Ouyang Xun

Ouyang Xun

Ouyang Xun (557-641) was born in Linxiang County, Tanzhou (now Changsha City, Hunan Province). Tang Dynasty minister, calligrapher. The son of Ouyang.

Emperor Yang of Sui Dynasty ascended the throne, and Ouyang Xun became doctor Taichang. In the third year of Wude (620), he took refuge in Dou Jiande, the king of Xia, and conferred the post of taichangqing. In the fifth year of Wude (622), Li Yuan, Emperor Gaozu of Tang Dynasty, was granted the title of Shizhong. He moved to Yinqing Guanglu doctor, geishizhong, Prince liegengling, and hongwenguan bachelor. He was canonized as a male of Bohai County, and presided over the compilation of yiwenlei Jue. In the 15th year of Zhenguan, he died at the age of 85.

Ouyang Xun is proficient in calligraphy and is known as the "four masters of the early Tang Dynasty" together with Yu Shinan, Chu suiliang and Xue Ji. Ouyang Tong, his son, is known as "great Europe" because he is good at calligraphy. Calligraphy is extremely dangerous in Pingzheng, which is called "European style". Representative works: regular script includes jiuchenggong liquanming, Huangfu birthday stele, Huadu Temple stele, running script includes Zhongni dream diantie and running script QianZiWen. There are some unique views on calligraphy, such as eight formulas, imparting formulas, using pen and thirty-six methods. The inscriptions on the Buddhist relic pagoda of Huadu temple, the stele of wenyanbo, the Duke of Yu Gong, and the stele of Huangfu's birthday are known as "the first regular script of the Tang Dynasty".

Life of the characters

Youth exile

Ouyang Xun's grandfather Ouyang Ji successively held important posts such as envoy Chijie, governor of Hengzhou military, General Annan, and general Zhengnan. Ouyanghe, ouyangxun's father, joined the army with his father at the age of 20. He was brave and good at fighting. Later, his son inherited his father's career and served as the commander in chief, commander in chief, commander in chief, commander in chief, commander in chief, commander in chief, Commander in chief, commander in chief, commander in chief, governor in Guangzhou, etc. In the first year of emperor Chen Xuan's Taijian (569), the emperor worshipped him as a general of Zuowei because he suspected that he had two hearts. Ouyanghe rebelled against Guangzhou. In the spring of the next year, he was defeated and captured. Only one of his family, ouyangxun, escaped from hiding, and all the others were killed. Ouyang Xun was only 13 years old at this time. Two months later, the Empress Dowager died and granted amnesty to the whole world. Ouyang Xun escaped death and was adopted by his father's friend Jiang Zong. Ouyang Xun lived in Jiankang (now Nanjing, Jiangsu Province) for more than 20 years with his adoptive father.

Officialdom career

In the first year of Daye (605) of emperor Yang of Sui Dynasty, Ouyang Xun was appointed doctor Taichang. In the second year of Wude (619), Emperor Gaozu of the Tang Dynasty, Yu Wenhua called himself the son of heaven, and Ouyang Xun was also captured by him as a courtier. In 620, when Dou Jiande conquered Liaocheng, ouyangxun was retained by Xia and was granted the post of taichangqing. In 622, Emperor Li Shimin of the Qin Dynasty defeated Dou Jiande in Hulao and pacified Hebei Province. Ouyang Xun once again escaped from death. Later, because he had a close relationship with Li Yuan, Emperor Gaozu of the Tang Dynasty, he was granted the post of servant. At that time, he was 65 years old. In the heyday of the Tang Dynasty, he moved to Yinqing, Guanglu, geishizhong, Prince liugengling, hongwenguan, and became a male of Bohai County, so he was also called Ouyang Liugeng. During the reign of Zhenguan (626-649), Ouyang Xun died in his 80s.

Main achievements

On call

In the fifth year of Wude (622 A.D.), Ouyang Xun presided over the compilation of Yiwen Lei Ju. The book was completed in seven years, and a preface was written. The book consists of 100 volumes and 48 parts. There are more than 1400 ancient books cited in this book, most of which were lost later. Lai's collection of art categories preserves many important contents of the books.

Calligraphy achievements

Ouyang Xun is not only a great calligrapher of a generation, but also a calligrapher theorist. He has summed up eight methods of practicing calligraphy and calligraphy in his long-term calligraphy practice. Ouyang Xun's "teaching formula", "on the use of brush", "eight formula" and "thirty-six methods" are all his own experience in learning calligraphy. They are more specific summary of calligraphy skills and aesthetic requirements, such as the use of brush, structure and composition It is a precious heritage of Chinese calligraphy theory.

Calligraphy works

calligraphy theory

Teach the secret

Every pen must be round and upright, and its strength should be vertical and horizontal. When the examination of the word potential, four uniform, eight sides are ready; length fit, thick and thin compromise; mind accurate process, density is right. the most important thing is not to be busy. If you are busy, you will lose power; if you are not slow, you will lose your strength; if you are slow, you will lose your strength; if you are thin, you will lose your strength; if you are fat, you will become turbid. This is the most important part. On July 12, the sixth year of Zhenguan, he asked Fu shannu to give him a formula.

Eight Secrets

His calligraphy theory of "Ouyang Xun's eight formulas" has unique insights. It is enlightening to the works of Li Chun in Ming Dynasty and Huang Ziyuan in Qing Dynasty.

Character evaluation

In shuduan written by Zhang Huaiyu in the Tang Dynasty, it is said that "we should do our best to inquire about the eight styles, and we should be careful in writing. The seal script is especially refined, with a white flying crown. It is more severe than the ancients. It disturbs the fighting image of dragons and snakes. It has the potential of cloud and mist to light the cage. The book of Zhenxing is out of tailing. It's as dense as a spear and halberd in the military library. The spirit of wind is more strict than that of Zhiyong, and less polished than that of Yu Shinan. His cursive script was circulated repeatedly, and the two kings could be regarded as moving colors. However, he was surprised to jump on the steed, and did not avoid danger, thus hurting the Qing Dynasty. " Xuanhe Shupu of Song Dynasty was praised as the "crown of calligraphy" in regular script. Li Yuan, the great ancestor of the Tang Dynasty, said: "I didn't expect that Ouyang Xun's reputation was so great that he even knew the barbarians in the distance. When they see Ouyang Xun's handwriting, they must think that he is a burly figure. " Yu Shinan said that he "can be as good as he wants if he doesn't choose pen and paper.".

Historical records

Ouyang Xiu in Song Dynasty, biography of Ouyang Xun in new book of Tang Dynasty, Zhang Zhaoyuan in Jin Dynasty, old book of Tang Dynasty

Family members

Grandfather: Ouyang he father: Ouyang he son: Ouyang Tong

Anecdotes and allusions

Ouyang Xun was intelligent and diligent. He studied several lines at the same time. When he was young, he was well versed in Shiji, Hanshu and dongguanhanji. He was especially good at calligraphy, almost to the degree of obsession. It is said that Ouyang Xun once went out on horseback and happened to see a stone tablet written by Suo Jing, a famous calligrapher of the Jin Dynasty. He rode on the horse and watched carefully for a while before leaving. But after a few steps, he couldn't help but return to the horse again. He admired many times, but didn't want to leave. He simply spread a felt on the horse and sat down to ponder over it. Finally, he sat down beside the monument for three days and left.

Commemoration of later generations

Ouyangxun Cultural Park

Ouyangxun calligraphy culture park is located at the junction of shutangshan village and Heqiao village in shutangshan street, and the core scenic spot is located on shutangshan. Shutang mountain is close to Xiangjiang River and adjacent to Xiangjiang River Navigation and power junction in Changsha. It is 6 km away from Changsha tongguanyao Heritage Park in the north and 20 km away from the downtown area of Changsha in the south. The altitude is 192.4 meters and the main peak area is 1.85 square kilometers. It is an important place for Ouyang Xun and his son to study and create calligraphy art. It has a history of 1500 years. Ouyang Xun, a famous calligrapher of Tang Dynasty, was born in this mountain. He grew up in this mountain and created European style. He is the first person in regular script of Tang Dynasty. He is a well deserved calligrapher. The ancestral home of ouyangxun and the ancient temple of Shutang are well preserved in the mountains. The eight scenes of Shutang, such as "Prince Wei Wei Wei" and "Xibi Quan Chi", are still preserved.

Commemorative activities

The first outing festival of Shutang mountain in China

the first outing festival of China shutangshan was held in shutangshan street of Wangcheng from March 23 to April 10, 2014. The activity was organized by Ouyang Xun Cultural Park of Shutang mountain, and co organized by Wangcheng District Tourism Bureau, tongguanyao management office and Xinhua tongguanyao international cultural tourism resort.

Chinese PinYin : Ou Yang Xun