most famous early calligrapher

most famous early calligrapher

Wang Xizhi (303-361) was born in Linyi, Shandong Province. He is a minister and calligrapher of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the son of Yin wangkuang of Danyang, and the son-in-law of Taiwei Xijian.

He became an official by virtue of menyin. He served as secretary Lang, governor of Jiangzhou, and governor of Kuaiji. He was a general of the right army and was called "Wang Youjun". In the ninth year of Yonghe, he organized an elegant gathering in Lanting. The preface to the Orchid Pavilion, written by him, has become "the best running script in the world". In the 11th year of Yonghe (355 A.D.), he abandoned his official position and moved to Jinting, Shaoxing. In 361, he died and was buried in pubushan.

He is good at calligraphy. He is also good at Li, Cao, Kai and Xing styles. He studies the style of calligraphy carefully, imitates his hands, collects many strong points, and prepares various styles. He has a profound influence on calligraphy. The style is gentle and natural, the style is euphemistic and implicit, and the style is elegant and beautiful. Li Zhimin commented: "Wang Xizhi's calligraphy not only shows the simplicity and mystery based on Lao Zhuang's philosophy, but also shows the harmony based on the Confucian doctrine of the mean.". In the history of calligraphy, Zhong Yao and his son Wang Xianzhi are called "Zhong Wang" and "Er Wang".

Life of the characters

be a worthy son-in-law of sb.

Wang Xizhi was born in the Wang family of Langya in Wei and Jin Dynasties, and was the second son of Wang Kuang.

At the age of 16, Wang Xizhi was chosen by Xi Jian as his son-in-law. Xi Jian has a daughter who is two or eight years old. She has a good appearance and is not yet married. She loves her daughter, so she wants to choose a son-in-law for her daughter. She has a deep friendship with the Prime Minister Wang Dao and is an official in the same Dynasty. It is said that there are many children in her family, all of whom are excellent in talent and appearance.

One morning after the court, Xi Jian told Prime Minister Wang about his idea of choosing a son-in-law. Prime Minister Wang said, "well, there are many children in my family. Let's choose them from your family. Whoever you like, I agree with you."

Xi Jian ordered his confidant to take a heavy gift to Prime Minister Wang's house. When the prince's children heard that Xi Taiwei sent people to find their son-in-law, they all dressed up carefully and came out to meet each other. Looking around, one person is missing. The housekeeper of the king's house led the housekeeper of Xi's house to the study of dongkuayuan. On the bed near the east wall, a young man lying on his back was indifferent to Taiwei's search for his son-in-law. The housekeeper of Xi's mansion came back to the mansion and said to Tai Wei, "there are more than 20 young princes in the royal mansion. They heard that Xi's mansion is scrambling to find a son-in-law. Only there is a young man on the East bed, lying on his stomach as if nothing had happened." Xi Jian said: "I want to choose such people. Let's go and show me." When Xi Jian came to the palace, he saw that this man was open-minded, elegant, talented and beautiful. He made a betrothal gift on the spot and chose him as his son-in-law. This is how the theory of "dongchuankuaixin" came into being.

Get together in Lanting

In the ninth year of Yonghe reign of emperor mu of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (353 AD), on the third day of the third lunar month, when Wang Xizhi, xie'an, sun Chuo and other 41 people were practicing in Lanting, Shaoxing, they drank wine, wrote poems and collected poems. Xizhi improvised and wrote a preface to this collection, which is the famous preface to Lanting. This post is a draft, 28 lines, 324 words. It describes the scene of literati gathering at that time. Because of the favorable weather, location and effect, the author is said to have been unable to write later. Among them, there are more than 20 "Zhi" characters written in different ways. In Song Dynasty, Mi Fu called it "the best running script in the world".

Call a sick man and abandon him

In March of the 11th year of Yonghe (355 A.D.), Wang Xizhi said he was ill and abandoned his official position. "Wang Caozhi moved from Wuxi to Jinting, Shaoxing. He built a library, planted mulberry fruits, taught his children, wrote poems and paintings, and entertained them by fishing geese. " Together with Xu Xun, Zhi Dun and others, he began to travel all over the landscape. After settling in Jinting, calligraphy rose. Most of his descendants are good at painting and calligraphy, and their works are full of halls and study rooms. They are called "Huayuan painting hall". Later generations named the village "Huatang", which has been called up to now.

Kuaiji an Shi

In 361 ad, Wang Xizhi died in Jinting, Kuaiji (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province), and was buried in Jinting waterfall mountain (also known as Wisteria mountain). His Fifth Sun Heng's house is Jinting temple, and the site still exists. During the reign of Liang Da Tong (535-546), his ancestral temple was built in front of the tomb.

Main achievements

Attainments

Wang Xizhi loved calligraphy when he was young, and was enlightened by his father Wang Kuang and Uncle Wang Zhen. At the age of seven, he was good at writing, and at the age of twelve, he stole from his father's pillow to read the previous generation of Bi Lun. Wang Kuang is good at calligraphy and painting. Wang sengqian once commented in his book on Calligraphy: "since he passed Jiangdong, before the right army, only he was the best, painting was the division of the Jin and Ming emperors, and calligraphy was the right military art." Wang Xizhi was deeply influenced by Wang family's calligraphy since he was a child. Scholar Huang Jinxiang praised Wang Xizhi: "the sage of calligraphy, the trace of calligraphy, the verve of calligraphy, the treasure of history!" Liu duo, a contemporary calligraphy rookie studying in the United States, once praised: "only good characters (Wang Xizhi)".

In his early years, Wang Xizhi studied calligraphy from Mrs. Wei. Wei Shuo, a teacher of Zhong Yao, passed on his method skillfully. She taught Wang Xizhi Zhong Yao's method, Wei's method of learning calligraphy for several generations, and her own style and method of calligraphy. "Tang book review" said: "Mrs. Wei's book is like a flower arrangement dancer, with low beauty. Another example is the beauty on the stage, the shadow of fairy e, the water of red lotus and the rosy clouds of green marsh. " Shen Yinmo, a modern person, said: "Xizhi learned calligraphy from Mrs. Wei, naturally influenced by her. As soon as he obeyed the law of the bell, his charming custom was also formed. Later, he read the ancient records of Zhuan and Lichun since the Qin and Han Dynasties, which was different from the new style of the law of the bell passed by Mrs. Wei, so he was dissatisfied with the biography of the teacher. This is the same as the later generations who started from the study of the calligraphy. Once they saw the tablet, they wanted to change their study It's also understandable. We can realize that Xizhi's charming style and endless changes in antiquity have deep roots. " (a glimpse of the two kings' Dharma Books)

Wang Xizhi is good at changing his teachers. When he got out of Mrs. Wei's calligraphy barrier, he was in a new historical level. He once described this historical turning point: "Xi Zhi's less study of Madame Wei's book will be called Da Neng; he crossed the river and traveled north to famous mountains to see Li Si, Cao Xi and other books; he promised to see Zhong Jue and Liang Hu's book; he went to Luoxia to see Cai Yong's three style book of Shi Jing; he saw Zhang Chang's tablet of Hua Yue from his elder brother's office to learn Madame Wei's book. It took years and years to learn." So I changed my teacher and still studied in the steles. " From these words, we can see Wang Xizhi's experience and intention of constantly broadening his horizons, hearing widely and seeking truth.

Wang Xizhi has lofty aspirations and is full of creativity. If you learn from Zhong you, you can melt. Zhong's books are still open, and his real books are also divided. His pen is still open, and there is a tendency for birds to soar. The so-called Zhong's Falcon tail wave. Wang Xizhi is fond of hand chasing, but it is easy to turn it into music and subtract the potential. The so-called "straight down" of the right army. He learned from Zhang Zhi. Zhang huaigeng of Tang Dynasty once pointed out this point in shuduan: "to analyze Zhang Gong's grass and make a compromise is to be ashamed of his proficiency; although Zhongjun's official position is to use Zenghua, it's ancient and elegant, and to study his body, he does everything." Wang Xizhi's "analysis" and "compromise" of Zhang Zhi's cursive script, and his "profit and loss" and "application" of Zhong Yao's official script can "study the essence and style" of these two calligraphy masters. Shen Yinmo said Yang Dao: Wang Xizhi did not paint gourds at the feet of his predecessors, but used his own hands to make the ancients serve me. He integrated all the different strokes of the Qin and Han Zhuan and Li that he had learned from the Expo into the Zhenxing cursive style, thus forming the best style of his time, bringing forth the new through the old, and opening up a new world for future generations. This is the reason why Wang Xizhi's idea of "collecting all kinds of dharmas to form a family" is highly praised. (atlas information)

style

Wang Xizhi's preface to the collection of orchid pavilions is respected by calligraphers of all dynasties and is known as "the best running script in the world". Wang Jianshan was good at Li, Cao, Kai and Xing styles. He studied the style of writing, imitated his hand, collected many strong points and prepared various styles. He got rid of the style of writing in Han and Wei dynasties and became a family of his own with far-reaching influence. His calligraphy is gentle and natural, and his writing style is euphemistic and implicit. It is graceful, beautiful and beautiful. People often use it in Cao Zhi's Luo Shen Fu: "graceful as a bird, graceful as a dragon, glorious as autumn chrysanthemum, luxuriant as spring pine. It's as if the moon is covered by light clouds, and the wind is drifting like snow One sentence to praise the beauty of Wang Xizhi's calligraphy. It is said that Wang Xizhi practiced calligraphy hard when he was a child. After a long time, the pond water used to clean the brush turned into ink. Later generations commented: "floating like a cloud, feigning like a dragon", "the Dragon jumps at the gate of heaven, the tiger lies in the Phoenix Palace", "the nature of the sky is natural, and the spirit is abundant

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. There are some idioms about him, such as Ru Mu San Fen, Dong chuankuai son-in-law, etc.

Wang Xizhi's calligraphy has influenced generations of calligraphers. Ouyang Xun, Yu Shinan, Chu suiliang, Xue Ji, Yan Zhenqing and Liu Gongquan in the Tang Dynasty, Yang Ningshi in the Five Dynasties, Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Mi Fu and Cai Xiang in the Song Dynasty, Zhao Mengfu in the Yuan Dynasty and Dong Qichang in the Ming Dynasty, all these famous calligraphers in the past dynasties are deeply convinced of Wang Xizhi, so he enjoys the reputation of "calligraphy sage". (atlas information)

works

Wang Xizhi's original works have been regarded as authentic works since the Tang Dynasty. Because of its long history, and the long-standing reputation of this post, like other ink works of Wang Xizhi, there are different inferences about its copying age. Some are called song Mo, others are suspected to be Mi Fu's, and more are Tang mo. There are many descriptions of it, and it has been engraved in many kinds of clumps. After the Yuan Dynasty, the public and private seals and their circulation are historical and reliable, and their value is self-evident.

Anecdotes and allusions

penetrating

It is said that the emperor at that time would go to the northern suburbs to offer sacrifices. He asked Wang Xizhi to write the message on a piece of wood, and then sent workers to carve it. The engraver peeled the board one layer after another and found that Wang Xizhi's handwriting had been printed inside the board. The carpenter marveled at Wang Xizhi's powerful brushwork, perfect calligraphy skills, and strong brushwork. It is from this story that "Ru Mu San Fen" comes out.

bamboo fan

Chinese PinYin : Wang Xi Zhi