Shen Baozhen

Shen Baozhen

Shen Baozhen

(1820-1879), formerly known as

Shen Zhenzong

, words

Youdan

The word

Hanyu

The Han nationality is a Marquis of Fujian Province. He was an important minister, politician, militarist, diplomat and national hero in the late Qing Dynasty. He was one of the founders of shipbuilding, shipping and naval construction in modern China. He was the son-in-law of Lin Zexu, a feudal official who resisted aggression in the Qing Dynasty.

In the 11th year of Xianfeng (1861), Zeng Guofan asked him to go to Anqing camp and entrusted him with the task of reuse. In 1874, Japan launched a war of aggression against Taiwan on the pretext that Ryukyu boat people drifted to Taiwan and were killed by the Gaoshan people. The Qing government sent Shen Baozhen as the imperial envoy to Taiwan to deal with coastal defense, as well as the minister in charge of the affairs of various countries, to plan the coastal defense affairs, and to deal with the withdrawal negotiation of Japanese troops. Thus, Shen Baozhen started his way of advocating modernization in Taiwan.

In the first year of Guangxu (1875), Shen Baozhen returned to the imperial court. After going to Beijing, he was appointed governor of Liangjiang and Minister of Nanyang, in charge of supervising Nanyang Navy. Shen Baozhen, with the limited funds of the imperial court, found it insufficient to build Nanyang and Beiyang Navy separately, and proposed to concentrate on building Beiyang Navy first.

In 1879, Shen Baozhen died in Jiangning at the age of 59. Wen Su posthumous title, the imperial court after the title of crown prince.

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Life of the characters

Early life

The Shen family lived in Henan Province and moved to Zhejiang Province in the Southern Song Dynasty. During the Yongzheng period, one of the Shen family continued to move south to Fujian marquis.

In 1820, Shen Baozhen was born into a poor family of scholars. His father, Shen Tingfeng, was also a poor private school teacher. Support one's family on one's meager monthly income. Her mother, Lin Huifang, was skilled and industrious. She not only did needlework for others to subsidize the family, but also took charge of Shen Baozhen's childhood education. Her teaching method is unique, direct and effective. First of all, she overcomes some shortcomings of xiaoyoudan, and then she teaches enlightenment books such as "Three Character Classic" and "hundred family surnames". The process of teaching is not reading according to the book, but often explaining the reasons.

Shen Baozhen is a frequent visitor to his uncle Lin Zexu's study in the attic. Here, he read many famous works at all times and in all over the world. In the conversation with his uncle, he also began to have an initial understanding of the word "Westernization". He often told his uncle what he got from the book. In a conversation, he expressed his views on setting up Westernization.

Get an official title

In 1836, Shen Baozhen, a 16-year-old scholar, was selected as a scholar. In 1840, Shen Baozhen and his teacher, Lin Changyi, won the examination together. This year, Shen Baozhen was just 20 years old. At this time, the first Opium War broke out. Soon after, Lin Zexu, who was the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, was dismissed and investigated by the imperial court. This year, under the auspices of both parents, Shen Baozhen married his cousin Lin Puqing, who was one year younger than him. Lin Puqing, Lin Zexu's second daughter, was engaged to Shen Baozhen when she was ten years old

In 1841, Shen Baozhen went to Beijing to take the exam and failed. In the 24th year of Daoguang (1844), Shen Baozhen and his father Shen Tingfeng went to the capital to go to Qiuwei. Both of them failed in the examination. His father vowed never to take the imperial examination again and went back to his hometown to teach. In his prime, Shen Baozhen was determined to fight against the current. He studied hard for another three years and tried again. In the 27th year of Daoguang (1847), Shen Baozhen became a Jinshi in the middle of the imperial examination. He selected a good scholar and was appointed editor and promoted to censor.

In the four year (1854), Xianfeng County monitored the imperial censor of the southern part of the Yangtze River and monitored Guizhou's history after one year. In 1855, Shen Baozhen became the magistrate of Jiujiang in Jiangxi Province.

Famous officialdom

In the sixth year of Xianfeng (1856), the imperial court promoted Shen Baozhen to be the governor of Hangzhou. However, Shen Baozhen refused to be the governor of Guangxin (now Shangrao) in Jiangxi Province because his ancestors lived in Hangzhou and there were too many relatives in Hangzhou. At that time, the Taiping army had attacked Jiangxi twice and occupied more than 50 counties in bafu. Only Nanchang, Raozhou, Guangxin, Ganzhou and Nan'an were left in the imperial court. The situation in Jiangxi was in danger. In August, Yang Fuqing, a general of the Jiangxi Taiping army, led more than 10000 people to attack the Qing army, conquering Luxi, Guixi and Yiyang, and advancing into Guangxin city. At that time, Shen Baozhen was accompanying his right servant Lian zhaolun to collect military supplies and pay. The 400 garrison in Guangxin City fled one after another when they heard that Yiyang was lost. In the city, only the county magistrate, the general, and his wife Lin Puqing were left. They organized the people to press against the city gate and vowed to stick to it. At the critical moment, Lin Puqing showed the demeanor and integrity of the daughter of a famous official. While inspiring the people, she sent people to ask for help from Rao Tingxuan, the former commander of Lin Zexu, who was stationed in Yushan, Zhejiang Province. The next day, Shen Baozhen rushed back to Guangxin, and soon reinforcements arrived. After discussing with Rao Tingxuan, he adopted the tactics of attacking the enemy unprepared and harassing the baggage. He fought seven battles and won seven victories and beat back Yang Fuqing's attack. After this battle, Shen Baozhen became famous in officialdom.

In 1857, he was promoted to Jiunan road in Guangrao, Jiangxi Province. In March, Shi Dakai attacked Guangxin. Shen Baozhen and Rao Tingxuan led the defenders to resist tenaciously. After several days of fierce fighting, Shi Dakai defeated Zhejiang Province. In the ninth year of Xianfeng (1859), Shen Baozhen asked to leave his job and go home to visit his sick parents. He hasn't been home for 15 years. The days in his hometown bring him not only happiness and memories, but also rare leisure and relaxation. Xianfeng ten years (1860), again was used, granted to Ji Gannan Daotai, Shen parents old and tactful. So he was left in his hometown to do group training, which was appreciated by Zeng Guofan. In the 11th year of Xianfeng (1861), Zeng Guofan asked him to go to Anqing camp and entrusted him with the task of reuse. Soon after, he was recommended as governor of Jiangxi, relying on Xiang generals Wang Debiao and Xi Baotian to suppress the Taiping army,

In the third year of tongzhi (1864), Hong tianguifu and Hong Rengan, the young kings of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, were killed. In the fourth year of tongzhi (1865), Shen's mother died. Shen Baozhen left the government and returned to his hometown.

For the Southeast

In the spring of 1866, Zuo Zongtang was promoted to governor of Fujian and Zhejiang, and Xingyuan was located in Fuzhou. In August, the imperial court approved Zuo Zongtang's memorial to set up a ship manufacturing Bureau, and decided to build a ship administration bureau at the foot of Sanqi mountain on the Mawei River, that is, the future Fuzhou Ship Administration Bureau. In October, Zuo Zongtang was transferred to the governor of Shaanxi and Gansu due to the Hui people's uprising in Shaanxi Province. Before he left, he strongly recommended Shen Baozhen, governor of Jiangxi Province, who was Ding you's home, to take over the ship administration, and personally went to Gongxiang to invite Shen Baozhen out of the mountain. However, when Zuo Zongtang visited Shen Baozhen twice, he was shirked by Shen.

In 1867, he took over from Zuo Zongtang as the Minister of Fujian shipping administration and hosted the Fuzhou shipping administration. At that time, it was during the Westernization Movement that Zuo Zongtang founded a shipyard in Mawei, Fuzhou, Fujian Province. Before he could start work, he was transferred to Shaanxi and Gansu as governor of Shaanxi and Gansu. Before he left, Zuo Zongtang said that Shen Baozhen was not allowed to take up his post. So as soon as Shen Baozhen took office, he built a shipyard and a machinery factory with an art school. There were 20 ships and ships distributed in various Haikou. In the first month of the seventh year of tongzhi (1868), Yipu was founded again, with a five-year schooling system to cultivate supervisors.

In 1874, Japan launched a war of aggression against Taiwan on the pretext that Ryukyu boat people drifted to Taiwan and were killed by the Gaoshan people. The Qing government sent Shen Baozhen as the imperial envoy to Taiwan to deal with coastal defense, as well as the minister in charge of the affairs of various countries, to plan the coastal defense affairs, and to deal with the withdrawal negotiation of Japanese troops. Thus, Shen Baozhen started his way of advocating modernization in Taiwan.

Resist foreign aggression

In the 1960s and 1970s, foreign capitalist powers invaded and forced China's border areas from all directions, resulting in a general crisis in China's border areas. Especially for Taiwan, the invasion of the United States, Japan and France caused a serious crisis in the Taiwan Pengzhou region and the southeast coast, which became a part of the frontier crisis at that time. In particular, Japan is the most vicious. After the Meiji Restoration, Japan quickly embarked on the road of militarism, showing great aggression in foreign relations. First of all, it looks at neighboring China and has a covetous eye on Taiwan.

In December 1871, two Ryukyu tribute ships drifted to Taiwan in the wind. Among them, 54 people were killed by the residents of gaoshifo and Mudan societies. The other 12 people escaped and were transported back to China by the Chinese government from Fuzhou. At that time, in order to ease the increasingly acute domestic contradictions and the political crisis caused by the "Korean expedition theory", the Japanese government was brewing a war with foreign countries and decided to seize this incident as an excuse to send troops.

On April 4, 1874, Japan formally established the Taiwan invasion organization, the Taiwan Governor's office, and formed the Taiwan expedition army. On May 10, Japanese Army lieutenant general Xixiang congdao led more than 3600 people to land in Langqiao, Taiwan. The main targets of his attack were Mudan and gaoshifo. On the 18th, the Japanese began to fight with the local residents. On the 22nd, they captured Shimen and killed ALU and his son, the chief of the Peony Society. At the beginning of June, more than 1300 Japanese attacked and occupied Mudan society in three ways. On the 13th, they occupied guizijiao society. In the middle of July, the Japanese army had completed the expedition and induced the Japanese to surrender to the various societies. Based on Guishan, the Japanese army set up the governor's office, built hospitals, barracks and roads, and distributed Japanese flags to the societies in the north and south of the mountain for a long time.

At first, the Qing government had no knowledge of a series of Japanese invasions into Taiwan. It didn't know about it until April 19, when it passed the British envoy weituoma. On May 11, the Qing Dynasty censured the Japanese side, and on May 14 ordered Shen Baozhen, Minister of shipping administration of Fujian Province, to be appointed as the imperial envoy to lead the ship troops to Taiwan, and granted him the military and diplomatic power to deal with the Japanese invasion of Taiwan.

In mid June, when Shen Baozhen arrived in Taiwan, on the one hand, he negotiated with the Japanese military authorities to withdraw his troops, and on the other hand, he began to arrange the defense of the whole island. He built more fortresses in Fucheng and Penghu, and placed Western cannons

Chinese PinYin : Shen Bao Zhen