Bi Shian

Bi Shian

Bi Shian (938-1005), whose real name is bi Shiyuan, was born in Yunzhong (today's Datong, Shanxi Province) of daizhou. In the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, Prime Minister and poet.

In the fourth year of Qiande (966), Emperor Taizu of Song Dynasty, Bi Shian became a Jinshi. After Emperor Taizong ascended the throne, he paid homage to the censor and went out to know Qianzhou. He became a Bachelor of Hanlin and a minister of rites. After song Zhenzong ascended the throne, he moved the Minister of the Ministry of officials and Tongping Zhangshi to become the prime minister, and strongly recommended Kou Zhun. During the war of Chanyuan, he supported Kou Zhun's decision-making and urged song Zhenzong to fight personally. After the song and Liao dynasties signed the alliance of Chanyuan, they selected good generals to guard the border, measured the time, and implemented it in turn.

In the second year of Jingde (November 14, 1005), he died at the age of 68. He was awarded to Taifu and zhongshuling, and his posthumous title was Wenjian. He has written 30 volumes of anthology, which is now lost, and his poems are recorded in Quan Song Shi.

Life of the characters

Bi Shi'an, a famous Prime Minister of the Song Dynasty, was named Renyu. His great grandfather and great grandfather both worked as small officials in the prefecture and the county, and his father was the magistrate of Guancheng county. As a child, Bi Shian was eager to learn. He went to Songzhou (now Shangqiu, Henan Province) and Zhengzhou (Zhengzhou, Henan Province) to seek teachers. In the fourth year of Qiande (966), Emperor Taizu of the Song Dynasty, Bi Shian was a middle Jinshi. Ten years later, he became the official of Dali temple and Sanmen. In the second year of Chunhua (1991), he was a Bachelor of Hanlin. emperor Zhenzong of the Song Dynasty ascended the throne (in 997), worshipping the Minister of the Ministry of industry and the Privy officer. In the first year of Xianping (998), he served as the Minister of rites and academician. Bi Shi'an is diligent in government affairs, rigorous in scholarship, and knows people well. On weekdays, be strict with yourself and lenient with others. He strongly recommended Kou Zhun and wrote to Emperor Zhenzong of Song Dynasty, saying: "Kou Zhun is both loyal and righteous. He is good at judging major events. I think he is the material of the prime minister." So song Zhenzong agreed to bi Shi'an's request and appointed Bi and Kou as the prime ministers of Ping Zhang. After Kou Zhun was appointed prime minister, Shen zonggu, a villain, made a false accusation. Bi knew Kou's character well and tried his best to defend him. He found out the false accusation and beheaded Shen zonggu, so that Kou Zhun could be at ease in his administration. After that, Kou Zhun fought against Liao Dynasty and made remarkable achievements, all of which were the contributions of Bi Shian. In the first year of Jingde (1004), he was promoted to minister of the Ministry of officials, Tongping Zhangshi, and became prime minister. In the same year, Xiao talin led the army of Liao to invade the Song Dynasty, and Bi Shian supported Kou Zhun's idea of fighting for Zhenzong. Finally, song and Liao entered into an alliance in Chanyuan, and the two sides stopped and negotiated peace. In the second year of Jingde (November 14, 1005), Bi Shian died of illness at the age of 68. Zhenzongqin went to his residence to cry and mourn. He was extremely sad. He gave platinum 300 Jin, abolished the dynasty for five days, and presented it to Taifu and zhongshuling, with the posthumous title of "Wenjian". Later, Wang Dan was the prime minister, playing Zhenzong in front of him and praising his Qing Festival. Zhenzong then gave bishian 5000 taels of platinum and granted his second son and first grandson as officials.

Main achievements

Politics

In the war of Chanyuan, Bi Shian supported Kou Zhun and advocated the personal expedition of song Zhenzong, which eventually led to the "alliance of Chanyuan".

library

Bi Shian is rigorous in his studies. Song Taizong called officials to collate the annals of the Three Kingdoms. There were many despicable things in the book, so he urged it to be edited and printed. He said: evil to warn the world, good to persuade, good and evil things, spring and autumn are prepared. Then he ordered the printing. He likes to collect books, is good at calligraphy, and has extraordinary appearance and speech. In his old age, his eyesight was poor, and he continued to read every day. All the books he kept were collated by himself. He was one of the famous scholars in the early Song Dynasty. All the books in his collection belong to song Shou. He was also a book collector in the Southern Song Dynasty.

personal works

In the history of the Song Dynasty, Bi Shi'an was called "the elder of the year", and Mu Mao kept on reading, collating himself or writing kindly, and he also refined the meaning of Ci, with a collection of 30 volumes ". Most of his works were lost. There are four poems in Quan Song Shi.

Character evaluation

General comments

After the death of Bi Shian, song Zhenzong said to Kou Zhun and others, "Bi Shian is a good man. He is responsible for the affairs of Nanfu, Donggong and even the assistant prime minister. He has the style of the ancients. He died so quickly that he can be deeply mourned." Later, Wang Dan, as prime minister, played the Zhenzong Emperor: "Bi Shi'an is as cautious as the ancients. When he was in office, he sighed that he was the assistant prime minister, but there was no countryside in all directions. His death did not end, and his family had been subdued. He really lived up to his Majesty's knowledge. However, if he made a living by borrowing money from his family, he would steal it from Zhou. He would show his kindness when he was transferred. It was not for his personal benefit. " In the history of the Song Dynasty, Bi Shi'an was highly appraised: "tu'an was upright and elegant, had a clear mind and a clear mind, had a beautiful demeanor, was good at speaking, and was strict."

Historical evaluation

Zhao Guangyi: Bi Shian's Ci practice has a long history, but his performance is far away from me. Zhao Heng: I rely on you to help me, not today. ② It was the custom of the ancients that I had to do things in Nanfu, Donggong, and even the assistant prime minister. I can mourn for the loss. Wang Dan: before your majesty, he said that bishian was as cautious as the ancients, and he sighed when he was in office. He is a prime minister, but he has no country to live in. He has not lost his life, and his family has been subdued. His majesty knows that. Yang Yi: 1. He is always humble and modest. Then He Yi was no lighter than the average man. He wanted to be with others for a long time, so he was called the elder. Living frugally is not pleasant in the plain wind, and practicing at home and abroad is more effective in keeping the Qing Festival. He who is good at talking about fame and reason forgets to be tired. Know more allusions and drink them endlessly. The beauty of embellishment is the most. I'm eager to consult you, and I'd like to help you. He took part in the great political affairs, recommended the central government, and gained popularity in the Ming Dynasty. Only allow to show four body to lead the post, Zeng Wuyue thought, three then to Yanmo in Yan. It's still a short time to be exhausted and live in a position, but I have not yet extended my mind to you. I have come back to you and I have a grudge. I love the history of graves. ② Since the public is lonely, do not learn to be shameful. He moved to Pu Tian and was a gentleman. It's too common for Zhang Fang to follow Fu. He applied with the invitation, and said that Kong Zhang was the best. It is the channel of Du River and the chapter of Peijun. At the end of the year, the rank will be increased and the week will be set. It's Zuo Qifan, it's Si Yagao. We should take advantage of the wind rules and give guidance. Graceful inner court, big size. Admonishment officials and good governance. Yiyi capital, Weiwei East Dynasty. Er Bi Chui Shen was a yuan Liao. Forgive the secret and balance, and forbid the deep division. The attendants talk and think, and then to the overlapping place. The people have to think about the governance of the party. Xuanshi's right is the emperor's right. In the practice of rock gallery, the crown in Zaisi. The people have great foresight, and all kinds of work have great promise. In the year of Yongnian, the two uprights prospered. The cloud of man is dead, but the sky is not. If you are very kind, you can give him a gift. The emperor thinks of good officials and always cherishes Yi. Luo Da Jing: in the battle of Chanyuan, Bi Shi'an said that the prime minister would take the Uighur official family, and Gao Qiong said that he was good at calling the prime minister to recite two poems. The strategy at that time can also be seen. Huang Zhen: Zhenzong used Qidan to plan a prime minister, and Wen Jian recommended laigong, so they discussed the matter of Chanyuan. It is necessary to choose the right side and abide by the law so as to bring about peace. Tuotuo: Bi Shi'an recommended Kou Zhun, but also criticized him. Khitan entered on a large scale and made a joint speech to persuade Zhenzong, so he was lucky to be in the abyss, but he was a great enemy in the end. In addition to the discussion of Sui coin, he asked for a long-term alliance because of the heavy bribe. The reason is that Xixia lost the plot of containment, which is also attached. Since Jingde and Xianping, the world has been peaceful, which is the result of the harmony of the two. Wang Fuzhi: (1) there is a long history of extravagance in Zhenzong, and Li Wenjing has known it for a long time. Danzhou peace was just completed, but bishi'an scattered his troops to the countryside. He went into exile and acted as an image of peace. His arrogance was aroused and his boast was exhorted. Bishi'an was not only the guidance of Qin but also the guidance of his generation. ② He who thinks he is lucky is afraid. ③ Hebei's garrison, since the withdrawal of bishian, was left as a legacy. ④ After the peace talks in Danzhou, bishian withdrew the defense of Hebei Province and named it recuperation. In fact, he used qizhenzong to whitewash the lost records of Taiping, and promoted the worship and cultivation of Tu mu for 18 years. Zhu Shi: (Kou Zhun) he is rigid and narrow-minded in nature, but not very useful. If it's not Mr. bison, there's nothing he can do. If you are an honest man, are you under the rank of Qi Baoshu and Zheng Zipi?

Relative members

Table reference: < / I >

Historical figures

Longpingji, Volume 4, Song History, volume 281, biography 40, qindingxutongzhi, volume 320, biography 120

Chinese PinYin : Bi Shi An