Wang Yuanliang

Wang Yuanliang

Wang Yuanliang (after 1241-1317) was born in Qiantang (today's Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province). He was also named shuiyunzi, Chukuang and Jiangnan tired guest. At the end of Song Dynasty and the beginning of Yuan Dynasty, he was a poet, a poet and a court zither player.

During duzong period of Song Dynasty, he worshipped the inner court with his good temperament and good Guqin. In 1276, when Lin'an fell, Wang Yuanliang moved to Dadu with the three palaces, went in and out of the palace, served the yuan master, and once visited Wen Tianxiang in prison. In the 25th year of the Zhiyuan reign (1288), he became a monk and was allowed to return to the south. He arrived in Qiantang the next year. Later, he traveled to Jiangxi, Hubei, Sichuan and other places, and finally to Laohu mountain.

Wang Yuanliang's poems mostly recorded the events before and after the fall of the state. People at that time compared him to Du Fu, and his poems were called "history of poetry". Wang Yuanliang is the author of shuiyunji, hushanlei manuscript and shuiyunci.

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Life of the characters

The career of serving Song Dynasty

Wang Yuanliang was born in a big family of Qin and Confucianism. When he was young, because he was good at playing the piano, painting, writing poems and writing lyrics, he became a zither player serving the inner court, serving empress dowager Xie (after LiZong) and Wang Zhaoyi (the concubine of duzong), and had contacts with Chai Wang, Ma tingluan and Biwu.

Captured in Yuan Dynasty

In 1276, the Song court descended to the Yuan Dynasty, and the emperor Shizu of the Yuan Dynasty ordered the three palaces to move northward to Dadu. When Yuanbing entered Lin'an, Wang Yuanliang wrote a poem: "at sunset in front of Xisai mountain, it rained outside Beiguan gate. The people of the South shed tears and the people of the North laughed. Chen Fu bowed his head to worship the cuckoo. " "Random point spread to plan to kill six more, the wind blows the courtyard to burn out to return bright. When the courtiers finished playing, they signed their names to thank Daoqing. " Wang Yuanliang traveled northward with empress dowager Xie as a court zither player. He witnessed the tragic scene of the Southern Song Dynasty's surrender to the Yuan Dynasty. He also personally experienced the life of the three palaces going northward and Yanjing. From this, he wrote poems with strong documentary characteristics, such as zuige, yuezhouge and huzhouge. He recorded the real events of the song and Yuan Dynasties from a unique perspective, so as to make up for the reality The shortage of history books. In November of the 19th year of the Zhiyuan Dynasty (1282), Saturn invaded the throne, and there was a lot of discussion in the court. At this time, Zhongshu Province proposed that the heavenly anomaly was caused by song Gong's family in Beijing, so he asked the emperor Shizu of yuan to issue an imperial edict to move Zhao's clan to Kaiping (Shangdu). Then Zhao Xian, the Duke of Ying State, and Zhao he, the academician of Hanlin, went to Shangdu (now in Xilinguole League of Inner Mongolia), and Wang Yuanliang and Wang Zhaoyi also went with them. On a hot June day in the south of the Yangtze River, the group went through the arduous journey of "a foot of snow on the ground" and "skin cracking on the finger". They went all the way out of Juyong Pass, climbed Li Lingtai, paid homage to Zhaojun's tomb, passed Huanzhou and Juyan, and went north to Kaiping for a few years. The Empress Dowager's life was difficult and she couldn't eat enough. The young emperor and the whole empress mother and son were sad. Wang Yuanliang said to himself that "the scholar couldn't bear to cry". He still guarded the young empress dowager's wandering. What he experienced along the way was recorded in poetry.

Meet Yuanting

In order to win the hearts of the people and appease the Han people, after Wang Yuanliang and his party arrived in Dadu, the yuan court gave them quite generous treatment at the beginning of the three palaces' northward journey, and various banquets continued. As a close attendant of the three palaces, Wang Yuanliang often accompanied the three palaces to attend various banquets held by the yuan Lord. He lived with Sangong in the north for 13 years, and was famous for playing Qin in Dadu. When the emperor of Yuan heard that he was good at playing Qin, he ordered him to serve in the palace. Therefore, he was often favored by the Lord of yuan. He also taught Zhao Xianshi, the Duke of Ying State, poetry and calligraphy, and served in the Imperial Academy during that period. In the 23rd year of Zhiyuan (1286), Wang Yuanliang was appointed as the sacrificial envoy of Yuedu Jiangxiang. He went with Yan Shixue, an important official of the imperial court. Before he left, his ancestors gave him the task carefully and said, "if you go with yueding personally" (Beiyue Jiangxiang Chengyan Shixue). The imperial edict, immediately set out, "one from the jade edict, Le Ma You Yan up.". Hebei and Henan, 15000 Li "(" Xiang Hui Yan "). Wang Yuanliang, who was appointed envoy this time, should belong to the accompanying Han people. In 1285, he traveled all over the Yellow River and Yangtze River. Wang Yuanliang, who had traveled northward in the eastern coastal areas, once again had the opportunity to leave his own footprints in northwest, southwest, central and eastern China. During this period, about 40 poems were left, accounting for about one tenth of his existing poems. This time, Wang Yuanliang not only offered sacrifices to Hengshan Mountain in the north, Huashan Mountain in the west, Songshan Mountain in the middle, Hengshan Mountain in the south, Taishan Mountain in the East and Qingcheng Mountain in Sichuan, but also passed through Dufu thatched cottage in Chengdu, Sichuan, and paid homage to Confucius Temple.

Please come back

During the Zhiyuan period, Empress Dowager Xie and Wang Zhaoyi died. Zhao Xian, the 18-year-old Duke of Ying State, went to study Buddhism in Tubo. His mother, Empress Dowager Quan, went to Zhengzhi temple as a nun. The royal family of Song Dynasty that he was waiting for fell apart. Wang Yuanliang could choose his own life. However, loyalty and patriotism had become part of his life. At this time, Wang Yuanliang resolutely wrote to the emperor of Yuan Dynasty and asked for his return to the south. In the 25th year of Zhiyuan (1288), Wang Yuanliang was able to return and was named shuiyunzi. After returning to the south, Wang Yuanliang set up a poetry club, passed Xiaoxiang, went to Sichuan, and visited old friends. Later, he built a "hidden place of lakes and mountains" in Qiantang, claiming to be "fishing for coir in the wild". It is said that his whereabouts are erratic, and he was called "immortal" at that time, and he always lives in the mountains and rivers.

Main impact

poetry

Li Jue, a friend of Wang Yuanliang, wrote the Hu Shan Lei manuscript by Yuanliang, which said that Yuanliang's "grief for the country's subjugation, the pain of going to the country, and the state of sorrow and sighing at the difficult pass can be seen in poetry" and "the history of poetry of the Song Dynasty's subjugation". The main feature of Wang Yuanliang's poems is "the poetic history of the Song Dynasty". The historical facts recorded in it can often make up for the historical records. After Wang Yuanliang returned to the south, he wrote many poems to reflect the miserable life of the people under the rule of the Yuan Dynasty, such as Qiantang and xingyuanfu, which can be regarded as a part of the "history of poetry of the Song Dynasty". Huzhou song, Yuezhou song and zuige are the representative works of Wang Yuanliang's "history of poetry". Its depth and breadth are beyond other similar poems of song adherents. Wang Yuanliang's early creation of four poems "Ju imitated Su Wu" and three poems "imitated Li Ling's poem biography on a moonlit night" imitated the ancient poems "Li Ling and Su Wu's poem" and "Su Wu's poem", which showed too much traces. Yuan soldiers forced south, the country swaying, his poetry into the content of the times, and gradually formed its own style. He learned from Du Fu and imitated his Qinzhou style. In his hardship, he further realized that Du Fu's poems were "good every sentence" (reading Du Fu's poems in the cold grass felt tent). In Dadu, Huang Jin Tai and the rhyme of Wu Shi Tang and the elegy of Zhao Fu, the Duke of Pingyuan County, inherited Du Fu's melancholy, but also had the desolation and indignation endowed by that era. In order to save Wen Tianxiang's soul, he wrote the song of the Taoist in Fuqiu, which is similar to Du Fu's seven songs in the same Valley, and is well versed in the composition. The landscape poems written after returning to the south are occasionally bright, but most of them are about loneliness and sadness, such as "the lonely boat, the passengers, the twelve beaches in front of the twelve peaks" (Kuimen). Some of the poems are influenced by the school of the rivers and lakes.

Words

Taking "the change of Deyou" as the boundary, Wang Yuanliang's Ci can be divided into two periods. the main content of early CI is to describe the court life. For example, Huang Ying's cleverness is described in the preface to yingti's song, a new yellow Ying in the palace, and Peony's charming is described in the spring garden appreciation of peony in Han Gong Chun. [maladjustment name] "Gongren Guse playing nishang song" describes the sorrow of Gongren. These words are rich in language and meticulous in structure. Although the realm is not high, they can be classic but not piled up, and exquisite but not obscure. His everlasting longing for each other is lively and full of joy. After "the change of Deyou", the content and style of Wang Yuanliang's Ci changed. On his way to Dadu in the 13th year of the Yuan Dynasty, he sighed with regret that "his eyes were cut off from the southeast half of the city, and that Changhuai was no longer my land.". During the period of Dadu, in a group of Ci poems, he broke through the deep sorrow and hatred in the traditional "palace resentment" works and expressed the sufferings of the captured and the feelings of nostalgia for the motherland. Others such as [full moon] "can't bear to look back, leave the palace, yangliuyiyi", [Manjianghong] "and Wang zhaoyiyun" more worthy of Du Yu, the mountains cry blood ", are very touching. These works inherit and carry forward the tradition of patriotic Ci by Lu You, Xin Qiji and Chen Liang. They express their views and feelings directly and show their true meaning. After returning to the south, the mountains and rivers changed color, "heartbroken Jiangnan tired guest, song unfinished, qionghu knock missing" ([secret fragrance]), loneliness and sadness, nostalgia for the motherland, became the main content of the works of this period, and the feelings became deeper. The representative work is the preface to yingti, which is over Jinling.

music

Wang Yuanliang was a famous zither player in the late Song Dynasty. He was good at playing zither and worshipped in the inner court. He, Guo Mian and Liu Zhifang are known as the founders of Zhejiang School. They introduced many Confucian ways of thinking into guqin, and pushed Guqin to the supreme position in ideology, catering to the metaphysical psychology of feudal scholars. In music, innovation at the same time, but also learn from the ancient spectrum, the advantages of jiangge two schools. Compared with the folk Jiangxi School at that time, Zhejiang School was more concise and direct to its meaning, and more popular and easy to understand. According to historical records, in the autumn of 1280, he visited Wen Tianxiang twice. For the first time, he played "Hujia 18 Pai". For the second time, he played ten pieces of music, such as "Juyou Shicao". The music was deep and sad, pathetic. Some of them are original works, some are processed by Wang Yuanliang, and some are new works by Wang Yuanliang. This is the expression of Confucius' historical sense of responsibility that "helping the world at the same time" was transformed into "everyone is responsible for the rise and fall of the world". Later, Kublai called the emperor Shizu of Yuan Dynasty

Chinese PinYin : Wang Yuan Liang