Yunxiang

Aixinjueluo Yinxiang

Aixinjueluo Yinxiang

(November 16, 1686 - June 18, 1730), the 13th son of Emperor Kangxi, the emperor of the Qing Dynasty, was born to his mother, the Royal concubine Zhang Jia.

In 1722, Yin Zhen, the fourth son of Emperor Kangxi, succeeded to the throne. Yin Xiang was granted the title of Prince heshuoyi, and served as Minister of state affairs to handle important government affairs. In the first year of Yongzheng (1723), he appointed the Ministry of household affairs as the prime minister. From then on, he helped Yin Zhen to govern the country, and he also trusted him very much. Yongzheng three years (1725), the Prime Minister of the capital water conservancy and farmland affairs. In 1729, Junggar was ordered to handle the northwest two routes of military aircraft due to the disturbance of the border area by Junggar. The Xuxie praises the military service, and the imperial edict doubles the honor guard.

Because Yinxiang contributed a lot to the reign of Yongzheng Dynasty, he got the permission of hereditary Wangtai and became the king of iron hat. The ninth iron hat king in the history of Qing Dynasty. Yongzheng eight years (1730) May 4 (Gregorian calendar June 18) died, when 44 years old, with Tai Miao, the title“

Virtuous

”In addition, a plaque entitled "loyalty, respect, honesty, diligence, prudence and honesty" was inscribed before his posthumous title. The change of the word "Yun" from "Yun Xiang" to "Yin" has become the only case in the Qing Dynasty.

Life of the characters

Beloved prince

Yin Xiang was born in the Forbidden City of Beijing on the first day of October in the 25th year of Kangxi (1686). His mother was Zhang Jia, the imperial concubine of Jingmin. In July 1698, 12-year-old Yin Xiang first followed Emperor Kangxi to visit the mausoleum in Shengjing, and in the whole 10 years before the incident of abolishing the crown prince in September 1708, Emperor Kangxi would take Yin Xiang wherever he left the capital. This is enough to show that Emperor Kangxi treated him differently. Yin Xiang's various performances as the emperor's most capable assistant in Yongzheng period also fully show that he not only has high cultural quality, but also has great ability to handle affairs and is good at coordinating interpersonal relations, which is a rare talent. Yin Xiang is good at writing, writing and painting, but few works have been handed down to this day. Only a small number of works in the manuscript of jiaohuiyuan have been handed down.

In 1702, Emperor Kangxi visited the south, accompanied by crown prince Yinren, fourth son Yinzhen and thirteenth son Yinxiang. One day, Emperor Kangxi called his ministers and princes to study calligraphy. Not only were the couplets displayed on the spot, but also people were invited to watch the couplets written by Yinzhen, the fourth son of the emperor, and Yinxiang, the thirteenth son of the emperor. It is said that all the ministers looked around and "all of them were happy to serve the emperor.". Such a marvelous act is naturally flattering, but it is true that the two princes are good at calligraphy. This year, Yinxiang was 17 years old. If he didn't have the bottom of his heart, how could Xuanye let him perform on the spot with his brother? Yinxiang inherited the traditional skills of Manchu people and was proficient in riding and archery. According to some records, he is "good at riding and shooting, and he will hit the target when he shoots.". Once on a hunting tour, a fierce tiger protruded from the forest. He was calm and stabbed forward with a sharp blade. Everyone who saw him admired his courage.

Around the 43rd year of Kangxi (1704), he Zhuo, the teacher of the eighth son of the emperor, also mentioned in his letter to his family that his royal highness was the emperor's favorite and had a bright future. Yin Xiang, less than 20 years old, was highly valued by his father, and even the Han literati who served in the Qing court were clear. However, when he first abolished the crown prince, Yinxiang was out of favor with Kangxi for some reason. In the end of Kangxi's life, he was neither reused nor granted the title.

Out of favor and forbidden

< sub > master data: < / sub > < sub > Jiuzi seizes the right

Although there is not much historical data to find about the relationship between Yin Zhen and Yin Xiang in their early years, it is certain that the two brothers are intimate. In Yongzheng's sacrifice to Yinxiang, it is mentioned that Yinxiang's mathematics was taught by him himself, "I remember my childhood, and I tend to serve in the courtyard, and I get together in the morning and evening. Bi Chang, who obeyed the emperor's order, taught his younger brother arithmetic and discussed daily affairs. Whenever he was a retinue outside the Great Wall, the two brothers were closely related. When Emperor Kangxi took only one of their retinues on his tour, the two brothers would return their poems even if they separated for a short time. Yongzheng also included his poems in the collection of poems, which made a few of Yinxiang's works handed down to the world.

After the 47th year of Emperor Kangxi (1708), Yinxiang was affected by the first event of abolishing the crown prince. According to Aixinjueluo Hongwang's outline of the general annals of the Qing Dynasty, Yinxiang, Yinren and Yinzhen were banned for a period of time since September of that year. Later scholars disputed the authenticity of this record, saying that he was not banned. However, it is generally believed that Yinxiang was banned, but the reason is not clear; scholar Yang Zhen pointed out that there was no Yinxiang in the eldest prince who was knighted in the 48th year of Emperor Kangxi (1709). Combined with this fact, the record of Yinxiang's being banned should be true; as for the reason of being banned, it may be that he was considered by Emperor Kangxi to be shielding Yunren. However, although the ban may be true, the ban should not last long. For example, in February of 1709, Emperor Kangxi was accompanied by Yinxiang when he visited Jifu.

After the abolition of Prince Yinren, Emperor Kangxi's trust in the princes was greatly reduced. Since the 48th year of Emperor Kangxi (1709), the retinue began to adopt the shift system. Everyone had to accompany Emperor Kangxi in turn on tours, so as not to form cliques for personal gain. Many princes accompanied Emperor Kangxi on inspection, but Yinxiang was special. It seems that Emperor Kangxi's shift system did not apply to Yin Xiang. From the 48th year of Kangxi (1709) to the 50th year of Kangxi (1711), Yinxiang was still accompanied by the emperor every time, but during this period, Emperor Kangxi did not like Yinxiang very much.

From the 50th year of Kangxi (1711), according to some records that can be found, at least in this period, Yinxiang's body had a problem. Yinxiang had a kind of poisonous sore on his leg, and "white blisters, ulcers after breaking, and thin pus when flowing". Emperor Kangxi also asked "what happened to Yinxiang sore" in his reply to Yinzhi's Memorial "It doesn't look good?" And a series of expressions of concern and sympathy. Yinzhen also visited famous doctors for Yinxiang, and explained to governor ertai that "if you know someone who is good at medical theory, you can send them to Beijing to take care of them.". In fact, Yin Xiang's illness was not completely cured until the second year of Yongzheng (1724). Emperor Yongzheng once said to Nian gengyao, "Wang (Yin Xiang) only feels thin this spring and summer.". This shows that Yin Xiang's physical condition is extremely bad. So until the death of Emperor Kangxi, Yinxiang didn't get any chance. Yinxiang experienced great ups and downs in the Kangxi Dynasty. He had been brilliant and even lonely. In the early period of Kangxi, Yinxiang got the opportunity to broaden his horizons. In the later period of Kangxi, Yinxiang honed his temperament in the long-term depression. After being restrained by setbacks in the Kangxi Dynasty, Yinxiang had some understanding of the cruelty of political power. Therefore, although the situation of Yinxiang in Kangxi Dynasty was not plain sailing, it laid a solid foundation for his future achievements in Yongzheng Dynasty.

Wang Lizheng

< sub > master data: < / sub > < sub > Prince heshuoyi

On the second day of Emperor Kangxi's death, Emperor Yongzheng appointed Yin Xiang as one of the four prime ministers, and on the same day he was promoted to Prince heshuoyi. After being neglected for more than ten years and being treated so favorably by Yongzheng, Yinxiang of course tried his best to repay his kindness.

At the beginning of Yongzheng's administration, Yinxiang quickly became the pillar of Yongzheng. He is not like a prince who has never been in charge of politics. This also strengthened Yongzheng's determination to continue to use him. In Kangxi's later years, there were crises in economy, military affairs, taxation, punishment and prison, all of which were extremely difficult. People who were trusted by the new emperor would not be able to do well. From the early years of Yongzheng to the third year of Yongzheng, Yin Xiang began to be the Minister of prime minister affairs, to deal with the funeral of Kangxi and xiaogongren. He was in charge of huikaofu, zaoban, Hubu sanku and Hubu. He participated in the military planning of Northwest China and handled the affairs of foreign missionaries. At the end of the third year of Yongzheng reign, the government of huikao was dissolved and the prime minister was relieved. In addition to his previous part-time jobs, Yin Xiang added the Minister of state affairs, the prime minister Yingtian water conservancy, led the Eight Banners forbidden army of Yuanmingyuan, handled the affairs of Yinzhen's vassal house and mausoleum, plotted to organize military supplies, and also undertook many duties such as adjudicating cases temporarily handed over by the emperor and performing sacrifices on behalf of the emperor. Emperor Yongzheng once said with great emotion: "I really rely on Wang Yi's praise to promote peace, and Wang Shi can assist me in ruling the world. It is said that the meeting of sages, kings and officials has lasted for thousands of years, and now it has been found among the emperors and nobles of this branch. " The sincere trust and loyalty between Yin Zhen and Yin Xiang are rare in feudal dynasties. People often use "Tangdi's deep affection" to describe their brotherhood.

In the first year of Yongzheng (1723), Yinxiang was appointed to the Ministry of household affairs. The Department is directly related to the national economy and the people's livelihood, and has a variety of affairs and complicated ideas. Many drawbacks accumulated since the end of Kangxi's reign need to be solved urgently. Since the beginning of taking office, Yin Xiang has been a diligent director without any slack. Due to the large number of old cases left over from the past, Yinxiang broke the previous routine. By setting a time limit and rewarding diligence, thousands of old cases were sorted out. At that time, the central government set up a new examination office, which was specially responsible for auditing the financial tellers, checking the deficits and collecting the accumulated debts. Yinxiang knew that this matter was very important, so he did his duty and handled it seriously. At the same time, it also found out that there were 2.5 million taels of deficit silver in the account department. According to the different situations of different groups of people, the emperor was invited to take such measures as directly checking, freezing all the positions of deficit officials, "if the deficit officials are paid within the time limit, they should listen to the promotion if they need to be promoted", and reducing the officials' bonus year by year in a way similar to installment payment

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