Mei Zhi

Mei Zhi

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Mei Zhi (994-1059) was born in Xinfan County, Chengdu Prefecture, Northern Song Dynasty. He was a Jinshi in the fifth year of Tiansheng (1027) of emperor Renzong of Song Dynasty. He was a Li official, a Dali judge, a minister in the palace, a censor in tianzhangge, a bachelor in LongTuge, and a doctor in longjianyi. He has successively served as the magistrate of Lantian Shangyuan County, the magistrate in Suzhou, the magistrate in Kaifeng Prefecture, the transfer envoy in Shaanxi, the magistrate in Zhaozhou, Huazhou, Hangzhou, Jiangning Prefecture, Hezhong Prefecture, etc Local officials, died in the river in the office.

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Mei Zhi, an honest official who is diligent in administration and loves the people

Life

Mei Zhi was an official, diligent and loving the people, and often used the opportunity to get close to the emperor to write frankly. During the Qingli period, when Yili and Luohe soared, Zhejiang broke its defenses, and the Yellow River burst its banks, he urged the emperor to "bow to the emperor for moral cultivation"; in the appointment and removal of officials, he also dared to speak out and deal with them properly. Therefore, song Renzong said to the courtiers that "Mei Zhi's words are true".

When Mei Zhi was a local official, he could better understand the sufferings of the people. When he was in Huazhou, there were huge river control projects every year. Originally, all the people were recruited. After Mei Zhi came, he dispatched soldiers stationed in Huazhou to manage the river instead of the people. Once the river rose sharply, Mei Zhi led his subordinates to supervise the construction of levees day and night to prevent floods. For this reason, song Renzong specially awarded him for his contributions.

During the reign of Jingyou, Mei Zhi worked as an official in Zhaozhou. He loved Zhaozhou's social customs, good wine and good fruit, and wrote five laws and ten poems of ten love poems. He hated feudal officials' corruption, extortion and corruption, and wrote the famous article "five miasma theory". Later, in order to thank Mei Zhi for getting rid of the bad government and doing good things for the people, the people of Zhaozhou built a Mei Gong Pavilion and engraved ten love poems and five miasma on the stone wall to express their respect and memory for Mei Zhi.

In the second year of Jiayou reign (1057), Mei Zhi went to Hangzhou as an official. Song Renzong gave him a special poem to see him off. In the poem, Mei Zhi was encouraged to share the emperor's sorrow and win the praise of the people. In order to repay the favor of the emperor, Mei Zhi built a beautiful hall in Wushan, Hangzhou, according to the first sentence of the poem, "the land has beautiful lakes and mountains.". Youmeitang Ji was written by Ouyang Xiu, a famous writer, and Cai Xiang, a famous calligrapher. Mei Zhi also had close contacts with Li, a famous writer and statesman.

achievement

Mei Zhi became an official for 32 years. He was honest and upright with outstanding achievements. The commentary of the history of the Song Dynasty, biography of Mei Zhi is divided into "pure and quiet nature, not a coercive act, and the political achievements are just like the person. He never asked about his career in Pingju. He likes to be a poet and has many aphorisms. There are more than 40 memorials.

influence

Among Mei Zhi's works, dangtui's theory of five miasmas is the most influential one for Dangjin and later generations. Miasma, or miasma, is a kind of falciparum malaria prevalent in subtropical humid areas of southern China. As soon as people get infected, they often die. In Mei Zhi's view, the miasma is certainly terrible, but the five miasma of the government, namely, rent and tax, punishment and prison, food, goods and wealth, and hangbo, are even more terrible. If officials get infected with one of them, they will cause "public resentment and God anger" and suffer historical punishment. But some people are not alert. It's ridiculous. After 60 years, Zou Hao, a demoted official in Zhaozhou, wrote a poem saying: "although the five miasmas are not contaminated, one admonition points to them. "In the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty, Wu Zeng, a litterateur, also recorded in detail the theory of five miasma and its original story in his Neng Gai Zhai Lu. In the first year of Shaoxi (1190) of the Southern Song Dynasty, wumiaoshuo was written by Zhu Xiyan, a pacifier of Guangxi economic strategy, and carved on the beautiful Longyin cliff of Guilin. In 1963, Guo Moruo traveled to Guilin and ascended the banyan tree building, especially reciting a poem for Mei Zhi's five miasma theory. Two of them said: "banyan building back to the wall deep, Meigong miasma said police people.".

During the Jianyan period of the Southern Song Dynasty, Shen Zhongzhong, magistrate of Xinfan County, built Sanxian hall in the south of the East Lake and painted Sanxian statues in memory of Mei Zhi, a native, and Li Deyu and Wang Yi, county officials of Tang and Song dynasties. During the reign of Qianlong, Jiaqing and Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty, Sanxian hall was rebuilt and cultivated. Although Sanxian hall does not exist today, the stone tablet engraved with Mei Zhi's "five miasma theory" still stands on the shore of Xinfan East Lake.

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