was employed as the head of the school to offer such courses as arithmetic, geography, current affairs, and game theory. We set up a study society to translate various books on science and technology, and purchased books such as "Mei's series", "continuation of the original geometry" and "mathematical essence" translated and published by Gezhi Academy of Shanghai manufacturing Bureau for teaching. As a result, the school became the first school in Changzhou to carry out new education, sucking a group of aspiring young people to study in the school. For example, Jiang Weiqiao, who later became an educator, Tang Aili, deputy director of the Ministry of education of the Beiyang government, Xie Yinchang, director of the Education Department of Fengtian province, were the first students to come here to receive new education. In 1902, Liu Shuping and Yun Zuqi reorganized Changzhou Zhiyong jingshe into Wuyang public second-class primary school to teach new learning, which was the earliest new public primary school in Changzhou. At the end of 1900, Chengzhong Meng school (the predecessor of Chengzhong high school in Shanghai) donated by Ye Chengzhong, an industrialist, was about to be completed. Zhao Fengchang, a native of Changzhou, was entrusted by fan Shixun, the school manager, and recommended Liu Shuping, a good friend from his hometown, as the premier (principal). In the first month of 1901, Liu Shuping, who was keen on education, took office happily. However, the establishment of the new school had not been made clear by imperial edict before, and there was no precedent to follow. There is a piece of white paper in front of him, which needs him to draw a blueprint for new education. This requires courage, but also wisdom and insight. Liu Shuping and the school managers immediately planned all kinds of work for the beginning of the school. In his birthday congratulation for fan Shixun, the school manager, Liu Shuping recalled: "from Yujian pass to Shanghai, the Ye family recommended Fan Jun to be the principal of elementary school. When the school was not finished, he tried to discuss with Fan Jun about the location of the school room, the arrangement of books, the method of education, and the limit of study. It's a matter of days. " (Liu Shuping: preface to the 60th birthday of fan gongjunfang, Volume IV of fan's genealogy in Jiaochuan, 1911 stone print, Shanghai Library Collection) Liu Shuping creatively formulated the constitution of Chengzhong Mongolian school, established the educational system, curriculum, rules and regulations of Chengzhong Mongolian school, defined the responsibilities and requirements of different personnel, such as teachers, managers, supervisors and students, and emphasized teaching and training“ It is in line with the modern people-oriented education concept that "the first thing is to develop the spirit", "even if the quality is not uniform, it is also appropriate to be good at persuasion, and do not have to be bound by things, so as to stifle the spirit". In order to solve the urgent shortage of teaching materials, Liu Shuping specially set up "compilation room" and "Chengzhong printing company" to organize teachers to compile and print new teaching materials. Under this background, Zi Ke Tu Shuo came into being. Liu Shuping made use of his geographical contacts to recruit talented teachers and organized a capable and powerful compilation team, which included not only the erudite "suxue Tongru" such as Cai Yuanpei and Zhang Zhen, but also the outstanding young newcomers such as Shen Yi, Yan Baocheng, Xia Qingyi and Yao Minghui. The compilation of Zi Ke Tu Shuo is in the charge of Zhang Xu, the chief educator. Cai Yuanpei is in charge of the main examination and approval of the book. Tang Tuo, the Wujin calligrapher, writes the textbook. Wu Zicheng, Wu County, specializes in drawing. Liu Shuping personally presided over the planning, determined the writing style, and wrote the general rules. In Fanli, Liu Shuping expounds the compilation purpose, the principle of selecting words, the division of parts of speech, the arrangement style and the teaching method of this book, and emphasizes that "the book is specially written for the elementary school, so the words are still shallow, and all the profound meanings are not enough." for difficult words, it is not particularly difficult to explain, and it is afraid to stifle their spirit. ". In the process of writing, Liu Shuping asked teachers to combine children's psychological characteristics, abandon the profound and difficult traditional content of elementary education, learn from the lively form of Western textbooks, and strive to be easy to understand and inclusive. The book selected a total of 3291 words, which was "popular in the secular world and used to be seen by letters". It not only helped children to read with pictures and texts, but also absorbed the achievements of modern scientific and technological civilization and popularized scientific and technological knowledge for children. It can be said that from the beginning to the end, it was compiled under the guidance of Liu Shuping's organizational planning and thought. Since then, the school-based textbooks such as the textbook of primary school history, the latest geometric drawing textbook, Chengzhong school Gezhi textbook, Putong Chinese textbook (six volumes) and new foreign Geography (four volumes) compiled and printed by Chengzhong Meng school have come out one after another, which have a great influence. It is also recorded in the draft of Qing Dynasty history that Chengzhong Meng school "made Zi Ke Tu Shuo, self-cultivation and local books, which were used by schools as good books". Liu Shuping personally wrote the completion of chengzhongmeng school, which details the origin and scale of the school's construction, illustrates the responsibility and way of being a teacher, and encourages the students to "work hard with each other, so as not to fall short of your expectations". This article was written by Zhang Jian, the number one scholar in the late Qing Dynasty. It is engraved into a stele and is now erected in the stele Gallery of Chengzhong senior high school. Chengzhong Meng school is the first class teaching school founded by Chinese people. As the first president, Liu Shuping and his colleagues pioneered the trend of the times, established a relatively perfect modern school education system, opened a complete range of subjects, integrated the concept of western education into the school's teaching management, and laid the foundation of Chengzhong century famous school, It also provides the best sample for the promulgation and implementation of "renyin education system" and "guimao education system" of the Qing government in the future. Its influence in the history of modern Chinese education can not be ignored. In December 1902, at the invitation of Sheng Xuanhuai, the governor of Nanyang University, Liu Shuping became the premier (president) of Nanyang University. Liu Shuping and Sheng Xuanhuai are close friends from the same hometown, and they have a close relationship. Liu Shuping's coming to this post has some "fire fighting" meaning. Before that, the "ink bottle incident" occurred in Nanyang public school. In order to protest against the autocratic behavior of Premier Wang fengzao's forcibly expelling students, more than 200 students left school in anger. At the beginning of Liu Shuping's term of office, according to Sheng Xuanhuai's instructions, he promulgated "Ten Rules for rectifying schools" to strengthen the management of students and rectify the teaching order. Based on his years of experience in running a school, he reformed the school's management system, increased the number of staff members, specialized in educational affairs and administrative work, and changed the prison to the head of the school, under which there were supervisors and inspectors. The main responsibilities of the warden are to investigate the students' conduct, manage the dormitory, and audit the work of the supervisor and inspector. After several painstaking renovations, the school's work tends to be stable, so Liu Shuping is highly valued by Sheng Xuanhuai. In the spring of 1903, Liu Shuping stepped down as the premier of Nanyang public school. As an alternate Taoist, he went to Anhui Province to act as an agent for Huining, Chiguang, taibing, Beidao and Wuhu customs. After that, he still kept close contact with Nanyang public school. At the request of Sheng Xuanhuai, he visited the business school in Japan in September 1904 to provide useful reference for Nanyang public school. Liu Shuping visited and investigated the business schools in Tokyo, Kyoto, Kobe, Yokohama, Osaka, Nagasaki and other cities in Japan for more than two months. In his letter to Sheng Xuanhuai, Liu Shuping described his impressions of his trip to Japan: "from Maguan to Kobe along the inland sea, and from Kobe to Tokyo by car, the scenery is so beautiful that people can't cope with it. There are reasons for the prosperity of this country

Chinese PinYin : Liu Shu Ping