Feng ban

Feng ban

Feng ban, born in 1602, died in 1671. The word Dingyuan, the late name dunyin old man. He was born in Changshu, Jiangsu Province. At the end of Ming Dynasty, all the students studied poetry from Qian Qianyi. When they were young, they were as famous as their elder brother Feng Shu, and they were called "Hai Yu Er Feng". When he was not an official in the Qing Dynasty, he often sat down and wept, calling him "Er Chi". Feng ban is an important figure in Yushan School of poetry. He emphasizes "no words, no origin" in poetry and opposes Yan Yu's "Canglang poetry". There are "collection of dunyin", "miscellaneous records of dunyin", "Book Essentials of dunyin" and "manuscript of dunyin poems".

Character experience

Feng ban, born in 1614, is the younger brother of Feng Shu, a famous writer at the turn of Ming and Qing Dynasties. When he was young, he was as intelligent as his elder brother. He was called "Haiyu Erfeng". But as he grew up, his brothers parted ways. Feng Shu soon passed the imperial examination and embarked on his official career. At the same time, Feng ban, who studied arts and studied assiduously, gave up the imperial examination and concentrated on his studies. He is brilliant, elegant and argumentative. Sometimes he is very arrogant and does not want to associate with the secular world. If there is a big difference in opinion, he often turns around and leaves without even saying hello, which often embarrasses others. Feng ban studied very hard. He often sat alone and thought hard. As soon as he got something, he liked to sing it in a high and slow tone. His voice was high and slow, and it seemed that he couldn't make it. So he called himself "dunyin monk".

Feng ban was very unhappy in his life. He was miserable, but he was resolute and didn't want to bend down. As a result, he is full of talent and learning and has no place to show it. Whenever friends get together, he often raises a glass to drink, and then wails as if there were no one else in the room. Sometimes, when the guests get together and sit in a large audience, Feng ban feels bored or depressed, and often "sits and wails.". People think that he is crazy, and because Feng ban ranks second, he is called "Er Chi". After entering the Qing Dynasty, Feng ban gave up his studies and taught his disciples in the village.

Feng ban had a high literary attainments, especially in his poems. He did not like the style of Jiangxi poetry school, so when he commented on caidiaoji with his brother Feng Shu, he strongly criticized him. He himself highly praised Kun style and devoted himself to ancient learning. He was very dissatisfied with the drawbacks of being empty and flashy since the Ming Dynasty and the phenomenon of showing off the world with novelty and strangeness. Therefore, he was very solid in his academic work. He did not believe in it and never underestimated the next word. It is not the embarrassment of being at the end of one's talent that he is dull and steady. Once, when he and his son Feng Wu were giving a lecture, he saw that his son was watching Shaowei Tongjian, and said to his son, "the success and failure of the past people's affairs have already been seen, and the gains and losses are obvious, so there is no need to turn the case over. For this reason, they are only good at making comments, seeking to avoid the ridicule of the ear. They should be good at judging the situation, and should not blindly use sincere language to judge the predecessors.". We should deeply expose those who are opportunistic, who are particular at finding fault in the written works of the ancients, and who seek fame and reputation. It's not that we can't comment on the works of our predecessors, but it's just that we can't defend ourselves by bullying him. Even today, this idea has its practical significance.

Feng Ban's tomb is at the foot of Yushan Mountain, in front of Zhongyong's tomb road and behind Yuanjing Daotang. It was once designated as a provincial cultural relics protection unit. At present, there is only one stone square named "gaoshanyangzhi".

Personal achievement

Literary ideas

Feng ban, a disciple of Qian Qianyi, is known as one of the successors of Yushan School of poetry. On poetry, he opposed the theory of "Miaowu" in Canglang Shihua written by Yan Yu of Song Dynasty, and thought that "it is specious, which is the most perplexing" (correcting Yan's fallacy). He advocated that "poetry should be based on moral temperament", but in the end, it comes down to gentleness. He also advocated learning from the ancients. "Those who are not good at learning from the ancients don't talk about the beauty of the ancients, but seek the tone and temperament of the ancients. It's not known whether they seem to be similar or not. If they are similar, for example, even the cudgu has only an image ear" (preface to stopping clouds on Ma Xiaoshan). He advocated "the Ci of concealment and beauty", "the hermit is interested outside the image, the words are exhausted but the meaning is not exhausted; the Xiu is the CI forced out of the chapter, and the image is vivid" (dunyin zalu). His views on poetry have a great influence on Zhao Zhixin who is against the theory of verve. In his later years, he called Feng ban "Biyun immortal master" in his book "Biyun immortal master's handwriting record". It is also because of the different taste of literature that the dispute between Wang Shizhen and Zhao Zhixin in poetics is caused. Zhao Zhixin's "talk about dragon" criticizes Wang Shizhen's "theory of verve", which makes the dispute become a major case of poetics in the early Qing Dynasty and has a far-reaching impact on the Poetics of the whole Qing Dynasty. It is not difficult to see the importance of Feng Ban's dunyin zalu in the study of Qing Dynasty poetics. Among Feng Ban's works, dunyin zalu has the most editions and is included in Siku Quanshu.

Characteristics of poetry

Feng ban wrote poems in the late Tang Dynasty, especially in Li Shangyin. Some of his poems are sad and confusing, and have a certain depth of content, such as Miscellaneous Poems: "recite the book of mourning for you, chant the poem of mourning for you. Who knows when you are a hundred years old. "After the army by the county Qimen, the old man abandoned the garden feeling": "birds disorderly crow, Yan does not return, Quchi flat after plunder into ashes What's the limit of hatred when the river is flooded? There's more sorrow for the maple and Song Yu. " Another example is "under the tomb of LIN Gui Bo" and "Jiangnan Qu", all of which express the thought of homeland. Qian Qianyi called Feng Ban's Poems "Shen Han Six Dynasties, in and out of Yishan, Muzhi, Tingyun.".

Good at calligraphy

Feng ban was also very proficient in calligraphy. He was very good at the four characters of zhengcaoli and Zhuan, especially the small regular script. However, Feng Ban's own writing had no definite place. He often asked for the paper and pen, wrote at random, or wrote at the head of the book or at the corner of the paper. This made it very difficult for him to search for his works after his death. Thanks to others' cherishing of Feng Ban's ink, Feng Wu was able to gather his arms to form a Qiu and a collection. Because his father was named "dunyin Jushi", he was entitled "dunyin zalu". Because of the aggregation, it often appears fragmented and unsystematic, but on the whole, it still reflects Feng Ban's academic views and ideological style.

Collection of books

His brothers Feng Shu and Feng Zhishi are well-known for their collection of books. When he was young, he was keen on fame, but after a long time, he devoted himself to reading, specializing in poetry and prose. He was especially good at calligraphy. He was proficient in four styles, especially in regular script, and also loved collecting books. He once got some books from Yang Yi, a calligrapher in Tongyi of Ming Dynasty, and commented that "ordinary people don't read many books, so they can change the ancient books with their own ideas, and they can't get the books in wanjuan Lou. The manuscripts of henghuang Xinlun, wanjuan Lou's old collection, Song Dynasty's engraved edition of "kuitanlu", Qihui Shanfang's manuscripts of "zhidunji" and "Li Yishan's poetry collection" are favored by the book collectors since the Qing Dynasty. In order to copy the song edition, he brought his own dry food with he Dacheng, Feng Shu and others on the snowy day in the cold winter. He borrowed the song edition Yutai Xinyong to copy it day and night in the Xiaowan Hall of Zhao Huanguang in Hanshan, and made a copy of it. I'm happy when I'm down. I feel something occasionally. I sing loudly as if there is no one else. Because it ranks second, it has the purpose of "two infatuation". The collection is printed with "Dingyuan", "Chenban", "Erchi" and "Shangdang Feng's private seal". The three brothers of the Feng family are also famous for their calligraphy, which is called "Feng Chao". Some of his manuscripts are engraved with the words "Kong Ju Ge Zang" in the center of the edition and "Feng Shi Zang Ben" outside the column. In the history of typology, it is also known as one of the famous editions in Changshu, such as the "Maochao" of "Jigu Pavilion" in Mao Jin, "Yangchao" of "Qihui Shanfang" in Yang Yi, "Qinchao" of "zhishuangge" in Qin Silin, "Qianqian Yijiang Yunlou" and "Qianchao" of "qianzeng Shugu hall" and "Qianqian Zhenzhu Shentang". His works include "dunyin miscellany", "dunyin Shuyao", "Bi Lun", "Dingyuan Ji", "reading Gu Xin Jian", "Hua Lun", etc.

List of works

Feng ban wrote a lot of works in his life. Apart from dunyin zalu, dunyin Ji is his representative work. It has a great influence. There are ten volumes in the collection of dunyin, including three volumes in the collection of dunyin, one volume in the remaining collection of dunyin, one volume in the other collection of dunyin, two volumes in the poems about immortals, and three volumes in the collection of Feng's small works. Almost all the poems of Feng ban's life are collected here, and they are edited and published in the series of fanxinge by his hometown Pujiang zhouxinru. In addition, the collection of two Mr. Feng in Changshu is a collection with his brother Feng Shu. It is compiled and printed for Zhang Hong, a fellow scholar of Feng ban, for the purpose of promoting the local sages. It provides convenience for later generations to study Feng ban, a famous poet in the early Qing Dynasty and an important poet of Yushan School of poetry.

Negative evaluation

Feng ban strongly opposed the theory of "Miaowu" in Yan Yu's Canglang Shihua of the Song Dynasty. The fifth volume of his dunyin zalu is Yan's correction of fallacy, which refutes this theory. He thinks that the theory of "Miaowu" is specious, which puzzles people most. Yan Yu's Canglang Shihua is one of the theoretical origins of the theory of "verve" created by Wang Shizhen, the leader of the poetic circle in the early Qing Dynasty. Wang Shizhen highly praised Yan Yu's theory of "Miaowu". He said: "Yan Canglang (Yan Yu) used Zen to describe poetry, and Yu Shen agreed with his theory." Therefore, Wang Shizhen was extremely disgusted with Feng Ban's dunyin zalu. This can be seen from his "Fen Gan Yu Hua": Yan Canglang's poems are written in the words of "Miaowu", which means "no reasoning, no explanation", and "the image in the mirror, the moon in the water, the antelope hanging horn, nothing can be found", all of which reveal the secrets of the predecessors. But Feng ban of Changshu has spared no effort to slander Chen, such as Zhou Xing, Lai Junchen, literati and officials If not, it does not mean that there is such "luozhijing" in Fengya. In the past, Hu Yuanrui wrote Zhengyang, which was not known. In recent years, Wu Xiuling wrote Zhengqian, and I also tried it in the capital. If Feng Jun's mouth was yellow, it would be better than that of the Hu and Wu generations. These fallacies do harm to poetry education, and people with good sense should distinguish them. If you dare to call Canglang "ignorant and illiterate", it's just like being drunk and scolding. Those who hear of Canglang just hide their ears and walk away. (Volume 2)

Wang Shi

Chinese PinYin : Feng Ban