Wang Xianqian

Wang Xianqian

Wang Xianqian (1842-1917), whose name is Yiwu, was named Kuiyuan because of his residence, and was known by scholars as Mr. Kuiyuan. At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, he was an educator, historian, Confucian classics scholar, exegetist and industrialist. He is from Changsha, Hunan Province.

Wang Xianqian became a scholar in the fourth year of tongzhi (1865) and was awarded the title of Imperial Academy scholar. After the ninth year of tongzhi (1870), he served as the chief and Deputy examiners of local rural examination and the same examiners of joint examination for many times. Guangxu six years (1880), promoted to Guozijian Jijiu. Guangxu 11 years to 14 years (1885-1888), outside the teaching of Jiangsu Xuezheng, after the end of leave home, concentrate on teaching. He successively served as the head of Chengnan Academy (1891-1893) and Yuelu Academy (1894-1903). During the reform movement of 1898, he was the leader of the Conservatives. During the New Deal period in the late Qing Dynasty, he served as the director of Hunan Normal University, speaker of the academic affairs office, honorary Prime Minister of Hunan Railway Bureau, Council Office of Hunan Provincial Advisory Bureau, etc. After the revolution of 1911, he was dissatisfied with current affairs and wrote books behind closed doors. In 1917, he died in Changsha at the age of 76.

Wang Xianqian wrote a great deal of works in his life and made great achievements in classics, history, literature and collection. He focused on textual research and collation. There are "Huangqing Jing Jie sequel", "ten dynasties Donghua Lu", "Xugu Wenci Lei Zuan" and so on. His works include supplementary notes to Hanshu, collection and interpretation of Houhanshu, collection and interpretation of Xunzi, collection and interpretation of shisanjia, etc. The collection of poems and essays includes the collection of poems and essays of xushoutang.

(overview picture source: crown of Wang Xianqian at the beginning of Kuiyuan annual) < / I >

Life of the characters

Early life

Wang Xianqian was born in Yingpan street, Changsha, Hunan Province on July 1, 1842 (August 6, 1842). When he was born, the family affairs of the Wang family were all supported by his father Wang Xiguang, and his livelihood was difficult. Even if he didn't pick up the next meal, the days at home were very warm.

In the 25th year of Daoguang (1845), Wang Xianqian began to study in a family school.

In 1847, Wang Xianqian was named Xianqian by his father Wang Xiguang, whose name was Yiwu. His father began to teach him poetry and prose, taking Du Fu and Su Shi's poetry as the masters.

In 1852, Wang Xianqian studied with min Zhenhan. Soon after, he followed County students Lin Shurong and Huang Xitao to study the current prose.

In the seventh year of Xianfeng (1857), Wang Xianqian was among the best in the county and government examinations, so he entered the county school and failed in the rural examination.

Three years after the tenth year of Xianfeng (1860), he took part in the scientific examination, and ranked eighth in the first grade.

Three years of staff

Wang Xiguang died on February 18, 1861. This change made Wang Xianqian's family more difficult. His relatives laughed at him. Seeing his good friend Huang shicuo join the army in Hubei, he had the idea of joining the army. In June, Wang Xianqian arrived in Wuchang. He was introduced by Hu Xinquan, his father, and Li Mo, his brother and friend. Then he went to Anqing, Anhui Province to join the guide camp of Changjiang Water Division. Wang Ji, commander in chief of Langshan Town, appointed him as the chief secretary. In September, Wang Xianqian returned home.

In the third year of tongzhi (1863), Wang Xianqian served as an aide in Hubei governor Liang Hongsheng camp.

In February of the fourth year of tongzhi (1864), the Nian army besieged Bashan, and Wang Xianqian led Liang Hong's army to help. After the siege, the Qing army pursued Guanghua (now Laohekou City) < / I >. It happened that the Nien generals Lai Wenguang and Chen Decai were in Tianmen, Hubei Province, where Liang Hongsheng's troops were besieged and defeated. On April 24 (May 29), the Qing army was defeated by Jiuzhen temple again. Wang Xianqian broke out with Liang Hongsheng, and only a hundred people survived. During the period of being trapped, Liang Hongsheng wanted to send troops to escort Xianqian and others to break through the encirclement and go first, but Wang Xianqian insisted on staying. In June, Wang Xian modestly left for the army to return to the south, and a poem encouraged Liang Hongsheng to learn from this defeat. In September, Wang Xianqian took part in the local examination and won the 40th place.

The imperial examination was smooth

On the sixth day of March in the fourth year of tongzhi (April 1, 1865), Wang Xianqian took part in the examination, and was the 200th Jinshi. In the second grade of the re examination, the 25th place was in the second grade, and the 92nd place was in the second grade of the palace examination. In the imperial examination, he was the fourth in the first class, and was appointed as a scholar of Imperial Academy.

In April of 1868, Wang Xianqian took part in the examination of Sanguan, ranking sixth in the first class, and was awarded the title of editor of Hanlin Academy.

Preside over the meeting

In May 1870, Wang Xianqian was appointed Deputy examiner of Yunnan provincial examination. Arrived in Kunming on the first day of September (September 25). Wang Xianqian promoted Xu Yinfang, Peng qishang, song Tingliang, Yang Fengchao and others. Later, Wang Xianqian wrote the record of Yunnan provincial examination and asked for leave to visit relatives in March.

In March of 1874, Wang Xianqian was appointed as the examiner. In April, long Qitao came out of Wang Xianqian's room and became a Jinshi. Miao Quansun, Li Ciming, Zhu Yixin, Zhao Ming and others, though strongly recommended by Wang Xianqian, all fell behind for various reasons.

In June of the first year of Guangxu (1875), Wang Xianqian was appointed as the examiner of Enke rural examination in Jiangxi Province. The associate examiner edited pan Yantong for him in the same year. On September 9 (October 6), Peng Yuhai Zhongju from Wang Xianqian's room asked him to make an epitaph for his father.

In June 1876, Wang Xianqian was appointed Deputy examiner of Zhejiang provincial examination, and the examiner was pan Silian. In August, Chen Changshen, who won the test, visited bangfa. Wang Xianqian then returned to Beijing and wrote the preface. In December, Wang Xianqian was appointed as the editor of the record library.

In the first month of 1877, Wang Xianqian turned to zuozhongyun. In August, the school compiled emperor Mu Zongyi's sermon. In September, more than half of the whole book of the museum was published. The president of the museum invited people to give awards for their contributions. Wang Xianqian was one of them.

Central Government

In April of the sixth year of Guangxu (1880), Wang Xianqian was promoted to make up the Imperial Academy's sacrificial wine. Soon after, he published "imperial examination notes" and "Guan Ke Shi Cun". On May 16 (June 23), Wang Xianqian and Hu Pinzhi, the cabinet bachelor, remitted their crimes because the envoys of Britain, France and other countries asked for leniency in signing a treaty with Russia without permission. On the 24th (July 1st), the cabinet meeting discussed the Russian affairs again. Wang Xianqian thought that the war against Russia should not be carried out easily and played a role in Westernization affairs. 7、 In August, a letter was sent to Liu Kunyi to talk about China Merchants shipping group. On October 26 (November 28), Sheng Xuanhuai and Tang Tingshu of China Merchants Group were impeached for engaging in private affairs, harming the public and corrupting the affairs of the Bureau. Please rectify. After that, Empress Dowager Cixi ordered Li Hongzhang and Liu Kunyi to seriously investigate. Li HuiZou still tried his best to protect Sheng et al. When Liu Kun played back, he tried to impeach Sheng Xuanhuai. The matter was not settled.

On March 21, 1881 (April 19, 1881), Zeng Jize sent a letter from Paris, talking about the change of treaty in Russia, and advised Xianqian to travel abroad. In his reply, Wang Xianqian talked about his views on the current situation and declined to go abroad on the ground of taking care of his mother. On the sixth day of September (October 28), Zuo Zongtang was appointed governor of Liangjiang. Wang Xianqian asked Zongtang to raise funds for Imperial College and increase the allowance for students. Zuo Zongtang promised to allocate funds after he was appointed governor Jiang.

On June 15th, 1885 (July 26th, 1885), Wang Xianqian took the post of Guozijian again. On the 23rd, "please stop the three seas project temporarily.". On July 20 (August 29), "Please add the name of Ju Jian, allow Ju Ren to enter the prison" and "invite the eunuchs to enter the prison" were played.

Inspector of Jiangsu Province

On the first day of August in the 11th year of Guangxu (September 9), Wang Xianqian took up the post of Jiangsu Xuezheng. In November, Wang Xianqian opened a publishing house in Jiangyin Nanjing Academy, where he engraved the ancient philosophers' notes on classics and history, and donated thousands of money for his advocacy.

In March of the 12th year of Guangxu (1886), Wang Xianqian rebuilt the back garden of the academic department, which is called "Jiyuan". He collected the steles of the snow Pavilion and rebuilt the corridor of the stele, which is called "mohuaxie". He also built three "yongmulu", which are the portraits of his parents. It also built "xushou hall" as "a place for reading and recreation day and night".

In June 1888, the sequel to the interpretation of Huangqing classics was published for three years, with more than 1000 volumes. In the same year, Nanjing Academy Series was published. Soon after that, he selected some famous articles from the Jiaqing period and published them as Jiangzuo Zhiyi Jicun. On the 10th of August (15th of September), he played "asking for leave for two months after unloading and returning home to repair tombs" and granted two months' leave. On November 29 (December 31), Wang Xianqian arrived in Changsha and lived in yujiaxiang ancestral hall public house.

Xingtan years

In February 1889, when Wang Xianqian's holiday was over, he petitioned Wang Wenshao, governor of Hunan Province, to leave Jiangsu Province and return to Changsha.

In the first month of the 16th year of Guangxu (1890), Wang Xianqian, at the request of Guo Songtao, gave a lecture on "Si Xian" and "she". A book store was set up in the lecture hall to search and engrave books.

In February 1891, Wang Xianqian was the dean of Chengnan academy, and recommended Yang Shulin as the speaker of Sixian lecture.

In August of 1895, Chen Baozhen was transferred from Zhili to Hunan as governor. Wang Xianqian once talked with him about military training and the establishment of Hefeng match company. In December, eight volumes of Shi Ming Shu Zheng Bu, which Wang Xianqian engraved, will be completed.

In May of 1896, Wang Xianqian carved Kuiyuan Xiaoshi Lu Cun, which is his own preface. In October, he participated in the establishment of baoshancheng machinery manufacturing company. In November, it was proposed to open the school. In December, Wang Xianqian and the company's gentry wrote to Chen Baozhen, appealing for the establishment of the school of current affairs. After receiving the report, Chen Baozhen quickly approved it and instructed the company and school to merge.

Conservative guard

On November 6, 1897, the current affairs school opened. Xiong Xiling was the premier of the school, Wang Xianqian and others were the gentry of the school, and Dong attended the school opening ceremony with Chen Baozhen. In the same year, Wang Xianqian founded a power plant in Changsha.

In the first month of the 24th year of Guangxu (1898), South China

Chinese PinYin : Wang Xian Qian