Liu Dan

Liu Dan

Liu Dan? (80 years ago), whose name is unknown, was born in Peixian County, Xuzhou (now Peixian County, Jiangsu Province). Liu Xu, the third son of Liu Che, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, is the Minister of the imperial family of the Western Han Dynasty. His mother is Li Ji, and his mother is Liu Xu, the king of Guangling.

In the sixth year of Yuanshou (117 BC), he was granted the title of King Yan. In the second year of Zhenghe (91 BC), with the disaster of witchcraft and the defeat of the crown prince, Liu Ju, and his suicide, he had the idea of coveting the east palace. In the first year of the later Yuan Dynasty (88 BC), when Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was seriously ill, he wrote a letter asking him to stay in the garrison. He was reprimanded and reduced the fiefs of the three counties. Liu Fuling, Emperor Zhao of the Han Dynasty, was not satisfied when he ascended the throne. He colluded with Liu Chang, Liu Ze and other clansmen to plot a rebellion, spread the rumor that "emperor Zhao of the Han Dynasty was not born of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty", and attempted to assassinate Shi Jun of Qingzhou. He was forgiven by Emperor Zhao of the Han Dynasty.

In the seventh year of the first Yuan Dynasty (80 BC), he colluded with the princesses of the first city of Hubei, the father and son of Shangguan Jie, sang Hongyang and other ministers to plot a rebellion. After the incident was exposed, he was reprimanded by Emperor Zhao of the Han Dynasty and committed suicide at home. His posthumous title was Li.

Life of the characters

Canonize the king of Yan

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty had six sons. Liu Dan was the third son. His mother Li Ji also had Liu Xu, king of Guangling. In April of the sixth year of Yuanshou (117 BC), Emperor Wu canonized Liu Dan as king of Yan, the capital of Ji. Yan is located in the northern part of the Western Han Dynasty, close to the Xiongnu. The land is poor and the folk customs are fierce. Emperor Wu issued an imperial edict to Liu Dan to encourage him to guard the border, which became the auxiliary fence of the Han Dynasty.

The system of prefectures and states in the period of Emperor Wu was different from that in the early Han Dynasty. After the multiple attacks of the policy of cutting vassals, the rebellion of the seven kingdoms and the order of Tuen en, the princes and kings no longer had much power over the feudal state. Moreover, the inheritance of the Han Dynasty's throne followed the Zhou system, and Liu Dan, as the third son, did not expect to be a great treasure, so he was content to be a vassal and focused on all kinds of knowledge, He is good at ephemeris, numerology, advocating excellence and shooting. As an adult, the king of Yan was "eloquent and resourceful" and liked to recruit Knight errants.

Introduce yourself to the crown prince

In the first year of Yuanfeng (110 BC), Liu Hong, the second son of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, died.

In the second year of Zhenghe (91 BC), the famous evil of witchcraft and witchcraft happened. The crown prince, Liu Ju, was defeated and committed suicide because he was framed and could not self-evident. After learning the news of his elder brother's death, Liu Dan thought that he was the oldest of the remaining sons of Emperor Wu. He ranked them in order, and the position of the crown prince must belong to him. However, Emperor Wu had no intention of establishing another crown prince.

In the first year of the second Yuan Dynasty (88 BC), Emperor Wu was old and seriously ill. Liu Dan sent messengers to Chang'an and wrote a letter to Emperor Wu, asking him to stay in Chang'an for safety. Emperor Wu was so angry that he beheaded the emissary. Then he cut off the three counties and cities of the state for punishment on the charge of "hiding the outlaws and violating the laws of the Han Dynasty". Emperor Wu sighed that "the birth of a son should be in the land of Qilu to influence its propriety and righteousness; in the land of Yan and Zhao, the heart of fighting for power" was born. He hated Liu Dan and turned his youngest son, Liu Fuling, into the crown prince.

The first rebellion

Pry into the affairs of the court

In February of the second year of the Houyuan Dynasty (87 BC), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty died of illness in wuzha Palace on his way on a tour. Prince Liu Fuling ascended the throne as emperor Zhao of the Han Dynasty. After the new emperor succeeded to the throne, he gave the princes of all countries a seal to announce the funeral of the former Emperor and the change of the throne. When the seal arrived in the state of Yan, Liu Dan felt that the seal on the book inspection was smaller than before, and refused to mourn. He said to the ministers of the state of Yan, "this time the specification of the seal is smaller than before. I'm afraid something happened in Chang'an." Then he sent his close ministers Shou Xichang, sun Zongzhi and Wang Ru to Chang'an to inquire about the news of the court in the name of the funeral.

When Yan and his party came to Chang'an, they met zhijinwu Guo Guangyi and asked why Emperor Wu died, who was the new emperor and how old he was. Guo Guangyi replied: when the former emperor died, the new emperor was supported by all the generals. He was about eight or nine years old. When the former Emperor was buried, he did not come out to express his condolence. Wang Ru and others want to ask Princess Gai for details, but the princess has been called to live in the palace and can't meet. She has to return to the state of Yan and return Guo Guangyi's words to Liu Dan.

Conspiracy to usurp power

After hearing this, Liu Dan suspected that the new emperor's accession to the throne was the result of the manipulation of the ministers of the central court. He sent the senior officials of the central court to Chang'an to write a letter, asking for the establishment of Emperor Wu's ancestral temple in each prefecture. When Huo Guang saw the book, he didn't agree with Liu Dan's request, but he gave him 30 million yuan and added 13, 000 families. This result made Liu Dan angry: "I should have been called emperor, what else do I need from others?" So he secretly colluded with Liu Chang, the son of King AI of Zhongshan, and Liu Ze, the grandson of King Xiao of Qi, to plot a rebellion.

Liu Dan falsely claimed that he had accepted the imperial edict at the time of Emperor Wu, and could take charge of local administration, repair military equipment, and prevent the occurrence of extraordinary events, so as to take this as his reason for recruiting troops. Later, Liu Dan called his officials to inquire about the "strategy of governing the country". Cheng Fu, the doctor, suggested that Liu Dan should take the initiative to claim his due position instead of enjoying his success. He also believed that as long as the king of Yan set up an army, the officials, people and even women of the state of Yan would follow the king. Liu Dan said: "once upon a time, empress Lu cheated and made Liu Hong, the son of emperor Hui, Emperor. The princes and kings served him for eight years. Later, when empress dowager Lu died, the ministers killed all the kings of the Lu family and established Emperor Xiaowen of the Han Dynasty. Only people in the world knew that Liu Hong was not the real son of emperor Xiaohui. As the eldest son of Emperor Wu, I failed to become emperor. My proposal to establish a temple for Emperor Wu was not accepted. I doubt that the emperor who is now established is a member of the Liu family. " Liu Dan immediately schemed with Liu Ze and others, claiming that emperor Zhao was not the son of Emperor Wu, but the "pseudo emperor" established by the treacherous and sycophantic officials, and that people in the world would rise to fight against him. And sent people to spread to the counties, in order to shake the people's hearing and hearing.

I'll be pardoned

After making good public opinion, Liu Dan recruited outlaws from all over the country to serve as soldiers, gathered copper and iron from the people, made weapons, and went out to practice in person from time to time. He also enlisted the people to set up paddocks for large-scale hunting in Wen'an County, so as to teach about the military affairs and wait for the day of the incident. At this time, Liu Dan seemed to regard himself as the future emperor, and used the emperor's guard of honor in and out of the palace. All his near ministers were called "Shizhong" < I > (emperor's servant) < / I >. The doctor Han Yi and others remonstrated many times, but Liu Dan was very angry, so he killed 15 people including Han Yi.

In August of the first year of the first Yuan Dynasty (86 BC), Liu Ze returned to Linzi, the capital of the state of Qi, intending to murder the governor of Qingzhou. It hasn't happened yet. Liu Cheng learns about it and informs Jun Bujue. Jun no doubt took advantage of his unprepared, and dispatched officials to capture Liu Ze and his party members and report to the imperial court. Emperor Zhao of the Han Dynasty ordered a department to investigate this matter, implicating the king of Yan and punishing him according to the law. Emperor Zhao thought of the kindness of the flesh and blood, and issued an edict not to punish the king of Yan, but to bring Liu Ze and others to justice.

Revolt again

After emperor Zhao ascended the throne, Huo Guang was granted the title of grand Sima and grand general, Jin RIYUAN was the general of chariots and cavalry, Shangguan Jie was the general of Zuo, and together with Prime Minister Tian Qianqiu and imperial censor sang Hongyang, they assisted the administration. They also issued an imperial edict to honor Princess Eyi as the eldest princess and live in the palace to protect emperor Zhao. In the fourth year of the first Yuan Dynasty (83 BC), Liu Dan's elder sister, Princess Eyi, and general Zuo Shangguan Jie and his son had a feud with Huo Guang because of their struggle for power. Knowing that Liu Dan hated Huo Guang, they secretly made friends with the state of Yan. Liu Dan also sent more than ten groups of people to carry a large number of gold, silver and jewelry, bribe Princess gaichang, in order to support them to seize the throne.

In the sixth year of the first Yuan Dynasty (81 BC), Shangguan Jie and others listed Huo Guang's faults and plotted Liu Dan to inform emperor Zhao against Huo Guang. When Liu Dan got the book, he was very happy. He immediately went to Emperor shuzhao and lied that "Huo Guang mobilized his troops without permission, intending to rebel", and proposed to stay in the imperial court to prevent the treacherous officials from going into trouble. The memorial was submitted by Shangguan Jie, but it was discovered by Emperor Zhao, who was only 14 years old. Therefore, Emperor Zhao became closer to Huo Guang and alienated Shangguan school.

After the plot of Shangguan Jie and others was exposed, they were ready to launch an armed coup. They plan to invite Huo Guang to a banquet by the princess, and order the soldiers in ambush to kill Huo Guang, abolish emperor Zhao of Han Dynasty, and welcome Liu Dan as emperor. After Liu Dan got the letter, he immediately arranged for special personnel to communicate with each other to pass on information, promised to split the soil and seal the king after the success of Shangguan Jie, and contacted thousands of "Heroes" all over the country. Soon, the princess wrote to Liu Dan, telling him that Wang Mang, the right general, was dead and that the prime minister was ill. Liu Dan was overjoyed to see the letter. He assigned the ministers to pack up and prepare to go to the palace as emperor.

Self accusation

In September of the first year of Yuanfeng (80 BC), Yancang, the rice field emissary under the princess Eyi, knew about the plot of Shangguan Jie and others, and reported it to Yang Chang, the chief minister of agriculture. However, Yang Chang was always cautious and didn't report it. He just pretended to be ill and stayed at home. Yancang told Du Yannian, the remonstrant doctor, about the incident. Du Yannian made a report to the court, so the imperial court took charge of the armed coup plan of Shangguan Jie and others. Che Qianqiu, the prime minister, issued a seal. In the deployment, two thousand stone officials chased sun Zongzhi and left general Shangguan Jie and others, all of them were executed.

When Liu Dan learned that general Zuo Shangguan Jie and others had been killed and his rebellion was exposed, he discussed with the Prime Minister of the state of Yan whether to send troops. The prime minister thought that Shangguan Jie was dead, and the people knew that they could not fight.

Soon after, the Han court issued an amnesty order to pardon all the officials and people of Yan state, but Liu Dan was not pardoned. Liu Dan is ready to commit suicide. His relatives think that if the imperial court cuts off the feudal state and abolishes Wang Jue, they can still save their lives. The concubines of the king of Yan also cried and stopped him, so Liu Dan didn't want to die. Emperor Zhao also sent special envoys to deliver the seal, denouncing Liu Dan for "plotting against the country with a different family name, rebellious and devoid of loyalty and love.". If the ancients knew what they should look like when they would return to the temple of emperor Gaozu! " Liu Dan learned from the book that he hanged himself with a ribbon. In the 38th year of the throne, Liu Dan, the king of Yan, was posthumously named ciwang.

Character evaluation

Ban Gu: "Liu Dan's eloquence, erudition of scriptures and anecdotes, good astrology, numerology, advocacy of excellence, and shooting attracted tourists."

Li Shimin: "the martial arts of the former Han Dynasty

Chinese PinYin : Liu Dan