Guifu

Guifu

Guifu (1736-1805), the word Weigu, the word Donghui, the name Yumen, the other name Xiaoran mountain waishi, Guifu later called Laotai, the name Dujing, but also from the inscription said Dujing Fu min. He is from Qufu, Shandong Province. Calligrapher, exegetist and seal Carver in Qing Dynasty.

Guifu entered the Imperial College in 1768 and was selected as xuanchangshan's tutor. Qianlong 54 years (1789), Zhongju people, the next year Jinshi. In the first year of Jiaqing (1796), he was awarded the title of magistrate of Yongping County, Yunnan Province, and the title of magistrate of shunning county. Jiaqing ten years (1805), died in office, at the age of 70.

Academically, GUI Fu has dabbled in primary school, calligraphy, seal cutting, poetry and drama, and each has his own achievements. His research in primary school can be described as profound, devoted to the study of Shuowen Jiezi, and wrote Shuowen Jiezi Yizheng, etc. Together with Duan Yucai, Wang Yun and Zhu Junsheng, they are known as the "four masters of Shuowen" in Qing Dynasty. He is also good at textual research of tablet, seal, painting and poetry of Qin and Han Dynasties. Seal cutting and elegance of Han and Li dynasties are well-known, as well as Yi bingshou, and are known as the "Gemini of Chinese Philology". In addition, he also wrote Zaju housishengape, academic essays ZAPU and wanxueji.

(source: biographies of scholars in Qing Dynasty). < / I >

Life of the characters

Home life

In 1736, Guifu was born in a scholarly family in Qufu, Shandong Province. Because Guifu's great grandfather, grandfather and father all worked as Gongsheng, he was influenced by his family studies. He read everything in his books, and made up for all the students just when he was weak. Since then, until the age of 30, GUI Fu has been reading at home. According to Gui Fu's collection of late learning, when he was young, he liked to talk about poetry with his fellow countryman Yan Chonggui, and he read a lot of books. As long as he saw that his predecessors' poems had something in common with his heart, he copied them all, no matter what great works they made. They enjoyed it. During this period, GUI Fu mainly lived a life of reading and being a relative.

Study in the prime of life

In 1768, GUI Fu, 33 years old, was selected as a teacher because of his good character. He got to know Weng Fanggang in the capital and learned more skillfully.

On July 11, 1773, the Qing government established the Sikuquanshu library to compile Sikuquanshu. Emperor Qianlong granted Shao Jinhan, Zhou Yongnian, Dai Zhen and Yang Changlin permission to study together with Shu Jishi. GUI Fu was able to communicate with Dai Zhen, Zhou Yongnian and other well-known scholars of Confucian classics during the reign of Emperor Qianlong. Therefore, his academic direction also changed, from the study of calligraphy to the study of Confucian classics.

In 1775, Zhou Yongnian was awarded the title of Imperial Academy scholar, and he was specially ordered to enter the Siku library to edit Siku Quanshu. GUI Fu was Zhou Yongnian's record room at that time. Zhou Yongnian borrowed the books in the library and asked GUI Fu to write "textual research of four books" until the Qing court ordered him to ban borrowing official books.

In 1778, Guifu stayed in the capital, and the carving of "Xu 35ju" was opened.

In 1779, Guifu wrote the Shuowen tong system map, which was inscribed by Cheng Yaotian, Zhu Zhujun, Lu Wenzhao, Weng Fanggang, Zhang Xun, Wang Niansun, Ding Jie, Xue Shou and Li Zuwang. When Luo pin came to Beijing, GUI Fu met him during this period. In October, Luo pin painted a picture of Shuo Wen Tong system for GUI Fu. On November 19, as Luo pin left Beijing the next day, Weng Fanggang served vegetables in Su Zhai and set them on fire. He invited GUI Fu, Cheng JinFang, Zhang Xun and Luo pin to Zhai to wish Su Shi a birthday and a farewell party for Luo pin.

In the 45th year of Qianlong reign (1780), the Shuowen tong system map was compiled, and Guifu wrote it for himself.

On December 29, 1782, the 47th year of Qianlong reign, Yuan Mei wrote a preface to Miao Zhuan Fen Yun written by Gui Fu.

In the 50th year of Qianlong reign (1785), Guifu's teaching and learning period was over, and he was responsible for the training and guidance of Changshan County (now the northwest of Zibo City, Shandong Province).

Old age and

In the autumn of 1789, Guifu took part in the local examination and won the examination. February 16. Guifu and his friends are planning to build the Tanxi jingshe. In July, Miao Zhuan Fen Yun was carved in Beijing.

In the spring of 1790, Guifu took part in the examination, became a Jinshi and was selected as a professor. In the same year, he paid a visit to Ruan Yuan in the capital.

In 1793, GUI Fu traveled to Donglai, where his poems were collected into Donglai grass and included in Weigu poetry collection. The next spring, Guifu returned to Changshan.

In 1794, Ruan Yuan was appointed as the academic administrator of Shandong Province, and he arrived in July. GUI Fu paid a visit to Ruan Yuan in Jinan, and Ruan Yuan greatly appreciated his learning.

In 1795, Guifu published his old manuscript "collection of late learning", and Ruan Yuan wrote a preface for it.

In 1795, Guifu returned to Laizhou, where he wrote "Shuzhu Wannian Shoucheng Shi". In April, the four volumes of Weigu poetry anthology were recorded by sun Xian, with Ma Lutai and Yan Chonggui as the preface. On October 20, GUI Fu's 60th birthday, Weng Fanggang, Zhang Wentao and Zhao Zhixin all wrote poems.

Yuanhuan in Yunnan

In April of the first year of Jiaqing (1796), Guifu was selected as the magistrate of Yongping County, Yongchang Prefecture, Yunnan Province, and began to write the collection of late learning on board. In June, when he was going to take up the post of Yongping, Luo pin presented GUI Fu with the painting of Zanhua riding on an elephant, which many people wrote or wrote poems to see him off. On June 15, friends Zhang Wentao, Wu Xiqi, Zhao Huaiyu, Wei Chengxian, Yannong, he Daosheng and others gathered at Yi bingshou's home to practice for GUI Fu. In the winter of the same year, Guifu returned to Qufu, Shandong Province, to take care of his family, and immediately went to Yunnan.

During his tenure, on the one hand, he was diligent in government affairs, paid attention to local economic construction, repaired government offices, organized houses, and dredged rivers. He once built two single hole stone arch bridges in Caiyuan River in the west of the city, named Puji bridge, which was later known as Guigong Bridge. On the other hand, he also began to be busy with the compilation of manuscripts in his life, hoping that his works can be handed down to later generations.

In the second year of Jiaqing (1797), Guifu went to the south of Yunnan by waterway. On the way, he remembered the old news of Jingzhong and his good friend Zhou Yongnian and began to write the book Zhapu. In April, when I arrived in Dianchi Lake, there was a poem named "old servant's words returning to the book to show it.".

Jiaqing four years (1799), guifuyuanpei wife Qiao Jun died. In Gui Fu, he was so sad that he wrote a book to show his son's generation and wrote "sacrifice to his wife Qiao Jun of Yuan Dynasty".

In the seventh year of Jiaqing (1802), GUI Fu was transferred to shunning county magistrate. During his tenure, Zhapu took five years to write a preface.

In the autumn of the ninth year of Jiaqing (1804), the wool plague broke out in Kunming, causing countless deaths and injuries. Seeing this depression, GUI Fu felt it in his heart and wrote a poem about it.

Died in a strange land

In 1805, GUI Fu died at the age of 70. His son GUI Changfeng also died suddenly on the way back to Qufu, Shandong Province.

Due to the poverty of his family, GUI Fu could not be buried until June of the 21st year of Daoguang (1841). Kong Xianyi of Tongxian County wrote the tomb list for him, and Jiang Xianglong, a Jinshi of the same year, wrote biography for him.

Main impact

Philology

GUI Fu thinks that "scholars do not understand the classics, not enough to use; and exegesis is not clear, not enough to understand the classics.". GUI Fu's rigorous scholarship and "playing by-pass" enabled scholars to extend their attention and facilitate later learning. GUI Fusheng devoted all his life to the study of textual research of characters when the "study of Pu" was flourishing. However, he was not limited by the fashion and saw the disadvantages of "study of Pu". He quoted Xu Gan's Zhonglun as saying: "despicable scholars and erudite scholars are responsible for the name of things, detailed in the instruments, examined in the exegesis, picked up the chapters and sentences but can't understand the great meaning. Therefore, it makes the scholars think hard and don't know, spend days and months without success "to criticize the current style of study, and their insight is superior to the simple learning at that time. GUI Fu was proficient in philology. After 40 years of hard work, he wrote 50 volumes of Shuowen Yizheng by comparing Shuowen Jiezi with classics. He had a unique research on the meaning of characters and became a famous philologist in the Qing Dynasty. He also wrote 10 volumes of Zhapu, a monograph on textual research of classics, characters and famous things, which was based on great wealth and detailed differentiation.

There are ten volumes of Zhapu. GUI Fuqian said that his works are trivial, just like the wood veneer removed by cutting a piece of paper, so it is called Zhapu. As a matter of fact, ZAPU is a masterpiece of his whole life. Among them, the textual research of inscriptions in "inscriptions on gold and stone", "old news in the countryside" and "continuation of Yunnan Tour" is quite good. In other parts, it also focuses on the interpretation of classics and history and the identification of names and objects through text exegesis.

GUI Fu's Shuowen Yizheng (Yizheng for short) is composed of 50 volumes, which takes Xu's Shuowen Yizheng and other classics as examples, and is the essence of his life. In Zhapu, GUI Fu studied the meaning, characters and names of the classics from the primary school, quoted Hongfu, and made detailed differentiation. In each of the following statements, examples are collected and summarized. The whole book of Yizheng is well-organized, with different explanations, complements and corrections, and ranks. The main part of Yizheng is the main body of Shuowen. Under the explanation of Xu's words in Shuowen, GUI Fu first gives examples to prove the original meaning of a word, and then refers to Xu Shen's explanation, which mainly refers to the explanation of ancient books to prove Xu's explanation, or to supplement Xu's explanation, or to quote Xu's explanation from ancient books. At the same time, all the new words are deleted, and the words and explanations quoted from Shuowen in ancient books are attached to the radicals. Volume 49 is a sparse proof of Xu Shen's Shuowen · Xu, which is annotated with two lines of small characters to clarify Xu Shen's meaning. In addition, Volume 50 of Yizheng is worth mentioning. On the volume is the appendix of Shuowen Jiezi. Guifu collected the introduction of Xu Shen, the discussion on the study of Shuowen, the discussion on the occurrence and development history of Chinese characters, the discussion on the study of characters and exegesis in the form of quotations, so as to explain Shuowen Jiezi

Chinese PinYin : Gui Fu